green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 4×
10.7 score
G Cite
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
“Class actions are particularly appropriate and desirable means to resolve claims based on the securities laws, ‘since the effectiveness of the securities laws may depend in large measure on the application of the class action device.’”
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
“[a]n opinion or projection, like any other representation, will be untrue if it has no valid basis”
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
“Unlike preemption under the NLRA, the preemption of state law claims under the RLA has been more complete”
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985
2005
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 49 distinct citers.
discussed
Cited "but see"
Selch v. Letts
But cf. Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.1985) (holding that the plaintiff was a policymaker because “[w]hile the ultimate goal of all sides might be the same, there [was] clearly room for principled disagreement in the development and implementation of plans to achieve that goal”), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Milazzo v. O'CONNELL
elrod and branti require examination of the powers inherent in a given office, as opposed to the functions performed by a particular occupant of that office
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Maywalt v. Parker & Parsley Petroleum Co.
class actions are particularly appropriate and desirable means to resolve claims based on the securities laws, 'since the effectiveness of the securities laws may depend in large measure on the application of the class action device.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Urbach v. Sayles
n opinion or projection, like any other representation, will be untrue if it has no valid basis
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Underwood v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.
(2×)
unlike preemption under the nlra, the preemption of state law claims under the rla has been more complete
discussed
Cited "see"
Alston v. Baltimore Gas & Electric Company
See Peterson v. Air Line Pilots Ass’n Int’l, 759 F.2d 1161, 1169-70 (4th Cir. 1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 (1985) (stating “[t]he importance of the federal interest is such that the duty of fair representation cause of action is governed exclusively by federal law even when the claim is filed in state court.”).
cited
Cited "see"
Lewis v. Ford Motor Co.
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 785 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
First State Orthopaedics v. Concentra, Inc.
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 785-86 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985) (90 class members meet numerosity requirement).
discussed
Cited "see"
Hanover Insurance v. Rapo & Jepsen Insurance Services, Inc.
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 787-788 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 (1985) (“Communications to an attorney to establish a common defense strategy are privileged even though the attorney represents another client with some adverse interests”); Visual Scene, Inc. v. Pilkington Bros., PLC, 508 So. 2d 437, 441 (Fla. Dist.
cited
Cited "see"
In re Microcrystalline Cellulose Antitrust Litigation
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 785 (3d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 343, 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Aquilino v. University of Kansas
(2×)
See id. (citing E.E.O.C. v. Prudential Federal Sav. efe Loan Ass’n, 763 F.2d 1166, 1172 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985)); Daneshvar, 40 F.Supp.2d at 1241 .
discussed
Cited "see"
In re Flat Glass Antitrust Litigation
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 785 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985); In re Fine Paper Antitrust Litig., 685 F.2d 810, 822 (3d Cir.1982), cert. denied sub nom.
cited
Cited "see"
In re Cincinnati Radiation Litigation
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 786 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Spark v. MBNA Corp.
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 785 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, Weinstein v. Eisenberg, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985) (noting that for claims based on securities laws, “[cjlass actions are a particularly appropriate and desirable means to resolve claims”).
cited
Cited "see"
McFeeley v. Florig
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 776 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985); McLean v. Alexander, 599 F.2d 1190, 1197 (3d Cir.1979).
cited
Cited "see"
Death Row Prisoners of Pennsylvania v. Ridge
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 785 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Freedman v. Louisiana-Pacific Corp.
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 785 (3d Cir.1985) (effectiveness of securities laws depend in large part on enforcement through class actions), cert. denied sub nom., 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Newton v. Southern Wood Piedmont Co.
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 786 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Nasim v. Warden, Maryland House of Correction
(2×)
See Peterson v. Air Line Pilots Ass'n, Int’l, 759 F.2d 1161, 1164 (4th Cir.) (“It is well settled that the defense of limitations is waived unless asserted by way of answer or motion”), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985). .
cited
Cited "see"
Roberts v. Heim
Blackie v. Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 902-3 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 816 (1976); accord Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 775 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 (1985); 4 Herbert B.
discussed
Cited "see"
Nivram Corp. v. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Since a forecast “implies a reasonable method of preparation and a valid basis ... it would be ‘untrue’ absent such preparation or basis.” Marx, 507 F.2d at 490 ; see Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 776 (3d Cir.) (error not to instruct jurors that “[a]n opinion or *253 projection, like any other representation, will be untrue if it has no valid basis”) (citations omitted), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Jeffrey L. Heideman v. Wayne Wirsing and Price County, Wisconsin
(2×)
"The test is whether the position held by the individual authorizes, either directly or indirectly, meaningful input into governmental decisionmaking on issues where there is room for principled disagreement on goals or their implementation." Nekolny v. Painter, 653 F.2d 1164, 1170 (7th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1021 , 102 S.Ct. 1719 , 72 L.Ed.2d 139 (1982); accord Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Tom v. Sheahan
See Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Floyd F. Neyman v. United Telecommunications, Inc. United Telephone System, Inc., and United Telephone Company of Kansas
See Prudential, 763 F.2d at 1171 , cert. denied, 474 U.S. at 946.
discussed
Cited "see"
O'Connor v. Steevs
See Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir. 1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 (1985) (cautioning against "unduly myopic view" of "the role of politics in the seemingly apolitical context of universal provision of services").
discussed
Cited "see"
Patrick J. O'COnnOr v. Robert W. Steeves
See Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985) (cautioning against “unduly myopic view” of “the role of politics in the seemingly apolitical context of universal provision of services”).
discussed
Cited "see"
O'Connor v. Steevs
See Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th ___ _______ ________________ Cir. 1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 (1985) (cautioning against _____ ______ "unduly myopic view" of "the role of politics in the seemingly apolitical context of universal provision of services").
discussed
Cited "see"
Simpson v. Specialty Retail Concepts
See, i.e., Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 786 (3d Cir.1985) (citing cases and treatises), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985); Green v. Wolf Corp., 406 F.2d 291, 301 (2nd Cir.1968), cert. denied, 395 U.S. 977 , 89 S.Ct. 2131 , 23 L.Ed.2d 766 (1969).
discussed
Cited "see"
Edgington v. R.G. Dickinson & Co.
