In Re Df, 555 S.E.2d 225 (Ga. Ct. App. 2001). · Go Syfert
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In Re Df, 555 S.E.2d 225 (Ga. Ct. App. 2001). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
94 citation events (94 in the last 25 years) across 1 distinct court.
Strongest positive: In THE INTEREST OF J. K., CHILDREN (MOTHER) (gactapp, 2025-05-29)
Treatment trajectory · 2001 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2001 2013 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 22 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) In THE INTEREST OF J. K., CHILDREN (MOTHER)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2025 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001). 22 In the Interest of E.
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the INTEREST OF R. S. T., a Child.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2018 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 861-62 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001) (reversing termination where mother could not care for children, because 8 majority that the State failed to present any evidence that R.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of E. M. D.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 861-62 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001) (reversing termination where mother could not care for children, because State did not meet evidentiary burden to show harm from continuing foster care status quo).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest Of: E.M.D , M.C.D. , L.A.W. , and M.O.W. , Children (Mother)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 861-62 (2001) (reversing termination where mother could not care for children, because State did not meet evidentiary burden to show harm from continuing foster care status quo).
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of S. B. Et Al., Children
Ga. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001).
cited Cited as authority (rule) In THE INTEREST OF S. O. C., a Child
Ga. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001). 27 In the Interest of A. T., 271 Ga. App. at 473 . 28 In the Interest of J.
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest Of: D. P., a Child (Mother) v. State of Georgia
Ga. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001) (accord); In the Interest of J.
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of D. P.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001) (accord); In the Interest of J.
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest Of: J. J. S., a Child (Mother) v. State of Georgia
Ga. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001). 15 See id.; In the Interest of K.
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of J. J. S.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re Je
Ga. Ct. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
I, § I, ¶ XXIX. [11] In the Interest of L.J.L., 247 Ga.App. 477 , 479, 543 S.E.2d 818 (2001) (punctuation and footnote omitted); see also Thaggard v. Willard, 285 Ga. App. 384, 389 , 646 S.E.2d 479 (2007) (same); In the Interest of R.C.M., 284 Ga.App. 791, 800 (III)(3), 645 S.E.2d 363 (2007) (same). [12] In the Interest of K.J., 226 Ga.App. at 306 (1), 486 S.E.2d 899 (citation and punctuation omitted); see also Nix v. Dep't of Human Res., 236 Ga. 794, 795 , 225 S.E.2d 306 (1976) ("There can scarcely be imagined a more fundamental and fiercely guarded right than the right of a natural parent …
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of J. J. J.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2008 · confidence medium
E., 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of I. G. (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2007 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001) (mother’s inability to care for children does not necessarily mean that her current relationship with them is harmful).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In re D. L. T.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2007 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001) (finding insufficient evidence that keeping the children in foster care while their mother worked on completing the case plan would harm the children, when the children’s foster family did not wish to adopt the children and there were no identifiable prospects for placing the children in a permanent adoptive home).
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of H. F. G.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2006 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 861-862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001) (same). 250 Ga. App. 152 ( 550 SE2d 707 ) (2001).
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of M. A.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2006 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 859 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of K. L.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2006 · confidence medium
E, 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001) (finding that there was insufficient evidence the children would be harmed if the mother’s parental rights were not terminated when no one had expressed an interest in adopting the children and there was no evidence that the children’s relationship with their mother was harmful, that the children were suffering in foster care, or that they would suffer without a permanent placement).
cited Cited as authority (rule) In the Interest of J. K.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2006 · confidence medium
F., 251 Ga. App. 859, 862 ( 555 SE2d 225 ) (2001); In the Interest of K.
discussed Cited "see" In Re Cjlc (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
See 251 Ga.App. at 860-861, 555 S.E.2d 225 .
cited Cited "see" In the Interest of C. J. L. C.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
See 251 Ga. App. at 860-861.
discussed Cited "see" In Re Bf (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
See In the Interest of D.F., 251 Ga.App. 859 , 555 S.E.2d 225 (2001); In the Interest of J.M., 251 Ga.App. 380 , 554 S.E.2d 533 (2001).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." In Re Jjj (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2008 · signal: compare · confidence low
NOTES [1] In the Interest of A.L.E., 248 Ga.App. 213, 216 (1), 546 S.E.2d 319 (2001) (footnotes omitted). [2] In the Interest of R.D.S.P., 230 Ga.App. 205 , 495 S.E.2d 867 (1998) (citations and punctuation omitted). [3] Clark v. Wade, 273 Ga. 587, 591 , 544 S.E.2d 99 (2001) (footnote omitted). [4] In the Interest of A.G., 253 Ga.App. 88, 89 (1)(a), (b), 558 S.E.2d 62 (2001). [5] E.g., In the Interest of K.N., 272 Ga.App. 45, 53 (a)(2), 611 S.E.2d 713 (2005), citing OCGA § 15-11-94(b)(4)(B)(i). [6] See In the Interest of K.N., supra at 53(a)(3), 611 S.E.2d 713 . [7] In the Interest of C.W.D., …
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
In the Interest of D.F. et al., children.
A01A1335.
Court of Appeals of Georgia.
Oct 11, 2001.
555 S.E.2d 225
Mikell.
Published

