Ger-Shep, Inc. v. United States, 485 U.S. 961 (1988). · Go Syfert
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Ger-Shep, Inc. v. United States, 485 U.S. 961 (1988). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
166 citation events (11 in the last 25 years) across 37 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Network Appliance, Inc. v. Bluearc Corp. (cand, 2005-06-27)
Treatment trajectory · 1988 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1988 2007 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 31 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited "see" Network Appliance, Inc. v. Bluearc Corp.
N.D. Cal. · 2005 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 934 (Fed.Cir.1987) (en banc) (noting that section 112 ¶ 6 "rules out the possibility that any and every means which performs the function specified in the claim literally satisfies that limitation”), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988), and cert. denied, 485 U.S. 1009 , 108 S.Ct. 1474 , 99 L.Ed.2d 703 (1988).
discussed Cited "see" Kustom Signals, Inc. v. Applied Concepts, Inc.
D. Kan. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
Plaintiff has not shown any “subtlety of language or complexity of the technology, nor any subsequent change in the state of the art, such as later-developed technology, [which] obfuscated the significance of this limitation at the time of its incorporation into the claim.” Sage Prods., Inc. v. Devon Indus., Inc., 126 F.3d 1420, 1425 (Fed.Cir.1997); see Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 938 (Fed.Cir.1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988).
cited Cited "see" Laser Technology, Inc. v. Nikon, Inc.
D. Colo. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 935 (Fed.Cir.1987) (en banc), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961, 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988) (overruled on other grounds).
discussed Cited "see" Kustom Signals, Inc. v. Applied Concepts, Inc.
D. Kan. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
Plaintiff has not shown any “subtlety of language or complexity of the technology, nor any subsequent change in the state of the art, such as later-developed technology, [which] obfuscated the significance of this limitation at the time of its incorporation into the claim.” Sage Prods., Inc. v. Devon Indus., Inc., 126 F.3d 1420, 1425 (Fed.Cir.1997); see Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 938 (Fed.Cir.1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988).
discussed Cited "see" Texas Instruments Incorporated v. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, Lsi Logic Corporation, and Vlsi Technology, Inc.
Fed. Cir. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Way land, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 935 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1739-40 (Fed.Cir.1987) (in banc), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988); 7 see also Athletic Alternatives, Inc. v. Prince Mfg., Inc., 73 F.3d 1573, 1582 , 37 USPQ2d 1365, 1373 (Fed.Cir.1996) (applying the Pennwalt rule after our in banc decision in Hilton Davis).
cited Cited "see" Loral Fairchild Corp. v. Victor Co. of Japan, Ltd.
E.D.N.Y · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 935 (Fed.Cir.1987) (en banc), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988); Dolly, 16 F.3d at 398 .
cited Cited "see" Davies v. United States
Fed. Cl. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 935 (Fed.Cir.1987) (en banc), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988).
discussed Cited "see" Messerschmidt v. United States
Fed. Cl. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 934 (Fed.Cir. 1987) (“[A court] must find equivalent structure as well as identity of claimed function for that structure.”), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988).
discussed Cited "see" Katz v. AIWA America, Inc.
D.N.J. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 935 (Fed.Cir.1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988) and 485 U.S. 1009 , 108 S.Ct. 1474 , 99 L.Ed.2d 703 (1988).
discussed Cited "see" Atlantic Thermoplastics Co., Inc., James B. Sullivan and Richard B. Fox v. Faytex Corporation, Defendant/cross-Appellant
Fed. Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 935 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1739-40 (Fed.Cir.1987) (in banc), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 , cert. denied, 485 U.S. 1009 , 108 S.Ct. 1474 , 99 L.Ed.2d 703 (1988); Per-kin-Elmer Corp. v. Westinghouse Elec., 822 F.2d 1528, 1533 , 3 USPQ2d 1321, 1325 (Fed.Cir.1987); Lemelson v. United States, 752 F.2d 1538, 1551 , 224 USPQ 526, 533 (Fed.Cir. 1985).
discussed Cited "see" Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.
