Frissell v. Rizzo, 444 U.S. 841 (1979). · Go Syfert
Frissell v. Rizzo, 444 U.S. 841 (1979). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“e conclude that the provisions of section 6103 dealing with the disclosure of return information to a taxpayer with a material interest therein satisfy the requirements of exemption .”
266 citation events (17 in the last 25 years) across 76 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: May v. Internal Revenue Service (mowd, 1999-08-06) · Strongest negative: District of Columbia Common Cause v. District of Columbia (cadc, 1988-09-20)
Treatment trajectory · 1979 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1979 2002 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 44 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited "but see" District of Columbia Common Cause v. District of Columbia (2×)
D.C. Cir. · 1988 · signal: but see · confidence high
But see Frissell v. Rizzo, 597 F.2d 840, 850 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979). 3.
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) May v. Internal Revenue Service
W.D. Mo. · 1999 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
e conclude that the provisions of section 6103 dealing with the disclosure of return information to a taxpayer with a material interest therein satisfy the requirements of exemption .
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Newark Branch, National Ass'n for the Advancement of Colored People v. Township of West Orange
D.N.J. · 1992 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
on a deeper level, the court's standing rules recognize a constitutional preference for solving social and political problems by consent.
cited Cited "see" International Paper Company v. Town of Jay
1st Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Frissell v. Rizzo, 597 F.2d 840, 845 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
discussed Cited "see" Charles Yeksigian v. Ralph Nappi, Howard Nicholas, and City of Chicago
7th Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See Moore v. Marketplace Restaurant, Inc., 754 F.2d 1336, 1352 (7th Cir.1985) (citing Butler v. Goldblatt Bros., Inc., 589 F.2d 323, 326-27 (7th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 53 (1979)).
discussed Cited "see" Peterkin v. Jeffes
3rd Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally, Frissell v. Rizzo, 597 F.2d 840 (3d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979) (whether a litigant has standing not dependent on the merits of litigant’s contentions, but on sufficiency of litigant’s concern with subject matter, and exposure to actual or threatened injury); Borelli v. City of Reading, 532 F.2d 950 (3d Cir.1976) (question of standing generally determined from face of the complaint). .
discussed Cited "see" Peterkin v. Jeffes
3rd Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally, Frissell v. Rizzo, 597 F.2d 840 (3d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979) (whether a litigant has standing not dependent on the merits of litigant's contentions, but on sufficiency of litigant's concern with subject matter, and exposure to actual or threatened injury); Borelli v. City of Reading, 532 F.2d 950 (3d Cir.1976) (question of standing generally determined from face of the complaint) 26 This Court has repeatedly analyzed access to courts and legal assistance claims without reference to an actual injury showing.
cited Cited "see" Causey v. United States
M.D. Ga. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151, 1157 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Terrell (In Re Terrell) (2×)
N.D. Ala. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See, Mazo, supra at 1151-1156 (5th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979), wherein the Fifth Circuit upheld the granting of a summary judgment to the United States in a similar responsible person case.
cited Cited "see" In Re Morrison
Bankr. E.D. Pa. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Frissell v. Rizzo, 597 F.2d 840, 843-45 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979). 10 .
discussed Cited "see" L. Ray Wood v. United States
5th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151, 1155-56 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979); Liddon v. United States, 448 F.2d 509, 512-13 (5th Cir.1871), cert. denied, 406 U.S. 918 , 92 S.Ct. 1769 , 32 L.Ed.2d 117 (1972).
discussed Cited "see" Church of Scientology of California v. Internal Revenue Service (2×)
D.C. Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
Moody v. IRS, 654 F.2d 795 , 797 & n. 4 (D.C.Cir.1981); see Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979); Fruehauf Corp. v. IRS, 566 F.2d 574 (6th Cir.1977); see also Zale Corp. v. IRS, 481 F.Supp. 486 , 490 n. 13 (D.D.C.1979) 5 My reading of Section 6103 and FOIA nevertheless differs from the reasoning of Zale Corp. v. IRS, 481 F.Supp. 486 (D.D.C.1979), relied upon by King.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Texas Heart Institute
5th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827, 835 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Texas Heart Institute
5th Cir. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827, 835 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979). 54 The real issue presented is not whether the taxpayer perceived the agent's actions as threats, but whether there is a legitimate purpose for the investigation.
cited Cited "see" Benavidez v. Gunnell
10th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Butler v. Goldblatt Bros., Inc., 7 Cir., 589 F.2d 323, 327 , cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 53 .
