Seyfarth v. Lovret, 446 U.S. 919 (1980). · Go Syfert
Seyfarth v. Lovret, 446 U.S. 919 (1980). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
355 citation events (11 in the last 25 years) across 61 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Matter of 949 Erie Street, Racine, Wis. (wied, 1986-09-05) · Strongest negative: United States v. Zanche (nywd, 1982-06-09)
Treatment trajectory · 1980 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1980 2003 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited "but see" United States v. Zanche (2×)
W.D.N.Y. · 1982 · signal: but cf. · confidence high
See United States v. Abrams, supra; United States v. Roche, 614 F.2d 6 (1st Cir. 1980); Application of Lafayette Academy, 610 F.2d 1 (1st Cir. 1979); but cf. United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 309 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980) (where there is probable cause that pervasive fraud scheme existed, all the business records of a business may be seized if accurately described).
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Matter of 949 Erie Street, Racine, Wis. (2×)
E.D. Wis. · 1986 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
where there is probable cause to find that there exists a pervasive scheme to defraud, all the business records of an enterprise may be seized, if they are ... accurately described....
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Mallen v. Merrill Lynch Futures, Inc. (2×)
N.D. Ga. · 1985 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
while courts have held that the cfta preempts state regulation of commodity futures, ... it has also been held that the cfta does not preempt state general antifraud statutes.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) National Commodity And Barter Association v. Glenn L. Archer
10th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
The ruling was premised on a showing that facts presented to the magistrate warranted a strong belief that the company's operation was "solely and entirely" a scheme to defraud and there was probable cause to find "a pervasive scheme to defraud." Id. at 308-09.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) National Commodity & Barter Ass'n v. Archer
10th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
The ruling was premised on a showing that facts presented to the magistrate warranted a strong belief that the company’s operation was “solely and entirely” a scheme to defraud and there was probable cause to find “a pervasive scheme to defraud.” Id. at 308-09.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rhode Island v. Narragansett Indian Tribe (2×)
1st Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
We caution, however, that while Brien suggests that statutes may never be impliedly repealed in part, see id. at 309, more recent cases clarify the point, see, e.g., Bristol Energy Corp. v. New Hampshire PUC, 13 F.3d 471, 477 (1st Cir.1994).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Forrest G. English and Robert M. Owens v. William J. Cowell, Donald Siddens, Charles J. Connor
7th Cir. · 1992 · confidence medium
S.Ct. 1853, 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980); Howard, 560 F.2d at 22 (after complying with section 101(a)(5)’s procedural safeguards, a union may expel a member if it should determine that the member’s conduct creates “cause for expulsion under its own constitution”).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 95,907 United States v. Thomas A. Faulhaber
1st Cir. · 1991 · confidence medium
We concluded that in criminal, unlike tortious, fraud, “[t]he only issue is whether there is a plan, scheme or artifice intended to defraud.” Id. at 311.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. The Offices Known as 50 State Distributing Co. (2×)
9th Cir. · 1983 · confidence medium
Id. at 308.
cited Cited "see" State v. Viatical Services, Inc.
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See id.
discussed Cited "see" Munoz v. Strahm Farms
Fed. Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Basey, 613 F.2d 198 , 201 n. 1 (9th Cir.1979) ("It is unimportant under Fed.R.Evid. 803(6) that the custodian did not herself record the information or know who recorded the information."), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 274 (1980); see also Saks Int'l, 817 F.2d at 1013 (a regular practice of receiving information from another person obviates the need to identify that person).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Johnson (2×)
W.D.N.Y. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See National City Trading Corp. v. United States, 635 F.2d 1020, 1026 (2d Cir.1980) (citing United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 309 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980)).