Robert A. Kunz, Douglasville, for appellant.

Thurbert E. Baker, Atty. Gen., Dennis R. Dunn, Deputy Atty. Gen., William C. Joy, Senior Asst. Atty. Gen., Shalen S. Nelson, P. Brian Campbell, Asst. Dist. Attys. Gen., for appellee.

MIKELL, Judge.

The mother appeals the juvenile court's termination of her parental rights to her children D.F., I.F., and A.F. We reverse because the record does not contain clear and convincing evidence supporting the juvenile court's finding that the continued deprivation of the children would likely cause them serious harm.

The standard of appellate review is whether "any rational trier of fact could have found by clear and convincing evidence that the natural parent's rights to custody have been lost."[1] "This Court neither weighs evidence nor determines the credibility of witnesses; rather, we defer to the trial court's factfinding and affirm unless the appellate[*226] standard is not met."[2] However, in reviewing the record of a proceeding for the termination of parental rights, we are mindful that "there is no judicial determination which has more drastic significance than that of permanently severing a natural parent-child relationship. It must be scrutinized deliberately and exercised most cautiously. Accordingly, compelling facts are required to terminate parental rights."[3]

OCGA § 15-11-94 establishes a two-step process in considering the termination of parental rights. The court is first required to determine whether there is clear and convincing evidence of parental misconduct or inability. If there is parental misconduct or inability, the court considers whether termination of parental rights is in the best interest of the child.[4] Parental misconduct or inability must be shown by clear and convincing evidence that (1) the child is deprived, (2) the lack of parental care or control is the cause of the deprivation, (3) such lack of care or control is likely to continue, and (4) the continued deprivation "will cause or is likely to cause serious physical, mental, emotional, or moral harm to the child."[5]

The record shows that the Carroll County Department of Family & Children Services (the "Department") became involved with the mother and her three children in 1996. The mother was then 16 years old, and she required the Department's assistance in caring for her children. In 1997, the mother damaged her boyfriend's car, for which she was convicted of criminal trespass and placed on probation. In May and June 1998, the mother was jailed for violation of probation because she failed to perform community service. No one in the mother's family was willing to take her children when she was incarcerated, and so the Department assumed emergency custody. After a hearing, the juvenile court found in an unappealed order that the children were deprived and awarded temporary custody to the Department. The children have been placed in foster care. A caseworker testified that, before the mother was jailed, her parenting skills were not so poor that the Department would have been justified in removing the children from her custody.

After the mother was released from jail, she agreed with the Department on a plan for her permanent reunification with the children. Under the plan, the mother's strengths were noted as "[she] loves her children; no domestic violence; no substance abuse." Needs were listed as "child needs met; develop relationship with children; maintain emotional stability; maintain stable housing; maintain employment." The mother's plan goals included developing and maintaining an appropriate relationship with her children, maintaining emotional stability, maintaining stable housing, and maintaining employment. The mother was also required to cooperate with the child support enforcement division.

The mother never successfully completed her case plan, although the evidence shows at least some level of cooperation and effort in each area. The mother visited her children more than 60 times, which was more than 98 percent of the scheduled visitations. The mother attended ten sessions with a psychological counselor, as the Department recommended. The Department asked the mother to attend joint counseling with the children's father, and she appeared for the counseling session, although he did not. And although the Department maintains the mother is deficient in her parenting skills, she did complete a required course in parenting.