cited Cited "see" Benavidez v. Gunnell
10th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Butler v. Goldblatt Bros., Inc., 7 Cir., 589 F.2d 323, 327 , cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 53 . 16 Affirmed.
discussed Cited "see" American Friends Service Committee v. William H. Webster, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, (Three Cases) (2×)
D.C. Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827, 835 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979). 67 Section 6103 is a formidable law restricting the use of records.
discussed Cited "see" Green v. Internal Revenue Service
N.D. Ind. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See, Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827 (5th Cir.), cert. den., 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979); Barney v. Internal Revenue Service, 618 F.2d 1268 (8th Cir.1980); Fruehauf Corp. v. Internal Revenue Service, 566 F.2d 574 (6th Cir. 1977).
cited Cited "see" Sharon L. King v. Internal Revenue Service and Jerome Kurtz, Commissioner of Internal Revenue
7th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827 (5th Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 ; Fruehauf Corp. v. I.
discussed Cited "see" Sabalos v. Regan
E.D. Va. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827, 842-43 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979); Pope v. United States, 459 F.Supp. 426, 429 (S.D.Tex.1977), aff’d per curiam, 585 F.2d 802 (5th Cir. 1978).
discussed Cited "see" Shearn Moody, Jr. v. Internal Revenue Service
D.C. Cir. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827, 838-39 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979) (section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code is a statute exempting material from disclosure within the meaning of exemption 3 of the FOIA). 5 .
cited Cited "see" McSurely v. McAdams
D.D.C. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827, 834 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
cited Cited "see" Zale Corp. v. United States Internal Revenue Service
D.D.C. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827 (5th Cir. 1978), cert. denied,-Ü.S.-, 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
discussed Cited "see" Shakman v. Democratic Organization of Cook Cty.
N.D. Ill. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Silva v. Bell, 605 F.2d 978, 984 (7th Cir. 1979). *1329 Frissell v. Rizzo, 597 F.2d 840, 844 (3d Cir.) (in absence of any allegation that a newspaper had actually been inhibited in its reporting of the news by mayor’s action in denying customary public advertising to the paper as a reprisal for the publication of unfavorable news articles, or that the newspaper was in some manner prevented from asserting its own first amendment rights, the taxpayer-citizen lacked standing to sue to vindicate the newspaper’s rights), cert denied, - U.S. -, 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Noffke v. United States
Fed. Cl. · 2016 · signal: see also · confidence low
Kobus v. United States, 103 Fed.Cl. at 588 (citing Godfrey v. United States, 748 F.2d at 1577 ); see also Godfrey v. United States, 748 F.2d at 1577 (quoting Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979)) (“The willfulness requirement is satisfied ‘if the responsible person acts with a reckless disregard of a known or obvious risk that trust funds may not be remitted to the Government, ... such as by failing to investigate or to correct mismanagement after being notified that withholding taxes have not been duly remitted.�…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Kobus v. United States
Fed. Cl. · 2012 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151, 1155 (5th Cir.1979), cert, denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979); Brinshele v. United States, 88 Fed.Cl. 334, 339 (2009) (stating that, under § 6672, the plaintiff bears the burden of proof “both for his own claim and against the government’s counterclaim”).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Robertson v. Internal Revenue Service of the United States (In Re Robertson)
Bankr. W.D. Tex. · 2006 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also, Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151, 1154 (5th Cir.1979), cert. denied 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Mahler v. United States
D. Conn. · 2000 · signal: see also · confidence low
The inquiry under Section 6672 "focuses on whether an individual could have exerted influence, and delegation or avoidance of duties will not deflect its scope." Fiataruolo, 8 F.3d at 939 (emphasis added); see also Maw v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151, 1157 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.s. 842, 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979); Schwinger v. United States, 652 F.Supp. 464, 469-70 (E.D.N.Y.1987).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Phillips v. United States Internal Revenue Service
9th Cir. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Malloy v. U.S., 17 F.3d 329 , 332 (11th Cir.1994) ("The willfulness requirement is satisfied if the responsible person acts with a reckless disregard of a known or obvious risk that the trust funds may not be remitted to the Government, such as by failing to investigate or to correct mismanagement after being notified that withholding taxes have not been duly admitted”) (emphasis in the original), citing Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151, 1154 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979); Wood v. United States, 808 F.2d 411, 415 (5th Cir.1987) ("A …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Fontenot v. United States (In re Fontenot)
W.D. La. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
Wood, 808 F.2d at 415; see also Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151, 1154 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979) (reckless disregard includes failure to investigate or to correct mismanagement after being notified that taxes were due.) Mere negligence, however, does not establish willfulness under the statute.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Raba v. United States
5th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Raba v. U.S.