E.D. Pa. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See, Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 934 (Fed.Cir.1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988); Texas Instruments, Inc. v. I.T.C., 805 F.2d 1558, 1562 (Fed.Cir.1986).
discussed Cited "see" Unique Concepts, Inc., and Floyd M. Baslow v. Kevin Brown D/B/A Creative Walls, Templar and Schram, and World Plastics Extruders, Inc. (2×)
Fed. Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 934 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1739 (Fed.Cir.1987) (en banc), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988).
cited Cited "see" Key Manufacturing Group, Inc. v. Microdot, Inc.
Fed. Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931 , 934 n. 1, 4 USPQ2d, 1737, 1739 n. 1 (Fed.Cir.1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988).
discussed Cited "see" George W. Jurgens and Margaret M. Jurgens v. Timothy McKasy D/B/A Tonka Marketing and Cbk, Ltd.
Fed. Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 936 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1740-41 (Fed.Cir.1987) (equivalency of claim limitations and accused structure is a question of fact), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988).
cited Cited "see" Zmi Corporation v. Physio-Control Corporation, Defendant/cross-Appellant
Fed. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 934 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1740 (Fed.Cir.1987), cert. denied, 108 S.Ct. 1226 (1988).
cited Cited "see" Black & Decker, Inc. Black & Decker (u.s.), Inc. And Cic Int'l Corp. v. Hoover Service Center, and the Hoover Company
Fed. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 935 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1740 (Fed.Cir.1987), cer t. denied, — U.S. - and -, 108 S.Ct. 1226 and 1474, 99 L.Ed.2d 426 and 703 (1988).
discussed Cited "see" Sun Studs, Inc. v. Ata Equipment Leasing, Inc., Applied Theory, Inc. And U.S. Natural Resources, Inc., Defendants/cross-Appellants
Fed. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931 , 4 USPQ2d 1737 (Fed.Cir.1987) (in banc), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 1474, 99 L.Ed.2d 426 , 703 (1988) (holding that the omission of a claimed function and its substantial equivalent avoided infringement).
discussed Cited "see" Richardson v. Suzuki Motor Co., Ltd.
Fed. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 934-35 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1739 (Fed.Cir.1987), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988), and cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 108 S.Ct. 1474 , 99 L.Ed.2d 703 (1988); Texas Instruments, Inc. v. United States Int'l Trade Comm'n, 805 F.2d 1558, 1569-70 , 231 USPQ 833, 840 (Fed.Cir.1986), reh'g denied, 846 F.2d 1369 , 6 USPQ2d 1886 (Fed.Cir.1988). 88 We conclude that the jury verdicts, viewed in light of the instructions, held that the Suzuki motorcycles with a rising rate infringed claim 9.
cited Cited "see" Labounty Manufacturing, Inc. v. United States International Trade Commission, and Dudley Shearing MacHine Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Intervenor
Fed. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 934 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1739 (Fed.Cir.1987) (in banc), cert. denied, — U.S. -, -, 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 1474, 99 L.Ed.2d 426 , 703 (1988).
discussed Cited "see" Richardson v. Suzuki Motor Co.
Fed. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 934-35 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1739 (Fed.Cir.1987), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988), and cert. denied, — U.S. -, 108 S.Ct. 1474 , 99 L.Ed.2d 703 (1988); Texas Instruments, Inc. v. United States Int’l Trade Comm’n, 805 F.2d 1558, 1569-70 , 231 USPQ 833, 840 (Fed.Cir.1986), reh’g denied, 846 F.2d 1369 , 6 USPQ2d 1886 (Fed.Cir.1988).
discussed Cited "see" Smithkline Diagnostics, Inc. v. Helena Laboratories Corporation, Defendant/cross-Appellant
Fed. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 935 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1739-40 (Fed.Cir.1987) (in banc), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 , (1988), — U.S. -, 108 S.Ct. 1474 , 99 L.Ed.2d 703 (1988).
cited Cited "see" Intra Corporation and Eagle Technologies, Inc. v. Hamar Laser Instruments, Inc., Defendant-Cross-Appellant
Fed. Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 935 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1739-40 (Fed.Cir.1987) (in banc), cert. denied, 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 1474 (1988).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Altech Controls Corp. v. E.I.L. Instruments, Inc.
