discussed Cited "see" Picard v. J. Ezra Merkin, Gabriel Capital, L.P. (In re Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC) “Willful blindness,” on the other hand, involves two elements: “(1) the defendant must subjectively believe that there is a high probability that a fact exists and (2) the defendant must take deliberate actions to avoid learning of that fact.” Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S. A., — U.S. -, 131 S.Ct. 2060, 2070 , 179 L.Ed.2d 1167 (2011) (emphasis added). 15 If a person who is not under an independent duty to investigate “nonetheless, intentionally chooses to blind himself to the ‘red flags’ that suggest a high probability of fraud, his ‘willful blindness’ to the truth …