discussed Cited "see" Mason Tenders District Council v. Laborers' International Union
S.D.N.Y. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies’ Garment Cutters’ Local 10, 605 F.2d 1228 , 1244-45 (2d Cir.1979) (noting that such a result leaves open the question of damages plaintiff may have suffered between the outcome of the defective proceeding and the curative de novo one), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see" Demerath Land Company, a Nebraska Corporation v. Steve Sparr Eugene Boes Farmers Cooperative Exchange, a Nebraska Cooperative Association (2×)
8th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Goodman, 984 F.2d at 237 (“‘[t]he essence of a scheme is a plan to deceive persons as to the substantial identity of the things they are to receive in exchange’” (quoting United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 307 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980))).
discussed Cited "see" Brenda S. Collison v. International Chemical Workers Union, Local 217 International Chemical Workers Union
4th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies’ Garment Cutters’ Union, Local 10, 605 F.2d 1228, 1238 (2d Cir.1979) (power to discipline by suspension of right to attend membership meetings still requires finding, after a full and fair hearing, of a violation of a legitimate union rule), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see" Sluys v. Hand
S.D.N.Y. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Aldens, Inc. v. Miller, 610 F.2d 538, 539 (8th Cir.1979), cert. denied 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980); Aldens, Inc. v. Ryan, 571 F.2d 1159 (10th Cir.), cert. denied 439 U.S. 860 , 99 S.Ct. 180 , 58 L.Ed.2d 169 (1978); Aldens, Inc. v. LaFollette, 552 F.2d 745 (7th Cir.), cert. denied 434 U.S. 880 , 98 S.Ct. 236 , 54 L.Ed.2d 161 (1977); see also In re Estate of Clark, 21 N.Y.2d 478, 486, 288 N.Y.S.2d 993, 998 , 236 N.E.2d 152, 157 (1968).
discussed Cited "see" Morgan v. McNiff
S.D.N.Y. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aldens, Inc. v. Miller, 610 F.2d 538, 539 (8th Cir.), cert. denied 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1979); Aldens, Inc. v. Ryan, 571 F.2d 1159 (10th Cir.), cert. denied 439 U.S. 860 , 99 S.Ct. 180 , 58 L.Ed.2d 169 (1978); Aldens, Inc. v. LaFollette, 552 F.2d 745 (7th Cir.), cert. denied 434 U.S. 880 , 98 S.Ct. 236 , 54 L.Ed.2d 161 (1977).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Paccione (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See National City Trading Corp. v. United States, 635 F.2d 1020, 1026 (2d Cir.) (citing United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 309 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980)); United States v. McClintock, 748 F.2d 1278, 1282-83 (9th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 822 , 106 S.Ct. 75 , 88 L.Ed.2d 61 (1985); United States v. Offices Known As 50 State Distributing Co., 708 F.2d 1371, 1372-75 (9th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1021 , 104 S.Ct. 1272 , 79 L.Ed.2d 677 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" Securities & Exchange Commission v. Wellshire Securities, Inc. (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Burke, 718 F. Supp 1130 , 1132 n. 2 (S.D.N.Y.) (citing United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299 , 302 n. 5 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980)). 3 .
cited Cited "see" Caputo v. National Ass'n of Letter Carriers
E.D.N.Y · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies Garment, Etc., 605 F.2d 1228 , 1245 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see" Collom v. Incorporated Village of Freeport, NY
E.D.N.Y · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies’ Garment Cutters’ Union, 605 F.2d 1228 (2d Cir.1979) (recognizing civil liability of one who wrongly procures the arrest of another), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see" Nancy C. Stillians v. State of Iowa (2×)
8th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Aldens, Inc. v. Miller, 610 F.2d 538, 541 (8th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see" St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance v. Casualty Reciprocal Exchange
W.D. Ark. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies’ Garment Cutters Union Local 10, 605 F.2d 1228, 1247 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 ; Farr v. Detroit Trust Co., 116 F.2d 807 (6th Cir.1941); Main v. Festa, 37 F.R.D. 227 (W.D.Pa.1965); 6 C.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. McMahon (2×)
D. Me. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 312-13 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see" Buczek v. First National Bank
Pa. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Federal Land Bank of Baltimore v. Fetner, 269 Pa.Super. 455, 461 , 410 A.2d 344, 348 (1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 918 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980); Grace v. Moll, 285 Pa. 353, 355 , 132 A. 171, 171-72 (1926).