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 785 (3rd Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985); 7B Charles A. Wright, et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 1781 at 28 (1986).
cited
Cited "see"
Warren Dill v. Bernhardt Industries, a North Carolina Corporation
See Colon-Sanchez v. Marsh, 733 F.2d 78, 81 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
In re Amerifirst Securities Litigation
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 785 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Leo
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 780 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 346 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985). 5 Kennedy testified about the conclusions he formed while investigating General Electric’s purchasing department files.
discussed
Cited "see"
Rakestraw v. United Airlines, Inc.
(2×)
See Peterson v. Air Line Pilots Ass’n, Int’l, 759 F.2d 1161, 1170-71 (4th Cir.) (where state claim of tortious interference with contract is “essentially identical to the duty of fair representation claim, ... the potential conflict between remedies and administration [of federal and state law] are too great to permit the state claims to stand”), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
In re VMS Securities Litigation
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 785 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985), (“... the effectiveness of the securities laws may depend in large measure on the application of the class action device”), citing Kahan v. Rosenstiel, 424 F.2d 161, 169 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 398 U.S. 950 , 90 S.Ct. 1870 , 26 L.Ed.2d 290 (1970); Grossman v. Waste Management, Inc., 100 F.R.D. 781, 784 (N.D.Ill.1984) (there is a strong policy favoring class actions in securities fraud litigation), citing King v. Kansas City South ena Industries, 519 F.2d 20, 25-26 (7th…
discussed
Cited "see"
Barbara Faughender v. City of North Olmsted, Ohio and M. Yvonne Petragic, Mayor of the City of North Olmsted
(2×)
Accord Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); Jimenez-Fuentes v. Torres-Gaztambide, 807 F.2d 236 (1st Cir.1986) (en banc), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1014 , 107 S.Ct. 1888 , 95 L.Ed.2d 496 (1987); Brown v. Trench, 787 F.2d 167 (3d Cir.1986); Stott v. Haworth, 916 F.2d 134 (4th Cir.1990).
discussed
Cited "see"
ca5 1991
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 775-76 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985); First Virginia Bankshares v. Benson, 559 F.2d 1307, 1318 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 952 , 98 S.Ct. 1580 , 55 L.Ed.2d 802 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Haralson v. E.F. Hutton Group, Inc.
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 775-76 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985); First Virginia Bankshares v. Benson, 559 F.2d 1307, 1318 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 952 , 98 S.Ct. 1580 , 55 L.Ed.2d 802 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
Lohorn v. Michal
Id. (emphasis supplied); see Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 639-40 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Lohorn v. Michal
In sum, the ultimate inquiry is not whether the label "policymaker" or "confidential" fits a particular position; rather, the question is whether the hiring authority can demonstrate that party affiliation is an appropriate requirement for the effective performance of the public office involved. 31 Id. (emphasis supplied); see Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 639-40 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
In Re 3Com Securities Litigation
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770 (3d Cir.1985), cert. denied sub nom., Weinstein v. Eisenberg, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Illinois
(2×)
See generally, EEOC v. Prudential Federal Savings and Loan Ass’n., 763 F.2d 1166, 1169 (10th Cir.1985) cert. denied 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Estate of Detwiler v. Offenbecher
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 776 (3d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (citing Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder, 425 U.S. 185 , 96 S.Ct. 1375 , 47 L.Ed.2d 668 (1976); see also Aaron v. SEC, 446 U.S. 680, 701-02 , 100 S.Ct. 1945, 1958-59 , 64 L.Ed.2d 611 (1980) (“the Commission is required to establish scienter as an element of a civil enforcement action to enjoin violations of ...
cited
Cited "see"
Savage v. Gorski
See Tomczak v. Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 642 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); Ecker v. Cohalan, 542 F.Supp. 896, 901-02 (E.D.N.Y.1982).
cited
Cited "see"
Savage v. Gorski
See Tomczak v. Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 642 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); Ecker v. Cohalan, 542 F.Supp. 896, 901-02 (E.D.N.Y.1982).
cited
Cited "see"
In re Mellon Bank Shareholder Litigation
See, Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770 (3d Cir.) cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Erma Ray v. City of Leeds, and Jack Courson, Individually and in His Capacity as Mayor of the City of Leeds
See Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.) (finding that “an employee’s position is unprotected if, first, there is room for principled disagreement in the decisions reached by the employee and his superiors, and, second, he has meaningful direct or indirect input into the decisionmaking process”), ce rt. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); accord Jimenez Fuentes v. Torres Gaztambide, 807 F.2d 236, 241-42 (1st Cir.1986) (en banc), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 1888 , 95 L.Ed.2d 496 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
United Coal Companies v. Powell Construction Company and Interstate Equipment Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Corporation
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770 , 787-78 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 343 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985); G.
discussed
Cited "see"
Luis O. Juarbe-Angueira v. Luis Rafael Arias, Director of the Public Building Authority
(2×)
See Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946, 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Sheftelman v. Jones
See Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 786-87 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 342 , 88 L.Ed.2d 290 (1985).
Peterson
v.
Air Line Pilots Assn., International
v.
Air Line Pilots Assn., International
No. 85-321.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Nov 4, 1985.
Cited by 2 opinions | Published
C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.