green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 2×
5.5 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 2 distinct cases, last quoted 1994 ·
…rarely will a state official who simply enforces a presumptively valid statute thereby lose her immunity from suit.
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1992 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1992
2009
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 13 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Dickerson Carolina, Inc. v. Harrelson
rarely will a state official who simply enforces a presumptively valid statute thereby lose her immunity from suit.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Dickerson Carolina, Inc. v. Harrelson
rarely will a state official who simply enforces a presumptively valid statute thereby lose her immunity from suit.
cited
Cited "see"
Lytle v. Brewer
See Swanson v. Powers, 937 F.2d 965, 969 (4th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1031 , 112 S.Ct. 871 , 116 L.Ed.2d 777 (1992).
discussed
Cited "see"
Ross v. Keelings
In determining the specific right of the plaintiff that was allegedly violated, the right must not exist in a generalized form, but “[t]he contours of the right must be sufficiently clear that a reasonable official would understand that what he is doing violates that right.” Anderson, 483 U.S. at 640 ; see Swanson v. Powers, 937 F.2d 965, 968 (4th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1031 , 112 S.Ct. 871 , 116 L.Ed.2d 777 (1992).
discussed
Cited "see"
Simmons v. Charleston Housing Authority
Accord Akers v. Caperton, 998 F.2d 220, 226 (4th Cir.1993). “[T]he critical inquiry is the state of the law at the time of the official’s actions, not the result reached after years of judicial pondering.” Akers v. Caperton, supra, 998 F.2d at 227 , citing Harlow, supra, 457 U.S. at 818 , 102 S.Ct. at 2738 , 73 L.Ed.2d at 410-11 , Swanson v. Powers, 937 F.2d 965, 967-71 (4th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1031 , 112 S.Ct. 871 , 116 L.Ed.2d 777 (1992), and McConnell v. Adams, 829 F.2d 1319 , 1324-26 *232 (4th Cir.1987), cert. denied sub nom, Virginia ex. rel.
discussed
Cited "see"
Akers v. Caperton
See Swanson v. Powers, 937 F.2d 965, 967 (4th Cir.1991) (qualified immunity "reflects the concern that civil damage awards against public officers for every judicially determined violation of constitutional rights would prove too expensive to the public, discourage public service employment and impair governmental decision-making.") (internal quotations omitted), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 112 S.Ct. 871 , 116 L.Ed.2d 777 (1992); Mitchell v. Rice, 954 F.2d 187, 191 (4th Cir.1992) ("In the interests of accomplishing public goals and encouraging public service, government officials should not b…
discussed
Cited "see"
Akers v. Caperton
See Swanson v. Powers, 937 F.2d 965, 967 (4th Cir.1991) (qualified immunity “reflects the concern that civil damage awards 'against public officers for every judicially determined violation of constitutional rights would prove too expensive to the public, discourage public service employment and impair governmental decision-making.”) (internal quotations omitted), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 112 S.Ct. 871 , 116 L.Ed.2d 777 (1992); Mitchell v. Rice, 954 F.2d 187, 191 (4th Cir.1992) (“In the interests of accomplishing public goals and encouraging public service, government officials should no…
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Connecticut ex rel. Blumenthal v. Crotty
See, e.g., Swanson v. Powers, 937 F.2d 965, 969 (4th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1031 , 112 S.Ct. 871 , 116 L.Ed.2d 777 (1992) (relying on Lemon). .
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Connecticut v. Crotty
See, e.g., Swanson v. Powers, 937 F.2d 965, 969 (4th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1031 , 112 S.Ct. 871 , 116 L.Ed.2d 777 (1992) (relying on Lemon ). 19 Envtl.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Union Pacific Railroad v. Trona Valley Federal Credit Union
Generally, we have stated that since standing “goes to the existence of a claim for relief and is jurisdictional in nature, it can be raised at any point in the procedure.” Matter of Various Water Rights in Lake DeSmet Reservoir, 623 P.2d 764, 767 (Wyo.1981) (citing Parker v. Bowron, 40 Cal.2d 344 , 254 P.2d 6 (1953)); see also Mekss v. Wyoming Girls’ School, 813 P.2d 185, 205 (Wyo.1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1032 , 112 S.Ct. 872 , 116 L.Ed.2d 777 (1992).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Nusbaum v. Terrangi
The Specific Right In determining the specific right of the plaintiff that was allegedly violated, the right must not exist in a generalized form, but “[t]he contours of the right must be sufficiently clear that a reasonable official would understand that what he is doing violates that right.” Anderson, 483 U.S. at 640 , 107 S.Ct. 3034 ; see also Swanson v. Powers, 937 F.2d 965, 968 (4th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1031 , 112 S.Ct. 871 , 116 L.Ed.2d 777 (1992).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Michael Hogan v. James Carter
(2×)
See, e.g., Swanson v. Powers, 937 F.2d 965, 968 (4th Cir.1991) (Wilkinson, J.) ("Since qualified immunity is appropriate if reasonable officers could disagree on the relevant issue, it surely must be appropriate when reasonable jurists can do so.” (citation omitted)), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 1031 , 112 S.Ct. 871 , 116 L.Ed.2d 777 (1992).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Billings v. Wyoming State Board of Outfitters & Professional Guides
(2×)
See also Mekss v. Wyoming Girls' School, 813 P.2d 185, 201 (Wyo.1991), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 872 , 116 L.Ed.2d 777 (1992).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Federal Insurance Co.
v.
City of Lakeland
v.
City of Lakeland
No. 91-693.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jan 13, 1992.
Published
Citer courts: Court of Appeals of North Caro… (2)
C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.