The mother's satisfaction of her employment, housing, and child support goals was more problematic. She abandoned her apartment in October 1999 and moved in with her grandmother, who has never agreed to take in the mother's children. The mother also had difficulty securing permanent employment.[*227] She was employed at a fast food restaurant from August 1998 through May 1999, when she was fired. She started another job in June 1999 and was laid off after six weeks. She had a seasonal job at Honey Baked Ham around Thanksgiving of 1999. At the time of the hearing in May 2000, the mother was eight months pregnant and unemployed. The mother was unable to maintain her child support payments. However, she attended school as a part of an agreement with the child support enforcement division.

In September 1999, the mother had an altercation with the children's father (who did not live with the mother at the time and is currently incarcerated) and was jailed for a day. It was after this incident that the Department sought to terminate the mother's parental rights. The caseworker testified that she filed the petition because there had been no change in the mother's situation since 1996, and because she failed to make further progress on her case plan.

The mother claims on appeal that the evidence was insufficient to support the juvenile court's decision to terminate her parental rights. Clear and convincing evidence does support the juvenile court's findings that (1) the children were deprived, (2) the deprivation was caused by lack of parental care and control, and (3) the deprivation was likely to continue. The mother was in jail and her children had no place to stay when they were placed in temporary state custody. The mother did not complete her case plan for the return of the children. Despite her undeniable efforts to maintain close contact with her children, the mother has been unable to provide stable housing, maintain long-term employment, or honor her child support obligations. She is no longer making progress on her case plan. The mother is living in her grandmother's home, and there is no competent evidence that her grandmother would be willing to provide shelter for the mother's children as well. By the time of the termination hearing, the mother was again pregnant and she was not working.

Nevertheless, clear and convincing evidence does not support a finding that the children were likely to suffer serious harm if their deprivation were to continue. With respect to this requirement, the juvenile court made the following findings:

Such actions are likely to cause serious harm to the children. The mother although having a concern for the children does not have the parenting skills and ability to keep them safe from harm and properly care for such children. The children are in a stable environment at the present time as to [sic] which the mother could not supply both from an emotional and physical perspective. Concern for your children regardless of how great that is cannot provide the ability to properly care for them. The mother would make, perhaps, a good baby sitter to care for the children on an occasional basis but not as an ongoing parenting figure and influence.

These findings fail to support the juvenile court's conclusion that the children were likely to suffer serious harm if their deprivation were to continue. The mother's inability to care for her children does not necessarily mean that her current relationship with them is detrimental. We find no expert testimony with regard to the effect on the children if the mother's parental rights were not terminated; there is no testimony that the children's relationship with their mother was harmful; and there is no testimony that the children are currently suffering due to their placement in foster care or that without a permanent placement that they would suffer serious harm.[6] We note that the Department presented no identifiable prospects for adoption, and the current foster parents do not want to adopt the children. It appears to us that the Department wishes to terminate the children's existing relationship with their mother, which they cannot show is likely to cause serious harm, in return for the possibility that the children will be placed in an as yet unidentified permanent home.

The Department did not present evidence which would satisfy the statutory requirements for termination. We are mindful that[*228] the mother exhibits poor parenting skills and interacts with her children more like an older sibling than a mother, and that she has experienced a sometimes violent relationship with the children's father, but there is nothing in the record that shows that continuing the legal relationship of parent and child is inherently harmful to the children. It follows that the juvenile court's order terminating the mother's parental rights must be reversed.

In view of our decision, the mother's arguments with regard to the Department's introduction of evidence beyond the scope of the proceedings are moot.

Judgment reversed.

BLACKBURN, C.J., and POPE, P.J., concur.

1 (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Sims v. Sims, 171 Ga.App. 99, 100, 318 S.E.2d 805 (1984).
2 (Citation and punctuation omitted.) In the Interest of S.J.C., 234 Ga.App. 491, 491-492, 507 S.E.2d 226 (1998).
3 (Citation and punctuation omitted.) In the Interest of K.J., 226 Ga.App. 303, 306(1), 486 S.E.2d 899 (1997).
4 In the Interest of C.D.A., 238 Ga.App. 400, 401, 519 S.E.2d 31 (1999).
5 OCGA § 15-11-94(b)(4)(A).
6 In the Interest of J.M., 251 Ga.App. 380, 383-384, 554 S.E.2d 533 (2001); In the Interest of K.J., supra, 226 Ga.App. at 307(2), 486 S.E.2d 899.