cited Cited "see" Petramale v. Local No. 17 of Laborers' International Union
S.D.N.Y. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies’ Garment Cutters’ Union, 605 F.2d 1228 , 1245 (2d Cir.1979), ce rt. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
cited Cited "see" Bradford Trust Company of Boston v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith, Inc.
2d Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies Garment Cutters’ Union, 605 F.2d 1228 , 1251 (2d Cir.1979), ce rt. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see" Voss v. Bergsgaard (2×)
10th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299 (1st Cir.1980), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980); United States v. Offices Known as 50 State Distributing Company, 708 F.2d 1371 (9th Cir.1983), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 104 S.Ct. 1272 , 79 L.Ed.2d 677 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" Voss v. Bergsgaard (2×)
10th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299 (1st Cir.1980), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980); United States v. Offices Known as 50 State Distributing Company, 708 F.2d 1371 (9th Cir.1983), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 104 S.Ct. 1272 , 79 L.Ed.2d 677 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Bennerson (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See similarly, United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 310 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980) (commodities fraud may be prosecuted under mail and wire fraud statutes despite the existence of the more narrowly tailored Commodity Futures Trading Act: “Although the statutes prohibit similar conduct, they operate independently and harmoniously.
discussed Cited "see" Oliner v. McBride's Industries, Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies’ Garment Cutters’ Union, 605 F.2d 1228 , 1247 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980); 6 Wright & Miller, supra, § 1443 at 208.
discussed Cited "see" The State of New York v. Shore Realty Corp. And Donald Leogrande
2d Cir. · 1985 · signal: accord · confidence high
The public nuisance claim for abatement and the CERCLA claims clearly “derive from a common nucleus of operative fact” and the State “would ordinarily be expected to try them all in one judicial proceeding.” Gibbs, 383 U.S. at 725, 86 S.Ct. at 1138; accord Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies’ Garment Cutters’ Union, Local 10, 605 F.2d 1228, 1247 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
cited Cited "see" R.E. Chapa v. Local 18, Etc.
11th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies’ Garment Cutters’ Union, Local 10, I.L.G.W.U, 605 F.2d 1228 (2nd Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
cited Cited "see" Petramale v. Local No. 17 of Laborers International Union
2d Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies Garment Cutters Union, 605 F.2d 1228 , 1239 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
cited Cited "see" Pasquale Petramale v. Local No. 17 Of Laborers International Union Of North America
2d Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies Garment Cutters Union, 605 F.2d 1228 , 1239 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Karen Shapiro, United States of America v. Rebecca Howard (2×)
9th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Basey, 613 F.2d 198, 202 (9th Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 274 (1980) (a conspirator is liable for acts of her co-conspirators in furtherance of the conspiracy.) .
discussed Cited "see" James R. Myers v. Affiliated Property Craftsmen Local No. 44 Of The International Alliance Of Theatrical Stage Employees And Moving Picture Machine Operators Of The United States And Canada
9th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Ladies' Garment Cutters' Union, Local 10, 605 F.2d 1228 , 1243 (2nd Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980). 24 GORDON THOMPSON, Jr., District Judge, dissenting: 25 Myers was afforded a full and fair hearing.
discussed Cited "see" Myers v. Affiliated Property Craftsmen Local No. 44
9th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosario v. Ladies’ Garment Cutters’ Union, Local 10, 605 F.2d 1228 , 1243 (2nd Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980). . 29 U.S.C. § 411 (a)(5) (1976) states: Safeguards against improper disciplinary action No member of any labor organization may be fined, suspended, expelled, or otherwise disciplined except for nonpayment of dues by such organization or by any officer thereof unless such member has been (A) served with written specific charges; (B) given a reasonable time to prepare his defense; (C) afforded a full and fair hearing. .