5th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Dan O. Davis, Plaintiff-Counter-Claim-Defendant-Appellant v. United States of America, Defendant-Counter-Claimant-Appellee
9th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
In the latter case, the Supreme Court said “there is no question that § 6672 is applicable to them.” Id. at 246, 98 S.Ct. at 1784 ; see also Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151, 1154 (5th Cir.) (Slodov “implicitly affirms [Teel’s and Maggy’s] conclusions because the [Supreme] Court assumes at the outset that a penalty may be exacted from a person who was responsible both during the period withholding tax liability accrued and thereafter”), cer t. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Dennis J. Turnbull v. United States of America, Defendant-Counter v. Johnny Foster, Counter
5th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151, 1154 (5th Cir.) (reckless disregard includes failure to investigate or to correct mismanagement after being notified that taxes were due), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
cited Cited "see, e.g." In Re Orlando Investors, L.P.
Bankr. E.D. Pa. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Frissell v. Rizzo, 597 F.2d 840 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Mike Gustin v. United States of America, Internal Revenue Service
5th Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
Wood, 808 F.2d at 415 ; see also Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151, 1154 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979) (reckless disregard includes failure to investigate or to correct mismanagement after being notified that taxes were due).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Competitive Enterprise Institute, Fred L. Smith, Jr. And Glenda Hill v. U.S. Department of Transportation
D.C. Cir. · 1988 · signal: see also · confidence low
Basiardanes v. City of Galveston, 682 F.2d 1203, 1211-12 (5th Cir.1982) (“Recipients of protected communication have standing only if there is a speaker who wishes to express himself or herself.”); see also Frissell v. Rizzo, 597 F.2d 840, 847-48 (3d Cir.) (“the hearer [must] demonstrate injury to a relationship with an affected speaker”), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979); Gregg v. Barrett, 771 F.2d 539, 547-48 (D.C.Cir.1985) (“The right to receive information, however, is not established in every case where a person wishes to receive information.”).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Robert W. Sawyer v. United States
7th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also, Mazo v. United States, 591 F.2d 1151, 1154 (5th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 ; Garsky v. United States, 600 F.2d 86, 91 (7th Cir. 1979).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Jay B. White v. Internal Revenue Service (2×)
6th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827 (5th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979) [where it was concluded "that the provisions of section 6103 dealing with the disclosure of return information to a taxpayer with a material interest therein satisfy the requirements of Exemption 3" to FOIA.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Herrera v. Valentine
8th Cir. · 1981 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., Butler v. Goldblatt Bros., Inc., 589 F.2d 323, 325 (7th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 53 (1979); Dellums v. Powell, supra, 566 F.2d at 175-176 ; cf. Wyland v. James, 426 F.Supp. 304, 306 (N.D.Tex.1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Herrera v. Valentine
8th Cir. · 1981 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., Butler v. Goldblatt Bros., Inc., 589 F.2d 323, 325 (7th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 53 (1979); Dellums v. Powell, supra, 566 F.2d at 175-176 ; cf. Wyland v. James, 426 F.Supp. 304, 306 (N.D.Tex.1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Education/instruccion, Inc. v. United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
1st Cir. · 1981 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Chamberlain v. Kurtz, 589 F.2d 827, 842-43 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 842 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979); Blue v. Bureau of Prisons, 570 F.2d 529 (5th Cir. 1978); Cuneo v. Rumsfeld, 553 F.2d 1360 (D.C.Cir.1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Wolfgang Arnold v. International Business MacHines Corporation
9th Cir. · 1981 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., Butler v. Goldblatt Bros., Inc., 589 F.2d 323 (7th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 53 (1979); Smith v. Brookshire Bros., Inc., 519 F.2d 93 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 915 , 96 S.Ct. 1115 , 47 L.Ed.2d 320 (1976).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Henry Friedman, Trustee in Bankruptcy of Janice Ann Marie Harold v. Janice Ann Marie Harold
1st Cir. · 1981 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Frissell v. Rizzo, 597 F.2d 840, 848 (3rd Cir.) cert. denied, 444 U.S. 841 , 100 S.Ct. 82 , 62 L.Ed.2d 54 (1979).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Frissell
v.
Rizzo, Mayor of Philadelphia
No. 78-1890.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 1, 1979.
444 U.S. 841

C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.