green
Positive treatment
5.4 score
Treatment trajectory · 1990 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1990
2008
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 20 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Shahar v. Bowers
(2×)
But see Watkins v. U.S. Army, 875 F.2d 699, 728 (9th Cir.1989) (en banc) (Norris, J., concurring in judgment and declaring homosexuals to be a suspect class), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990).
discussed
Cited "but see"
Dendalee McBee v. Joseph Abramajtys
Cf. Prihoda v. McCaughtry, 910 F.2d 1379, 1382-83 (7th Cir.1990); Harmon v. Barton, 894 F.2d 1268, 1272-74 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 111 S.Ct. 96 , 112 L.Ed.2d 68 (1990); but see Nunnemaker v. Ylst, 904 F.2d 473 (9th Cir.1990), cert. granted, — U.S. —, 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 394 (1990).
discussed
Cited "see"
Rocha v. United States
See Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699, 707 (9th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990) (“Before the government will be estopped .. .- two additional elements must be satisfied beyond those required for traditional es-toppel.
discussed
Cited "see"
Marshall v. City of Atlanta (In re Air Terminal Enterprises, Inc.)
The open-ended standard requires a showing that the criminal conduct is likely to occur in the future, as when predicate acts constitute a regular way of doing business such that they “amount to or pose a threat of continued criminal activity.” Windsor Plumbing, supra, 170 B.R. at 533, quoting Northwestern Bell, supra, 492 U.S. at 239 , 109 S.Ct. at 2900-2901 ; accord United States v. Hobson, 893 F.2d 1267 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990) (single defendant convicted for single shipment of controlled substance); see also United States v. Churc…
discussed
Cited "see"
Marshall v. City of Atlanta
The open-ended standard requires a showing that the criminal conduct is likely to occur in the future, as when predicate acts constitute a regular way of doing business such that they "amount to or pose a threat of continued criminal activity." Windsor Plumbing, supra, 170 B.R. at 533, quoting Northwestern Bell, supra, 492 U.S. at 239 , 109 S.Ct. at 2900-2901 ; accord United States v. Hobson, 893 F.2d 1267 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990) (single defendant convicted for single shipment of controlled substance); see also United States v. Church, 9…
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Richard W. Johnson Ruth E. Johnson
See Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699, 707 (9th Cir.1989) (en banc), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990).
cited
Cited "see"
Meinhold v. United States Department of Defense
See Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699, 705 (9th Cir.1989) (en banc), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990).
discussed
Cited "see"
Volker Keith Meinhold v. United States Department of Defense United States Department of the Navy, Volker Keith Meinhold v. United States Department of Defense United States Department of the Navy
See Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699, 705 (9th Cir.1989) (en banc), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990). 11 DOD suggests that instead of finding that it had conceded futility, the district court should have found that exhaustion was required based on Meinhold's "concession" that constitutional arguments need not be reached because his nonconstitutional arguments mandate reinstatement.
cited
Cited "see"
STATE, DEPT. OF HEALTH v. Cox
See Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699, 724-28 (9th Cir.1989) (Norris, J., concurring), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990).
cited
Cited "see"
Meinhold v. United States Department of Defense
See, Watkins v. U.S. Army, 875 F.2d 699, 705 (9th Cir.1989) (en banc), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990).