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Dorfman (2×)
N.D. Ill. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 313 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980): [I]t does not follow that the remedy for possible exposure to inherently prejudicial publicity should be the same for grand juries as for petit juries.
discussed Cited "see" National City Trading Corp. v. United States (2×)
2d Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 309 (1st Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see" National City Trading Corp. v. United States (2×)
2d Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 309 (1st Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Stout (2×)
E.D. Pa. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See,, e. g., United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980) (violations of mail fraud statute and the Commodities Futures Trading Act, 7 U.S.C. § 60 ); United States v. Weatherspoon, 581 F.2d 595 (7th Cir. 1978) (violations of mail fraud statute and the false statements statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1001 ); United States v. Melvin, 544 F.2d 767 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 910 , 97 S.Ct. 1184 , 51 L.Ed.2d 587 (1977) (violation of mail fraud statute and the Jenkins Act, 15 U.S.C. § 376 et seq., which requires the seller of ci…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Boots (2×)
1st Cir. · 1996 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 310 (1st Cir.) (holding that Commodities Futures Trading Act does not preempt or impliedly repeal wire or mail fraud statutes and citing related cases), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980); Brewer, 528 F.2d at 498 (“[Defendant’s] use of the mails to escape regulation added a different element and a new dimension to her failure to comply with the [Jenkins] Act.”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Clark v. Esser
E.D. Mich. · 1993 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies Garment Cutters’ Union, Local 10, etc., 605 F.2d 1228, 1246 (2d Cir.1979) (“Although union action is a prerequisite to any liability under § 102 [ 29 U.S.C. § 412 ], since the purpose of the Act is to regulate the relationship between a labor organization and its members, a union official who aids [sic] abets, instigates, or directs a wrongful use of union power to deprive a member of his rights under § 101 [ 29 U.S.C. § 411 ] may be held liable under § 102 ... ”), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Tikkanen v. Citibank (South Dakota) N.A.
D. Minnesota · 1992 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Aldens, Inc. v. Miller, 610 F.2d 538 (8th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , *280 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Center Art Galleries--Hawaii, Inc. William D. Mett v. United States (2×)
9th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 308 , 309 n. 11 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980) (affidavit showed that “entire operation was a scheme to defraud investors;” the “two hundred fifty complaints that surfaced could fairly be inferred to be only the tip of the iceberg”); National City Trading Corp. v. United States, 635 F.2d 1020, 1026 (2d Cir.1980) (affidavit demonstrated “probable cause to believe that NCTC’s business was permeated with fraud”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Beech-Nut Nutrition Corporation (2×)
2d Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Shareef, 714 F.2d 232, 233 (2d Cir.1983); see also United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 312 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980). 87 In contending that the trial court's conscious-avoidance charge prejudiced them with respect to the element of intent, defendants focus on two sentences in the instructions: 88 Thus, even if you find that the defendant you are considering did not have actual knowledge that the apple juice concentrate and apple juice were adulterated, you may still find that the knowledge, and intent and willf…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Beech-Nut Nutrition Corp. (2×)
2d Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Shareef, 714 F.2d 232, 233 (2d Cir.1983); see also United States v. Brien, 617 F.2d 299, 312 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1854 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Dirienzo v. United States
D. Conn. · 1988 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Rosario v. Amalgamated Ladies’ Garment Cutters’ Union, 605 F.2d 1228 , 1248 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 919 , 100 S.Ct. 1853 , 64 L.Ed.2d 273 (1980); Boose v. City of Rochester, 71 A.D.2d 59 , 421 N.Y.S.2d 740, 746 (1979); cf. Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 , 98 S.Ct. 2674 , 57 L.Ed.2d 667 (1978).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Seyfarth
v.
Lovret
No. 79-1468.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Apr 28, 1980.
446 U.S. 919

Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.