Rizzo v. Rosenthal, 434 U.S. 892 (1977). · Go Syfert
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Rizzo v. Rosenthal, 434 U.S. 892 (1977). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
69 citation events across 13 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Ritter v. Cohen (ca3, 1986-07-23)
Treatment trajectory · 1977 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1977 2001 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 8 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited "see" Ritter v. Cohen
3rd Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosenthal v. Rizzo, 555 F.2d 390, 392 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 892 , 98 S.Ct. 268 , 54 L.Ed.2d 178 (1977).
cited Cited "see" Ritter v. Cohen
3rd Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rosenthal v. Rizzo, 555 F.2d 390, 392 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 892 , 98 S.Ct. 268 , 54 L.Ed.2d 178 (1977).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Rufus Graham
8th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Kershman, 555 F.2d 198, 200 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 892 , 98 S.Ct. 268 , 54 L.Ed.2d 178 (1977).
cited Cited "see" Gannon v. Daley
N.D. Ill. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Nekolny, 653 F.2d at 1169 (citing Rosenthal v. Rizzo, 555 F.2d 390 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 892 , 98 S.Ct. 268 , 54 L.Ed.2d 178 (1977)). 22 .
cited Cited "see" United States v. Wallace H. Eckmann
8th Cir. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Kershman, 555 F.2d 198, 200 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 892 , 98 S.Ct. 268 , 54 L.Ed.2d 178 (1977).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Richard Seelig, Terry Hawkins, and Donald Primmer
6th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Kershman, 555 F.2d 198, 200-201 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S 892, 98 S.Ct. 268 , 54 L.Ed.2d 178 (1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Boyle v. County of Allegheny
3rd Cir. · 1998 · signal: see also · confidence low
The “burden of proof is on the defendant to demonstrate ‘an overriding interest’ in order to validate an encroachment on an employee’s First Amendment rights.” Zold, 935 F.2d at 635 (quoting Elrod, 427 U.S. at 368 , 96 S.Ct. at 2687 ); see also Rosenthal v. Rizzo, 555 F.2d 390 , 394 n. 5 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 892 , 98 S.Ct. 268 , 54 L.Ed.2d 178 (1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Boyle v. County Of Allegheny Pennsylvania
3rd Cir. · 1998 · signal: see also · confidence low
These cases require courts to focus on various factors, including whether an employee is a "nonpolicymaking, nonconfidential government employee," Elrod, 427 U.S. at 375 , 96 S.Ct. at 2690 (Stewart, J., concurring), whether a difference in party affiliation would be "highly likely to cause an official to be ineffective in carrying out" the duties of the position, Ness, 660 F.2d at 521 , whether "the employee has meaningful input into decision making concerning the nature and scope of a major ... program," Brown, 787 F.2d at 169-70 , or whether the employee "acts as an advisor or formulates pla…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Rizzo, Mayor of Philadelphia
v.
Rosenthal
No. 77-302.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 11, 1977.
434 U.S. 892
Published

C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.