cited
Cited "see"
Schowengerdt v. United States
See Watkins v. U.S. Army, 875 F.2d 699, 716-717 (9th Cir.1989) (en banc) (Norris, concurring), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990); Beller v. Middendorf, 632 F.2d at 807 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Richard Neal Schowengerdt v. United States of America Department of the Navy John F. Lehman, Jr., Sec. Of the Navy General Dynamics Corporation C.W. Kessel K.D. Tillotson Carl W. Jensen Richard S. Day, Richard Neal Schowengerdt v. United States of America Department of the Navy John F. Lehman, Jr., Sec. Of the Navy
See Watkins v. U.S. Army, 875 F.2d 699, 716-717 (9th Cir.1989) (en banc) (Norris, concurring), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990); Beller v. Middendorf, 632 F.2d at 807 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health
(2×)
See, e.g., Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699, 725 (9th Cir.1989) (Norris, J., concurring in the judgment) ("[s]exual orientation plainly has no relevance to a person's ability to perform or contribute to society" [internal quotation marks omitted]), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990); Equality Foundation of Greater Cincinnati, Inc. v. Cincinnati, 860 F.Supp. 417, 437 (S.D.Ohio 1994) ("[S]exual orientation . . . bears no relation whatsoever to an individual's ability to perform, or to participate in, or contribute to, society. . . .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Snetsinger v. Montana University System
(2×)
See, e.g., Watkins v. United States Army (9th Cir. 1989), 875 F.2d 699, 724-28 (Norris, J., concurring), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990); High Tech Gays v. Defense Indus.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Able v. United States
See Cleburne, 473 U.S. at 443 n. 10, 105 S.Ct. at 3256 n. 10; see also Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699, 725 (9th Cir.1989) (Norris, J., concurring) (citing cases), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
70 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 44,721, 97 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 1038, 97 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 2848, 97 Daily Journal D.A.R. 1551, 97 Daily Journal D.A.R. 5031 Mark A. Philips v. William Perry, Secretary of Defense John Dalton, Secretary of the Navy M.B. Margosian, Commanding Officer, Transient Personnel Unit, Puget Sound
Romer, 517 U.S. at ---- - ----, 116 S.Ct. at 1627-29; id. at ----, 116 S.Ct. at 1629 (Scalia, J., dissenting) (criticizing the majority for this reason); see also Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699, 716-20 (9th Cir.1989) (en banc) (Norris, J., concurring) (rejecting the Army's argument that Bowers v. Hardwick forecloses a gay service member's equal protection claim), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990); Cass R.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Philips v. Perry
Romer , — U.S. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 1627-29 ; id. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 1629 (Scalia, J., dissenting) (criticizing the majority for this reason); see also Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699, 716-20 (9th Cir.1989) (en banc) (Norris, J., concurring) (rejecting the Army’s argument that Bowers v. Hardwick forecloses a gay service member's equal protection claim), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990); Cass R.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Robertson Oil Company, Inc. v. Phillips Petroleum Company
(2×)
Id.; see also Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699, 704-05 n. 8 (9th Cir.1989) (law of the case doctrine does not prevent the court which rehears a second appeal en banc from overruling the decision of the panel that decided the first appeal), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 957 , 111 S.Ct. 384 , 112 L.Ed.2d 395 (1990); Shimman v. International Union of Operating Eng’rs, Local 18, 744 F.2d 1226 , 1229 n. 3 (6th Cir.1984) (law of the case doctrine does not impair the power of an en banc court to overrule any panel decision), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1215 , 105 S.Ct. 1191 , 84 L.Ed.2d 337 (1985); …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Bates
See United States v. Gillespie, 852 F.2d 475, 478-79 (9th Cir.1988) (evidence of homosexuality in prosecution involving child molestation is “extremely prejudicial” and not relevant to the offense charged); Note, An Argument for the Application of Equal Protection Heightened Scrutiny to Classifications Based on Homosexuality, 57 S.Cal.L.Rev. 797, 821-24 (1984) (belief that homosexuals are attracted to children is a baseless and prejudicial stereotype); see also Watkins v. United States Army, 875 F.2d 699, 725 (9th Cir.1989) (Norris, J., concurring) (baseless stereotypes cause discriminatio…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Carroll Lee Moore v. David A. Garraghty, Warden
Compare Prihoda v. McCaughtry, 910 F.2d 1379 (7th Cir.1990) ("the state court whose explanation matters is the last to write an opinion"), with Barker v. Estelle, 913 F.2d 1433 , 1436-37 & n. 3 (9th Cir.1990) (federal review on the merits not precluded when the state's highest court summarily denies an original habeas petition), and Nunnemaker v. Ylst, 904 F.2d 473 (9th Cir.), cert. granted, 111 S.Ct. 384 (Nov. 5, 1990) (same). 10 Here, the last state court to write an opinion on Moore's case was the Circuit Court of Hanover County, which denied his petition for habeas relief, relying in part …
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Palmer
v.
Gunter
v.
Gunter
No. 89-5586.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Nov 5, 1990.
Published
C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.