green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 2×
9.3 score
“the racketeering acts must have been connected to each other by some common scheme, plan or motive so as to constitute a pattern and not simply a series of disconnected acts.”
Treatment trajectory · 1976 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1976
2001
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 26 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Superior Oil Company v. Huey Fulmer James Branch Roy Nichols and Any Other Persons Claiming an Interest in Property Described Further in These Pleadings, Superior Oil Company v. Huey Fulmer James Branch Roy Nichols and Any Other Persons Claiming an Interest in Property Described Further in These Pleadings
the racketeering acts must have been connected to each other by some common scheme, plan or motive so as to constitute a pattern and not simply a series of disconnected acts.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Allington v. Carpenter
the racketeering acts must have been connected with each other by some common scheme, plan or motive
cited
Cited as authority (rule)
State of Iowa v. Tony E. Doolin
In 1977, the Supreme Court considered another challenge to eyewitness identification in Manson, 432 U.S. 98 , 97 S. Ct. 66 2243.
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Lund
(2×)
See United States v. Oates, 560 F.2d 45, 62 (2d Cir.1977) (observing that “to ‘substantial dealers in narcotics’ firearms are as much ‘tools of the trade’ as are most commonly recognized articles of narcotics paraphernalia” (quoting United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976))).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Gabriel Alvarez, Gustavo Holguin, Leovigilda Rivera, Humberto Olivares Castrellon and Oneyda Zambrana
(2×)
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.) (courts recognize that narcotics laws offenders routinely use weapons to protect their illegal investment), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Albert Taylor, United States of America v. Antonio Nigo-Martinez and Salvador Jaraba, United States of America v. Paul Clemenic, United States of America v. Jerald Wilson, United States of America v. Jerry Rosenstein and Donald Sanders
See United States v. Stofsky, 527 F.2d 237, 247-48 (2d Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 819 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976); Wax v. Motley, 510 F.2d 318, 321 (2d Cir.1975); Marrapese, 610 F.Supp. at 1010 ; Ramsey v. Hand, 185 Kan. 350 , 343 P.2d 225, 233 , cert. denied, 362 U.S. 970 , 80 S.Ct. 956 , 4 L.Ed.2d 901 (1960) 16 The fact that the 1984 Grand Jury did not appear before Judge McGarr from March 18 until April 1, 1986, Smith, No. 86 CR 272, slip op. at 3, does not contradict Judge McGarr's finding that he determined in March of 1986 that the Grand Jury had not finished its business…
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Taylor
See United States v. Stofsky, 527 F.2d 237, 247-48 (2d Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 819 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976); Wax v. Motley, 510 F.2d 318, 321 (2d Cir.1975); Marrapese, 610 F.Supp. at 1010 ; Ramsey v. Hand, 185 Kan. 350 , 343 P.2d 225, 233 , cert. denied, 362 U.S. 970 , 80 S.Ct. 956 , 4 L.Ed.2d 901 (1960). .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. William Ferreira
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976) (involving importation and distribution of narcotics); United States v. Campanile, 516 F.2d 288, 292 (2d Cir.1975) (admitting a gun as relevant to *7 intent; defendant had admitted that he took the gun with him and, while it was not used during the theft, “having it along would appear to be a form of criminal insurance for the success of the venture”).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Alex Ortiz
See Solem v. Helm, supra. Even ignoring the violence typically associated with narcotics operations, see, e.g., United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976), heroin dealing can readily lead to violence, theft, robbery, or the like on the part of a buyer to support his habit.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Willie Terry, United States of America v. Eric Nalven, Robert Guippone, Willard Williams, Onzelo Markum, Clarence Haynes, Saint Julian Harrison, Paul Jenkins, and Anthony Michael Porcelli, Defendants
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976). 65 Under the circumstances we cannot say that the trial judge's determination was irrational.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Terry
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F. 2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
Crowl v. State
(2×)
See United States v. Harper, 530 F.2d 828 , 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed. 80 ; United States v. Wheaton, 557 F.2d 275 (1 Cir. 1977); United States v. Solow, 574 F.2d 1318 (5 Cir. 1978); United States v. Lane, 574 F.2d 1019 (10 Cir. 1978), cert. denied 439 U.S. 867 , 99 S.Ct. 193 , 58 L.Ed.2d 177 ; United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21 (2 Cir. 1979); United States v. Stieren, 608 F.2d 1135 (8 Cir. 1979).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Esposito
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 17 (2 Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1977).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Carlos-Vasquez Santiago and Elmer Colon