S.D. Tex. · 1999 · signal: see also · confidence low
Id.; see also Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 934 (Fed.Cir.1987) (en banc) (“To determine whether a claim limitation is met literally, where expressed as a means for performing a stated function, the court must compare the accused structure with the disclosed structure, and must find equivalent structure as well as identity of claimed function for the structure”), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." In Re Donaldson Company, Inc
Fed. Cir. · 1994 · signal: see also · confidence low
D.M.I., Inc. v. Deere & Co., 755 F.2d 1570, 1575 , 225 USPQ 236, 239 (Fed.Cir.1985); see also Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 933-34 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1741 (Fed.Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988). 9 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Judin v. United States
Fed. Cl. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
Becton, 922 F.2d at 798 n. 3 (quoting Union Water Meter Co. v. Desper, 101 U.S. 332, 337 , 25 L.Ed. 1024 (1880)); see also Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 949-54 (Fed.Cir.1987) (Nies, J., concurring), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 , and cert. denied, 485 U.S. 1009 , 108 S.Ct. 1474 , 99 L.Ed.2d 703 (1988). [A] court may not, under the guise of applying the doctrine of equivalents, erase a plethora of meaningful structural and functional limitations of the claim on which the public is entitled to rely in avoiding infringement.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Malta v. Schulmerich Carillons, Inc.
Fed. Cir. · 1992 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931 , 4 USPQ2d 1737 (Fed.Cir.1987) (en banc ), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988) (requiring presence of every claim element, literally or by an equivalent) with Graver Tank, 339 U.S. at 607-08 , 70 S.Ct. at 855-56 , 85 USPQ at 330 (equivalency is determined of the invention as a whole).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Malta v. Schulmerich Carillons, Inc.
Fed. Cir. · 1991 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931 , 4 USPQ2d 1737 (Fed.Cir.1987) (en banc), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 961 , 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988) (requiring presence of every claim element, literally or by an equivalent) with Graver Tank, 339 U.S. at 607-08 , 70 S.Ct. at 855-56 , 85 USPQ at 330 (equivalency is determined of the invention as a whole).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Estate of Stoller v. Ford Motor Co.
N.D. Ill. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 934 , 4 U.S.P.Q.2d 1737, 1739 (Fed.Cir.1987) (en banc) (stating two-part test in infringement case), cert. denied, — U.S. -, -, 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 1474, 99 L.Ed.2d 426 , 703 (1988).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Deuterium Corp. v. United States
Ct. Cl. · 1989 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 934 (Fed.Cir.1987), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988), with Nestier Corp. v. Menasha Corp., 739 F.2d 1576 (Fed.Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1053 , 105 S.Ct. 1756 , 84 L.Ed.2d 819 (1985). .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Corning Glass Works v. Sumitomo Electric U.S.A.
Fed. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
Although each claim limitation may not literally be found in the accused structure, the "substantially the same way" prong of the Graver Tank test is met if an equivalent of a recited limitation has been substituted in the accused device, see Graver Tank, 339 U.S. at 610 , 70 S.Ct. at 857 ; see also Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 937 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1741 (Fed.Cir.1987) (in banc), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 1474, 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988); Perkin-Elmer Corp., 822 F.2d at 1533 , 3 USPQ2d at 1325; Atlas Powder Co. v. E.I.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Corning Glass Works v. Sumitomo Electric U.S.A., Inc.
Fed. Cir. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
Although each claim limitation may not literally be found in the accused structure, the “substantially the same way” prong of the Graver Tank test is met if an equivalent of a recited limitation has been substituted in the accused device, see Graver Tank, 339 U.S. at 610 , 70 S.Ct. at 857 ; see also Pennwalt Corp. v. Durand-Wayland, Inc., 833 F.2d 931, 937 , 4 USPQ2d 1737, 1741 (Fed.Cir.1987) (in banc), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 108 S.Ct. 1226 , 1474, 99 L.Ed.2d 426 (1988); Perkin-Elmer Corp., 822 F.2d at 1533 , 3 USPQ2d at 1325; Atlas Powder Co. v. E.I.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Ger-Shep, Inc.
v.
United States KLP, Inc. v. United States McMinn's Asphalt Co., Inc. v. United States McMinn's Asphalt Products, Inc. v. United States Schell v. United States and Sweigart v. United States
No. 87-1223.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Mar 21, 1988.
485 U.S. 961
Published

C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.