See Delaware v. Prouse, supra, at- and n. 8., 99 S.Ct. 1391 at 1396 , 59 L.Ed.2d 660 . 4 Appellants also challenge the search of the blue suitcase carried by Vasquez-Santiago because, allegedly, no consent was given for the warrantless search. 5 While claims of consent given for a search by an individual in official custody should be scrutinized with care, United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 17 (2d Cir.), cert. den ied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976), the fact of custody alone is not enough to demonstrate involuntariness of consent.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Martin
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), Cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Martin
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Frank Viserto, Jr., Richard Rocco, Joseph Solce, Garnet Johnson, Sarah Payne, Howard Williams and Prentiss Covington
See United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976); United States v. Grant, 545 F.2d 1309, 1312-13 (2d Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1103 , 97 S.Ct. 1130 , 51 L.Ed.2d 554 (1977); cf. United States v. Ravich, 421 F.2d 1196, 1204-05 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 400 U.S. 834 , 91 S.Ct. 69 , 27 L.Ed.2d 66 (1970).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Biaggi
Rule 33 motions for a new trial “are granted only with great caution ... in the most extraordinary circumstances.” Sanders v. Sullivan, 863 F.2d 218, 225 (2d Cir.1988) (citing U.S. v. DiPaolo, 835 F.2d 46, 49 (2d Cir.1987); see also U.S. v. Stofsky, 527 F.2d 237, 243 (2d Cir.1975), cert. den. 429 U.S. 819 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Robinson
See also United States v. Martinez, 938 F.2d 1078, 1083 (10th Cir.1991) (testimony regarding possession of guns and scales is admissible as “ ‘tools of the trade’ — that is, means for the distribution of illegal drugs”) (citing United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976)); United States v. Young, 745 F.2d 733, 761 (2d Cir.1984) (expert testimony was permissible “to explain physical evidence [of heroin manufacturing paraphernalia] that was in the case”), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1084 , 105 S.Ct. 1842 , 85 L.Ed.2…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States of America, Plaintiff-Appellee/cross-Appellant v. Deshawn Lee Robinson A/K/A Leland Kirk, Defendant-Appellant/cross-Appellee. United States of America v. Jeffrey Meekes A/K/A Orris Weathington, United States of America v. Keith Jackson A/K/A Kevin McElhannon
See also United States v. Martinez, 938 F.2d 1078, 1083 (10th Cir.1991) (testimony regarding possession of guns and scales is admissible as " 'tools of the trade'--that is, means for the distribution of illegal drugs") (citing United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976)); United States v. Young, 745 F.2d 733, 761 (2d Cir.1984) (expert testimony was permissible "to explain physical evidence [of heroin manufacturing paraphernalia] that was in the case"), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1084 , 105 S.Ct. 1842 , 85 L.Ed.2d 142 (1985). 3…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Groves
(2×)
See, also, United States v. LaGuardia, 774 F.2d 317 (8th Cir.1985). "`Experience on the trial and appellate benches has taught that substantial dealers in narcotics keep firearms on their premises as tools of the trade almost to the same extent as they keep scales, glassine bags, cutting equipment and other narcotics equipment.'" Milham, supra at 721 (quoting United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15 (2d Cir.1976), cert. denied 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 ).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Jesus Martinez
See, e.g., United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15, 18 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Medallion TV Enterprises, Inc. v. SelecTV of California, Inc.
Id.; see also United States v. Stofsky, 409 F.Supp. 609, 614 (S.D.N.Y.1973), aff 'd, 527 F.2d 237 (2d Cir.1975), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 819 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976); cf. 18 U.S.C. § 3575 (e) (“criminal conduct forms a pattern if it embraces criminal acts that have the same or similar purposes, results, participants, victims, or methods of commission, or otherwise are interrelated by distinguishing characteristics and are not isolated events”).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Steven Ira Solow
See, e. g., United States v. Harper, 530 F.2d 828 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976); United States v. Smaldone, 484 F.2d 311 (10th Cir. 1973), cert. denied, 415 U.S. 915 , 94 S.Ct. 1411 , 39 L.Ed.2d 469 (1974).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Cecil Robinson
See also United States v. Wiener, 534 F.2d 15 (2d Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 820 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 (1976) (loaded gun found with narcotics in burlap bag in apartment of defendant charged with narcotics law violations admitted “as tools of the trade”); United States v. Campanile, 516 F.2d 288 (2d Cir. 1975) (admission of Luger handgun seized upon search upheld); United States v. Walters, 477 F.2d 386, 388-89 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 1007 , 94 S.Ct. 368 , 38 L.Ed.2d 245 (1973); United States v. McKinley, 158 U.S.App.D.C. 280 , 485 F.2d 1059 (1973); Walker v. Uni…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Mallah
See also United States v. Stofsky, 527 F.2d 237, 244-5 (2d Cir. 1975), petition for cert. denied, 429 U.S. 819 , 97 S.Ct. 66 , 50 L.Ed.2d 80 ; United States v. Roberts, 388 F.2d 646, 648 (2d Cir. 1968).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Missouri Pacific Railroad Co.
v.
White
v.
White
No. 75-1543.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 4, 1976.
Published
Citer courts: Eighth Circuit (1) · C.D. California (1)
C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.