green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
12.3 score
G Cite
cited 6× by 1 distinct case ·
"Silly Sympathies" in adult comic books did not infringe on Disney's "Silly Symphonies"
Treatment trajectory · 1979 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1979
2002
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 49 distinct citers.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Vanna White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc., a New York Corporation, and David Deutsch Associates, Inc., a New York Corporation
(2×)
silly sympathies" in adult comic books did not infringe on disney's "silly symphonies
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Riley D. Funches
See United States v. Watson, 587 F.2d 365, 367 (7th Cir.1978) (recognizing inherent suggestiveness of show-ups), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1055 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979); United States v. Watkins, 741 F.2d 692, 694 (5th Cir.1984) (same); Allen v. Estelle, 568 F.2d 1108 , 1112 n. 7 (5th Cir.1978) (collecting cases).
cited
Cited "see"
Dr. Seuss Enterprises, L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc.
See Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 759 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979). 11 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Bayer v. United States
An aiding and abetting conviction will stand when facts show that the appellants “in some [way] associated themselves] with the venture, that [they] participated] in it as in something that [they] wish[ed] to bring about, that [they sought] by [their] aetion[s] to make it succeed.” Bailey v. United States, 135 U.S.App.D.C. 95, 98 , 416 F.2d 1110, 1113 (1969); see Hackney v. United States, 389 A.2d 1336, 1342 (D.C.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Thomas Alfred Flanagan
(2×)
See United States v. Askew, 584 F.2d 960, 963 (10th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
State v. Miller
See United States v. Askew, 584 F.2d 960 (10th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Ernest Frank Clark and Eric Griffin
See United States v. Watson, 587 F.2d 365, 367 (7th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1055 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
Brooks v. United States
See Hackney v. United States, 389 A.2d 1336, 1342 (D.C.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979). .
cited
Cited "see"
People v. Larson
See United States v. Askew, 584 F.2d 960 (10th Cir.1978), ce rt. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
Abend v. MCA, Inc.
See Walt Disney Prods. v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 754 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979). .
discussed
Cited "see"
Abend v. McA, Inc.
See Walt Disney Prods. v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 754 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979) 20 Ordinarily a denial of a motion for summary judgment is not a final order and thus not appealable. 28 U.S.C.
discussed
Cited "see"
ca9 1988
See Walt Disney Prods. v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 755 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979). "[M]any literary characters may embody little more than an unprotected idea [while] a comic book character, which has physical as well as conceptual qualities, is more likely to contain some unique elements of expression." Id.
discussed
Cited "see"
Olson v. National Broadcasting Co. Inc.
See Walt Disney Prods. v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 755 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979). “[M]any literary characters may embody little more than an unprotected idea [while] a comic book character, which has physical as well as conceptual qualities, is more likely to contain some unique elements of expression.” Id.
discussed
Cited "see"
New Line Cinema Corp. v. Bertlesman Music Group, Inc.
See Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 757 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979) (due to widespread public recognition of Disney characters, very little was necessary to conjure them up).
discussed
Cited "see"
Bartley v. United States
(2×)
Id. at 312; see Hackney v. United States, 389 A.2d 1336 (D.C.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979) (evidence of a cover-up plan inferentially proved appellant's identity).
discussed
Cited "see"
Baxter v. McA, Inc.
See Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1978); Universal Pictures v. Harold Lloyd, 162 F.2d 354 (9th Cir.1947); Heim v. Universal Pictures Co., 154 F.2d 480, 488 (single brief phrase so idiosyncratic as to preclude coincidence might suffice to show copying) (dictum); Fred Fisher, Inc. v. Dillingham, 298 F. 145 (S.D.N.Y.1924) (L.
discussed
Cited "see"
Baxter v. MCA, Inc.
See Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1978); Universal Pictures v. Harold Lloyd, 162 F.2d 354 (9th Cir.1947); Heim v. Universal Pictures Co., 154 F.2d 480, 488 (single brief phrase so idiosyncratic as to preclude coincidence might suffice to show copying) (dictum); Fred Fisher, Inc. v. Dillingham, 298 F. 145 (S.D.N.Y.1924) (L.
discussed
Cited "see"
Ali v. United States
(2×)
See Hackney v. United States, 389 A.2d 1336, 1345 (D.C.1978) (coverup scheme), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 (1979); Davis v. United States, 367 A.2d 1254, 1262-63 (D.C.1976) (offenses committed independently without unitary goal), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 847 , 98 S.Ct. 154 , 54 L.Ed.2d 114 (1977). 1 The government, by failing to argue before the trial court, as it does on appeal, that an alternative theory for the admission of the evidence was to show appellant’s predisposition, denied appellant an opportunity to object, 2 and left the jury without proper instruction on the limited use of this…
cited
Cited "see"
Harvey Cartoons v. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc.
See Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 754 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979).
examined
Cited "see"
Marvin Fisher D/B/A Marvin Music Company and Jack Segal v. Rick Dees, Atlantic Recording Corporation, Warner Communications, Inc.
(3×)
See discussion, supra. Accordingly, in Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979), we gave the Benny opinion a nar *436 row interpretation and acknowledged that parody is a potential fair use subject to the multi-factor analysis codified in. section 107.
discussed
Cited "see"
Commonwealth v. Boden
(2×)
"An arrest may be accomplished by `any act that indicates an intention to take [a person] into custody and that subjects him to the actual control and will of the person making the arrest.'" Commonwealth v. Bosurgi, 411 Pa. 56, 68 , 190 A.2d 304, 311 , cert. denied, 375 U.S. 910 , 84 S.Ct. 204 , 11 L.Ed.2d 149 (1963), quoting 5 Am.Jur.2d, Arrest, § 1; see Commonwealth v. Silo, 480 Pa. 15 , 389 A.2d 62 (1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1053 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
Commonwealth v. Rispo
(2×)
Accord, Commonwealth v. Eliff, supra, 300 Pa.Superior Ct. at 438-39, 446 A.2d at 934-35 . “[T]he burden is upon the Commonwealth to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that a search and seizure did not violate the fourth amendment.” Commonwealth v. Silo, 480 Pa. 15, 21 , 389 A.2d 62, 65 (1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1053 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 .
cited
Cited "see"
State v. Copeland
See Commonwealth v. Silo, 480 Pa. 15 , 389 A.2d 62 (1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1053 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 , reh’g denied, 440 U.S. 969 , 99 S.Ct. 1522 , 59 L.Ed.2d 785 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
Williams v. United States
(2×)
See Hackney v. United States, 389 A.2d 1336, 1342 (D.C.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
James Brewer, Cross-Appellant v. Hustler Magazine, Inc., Cross-Appellee
See Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 756 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Jose Jenkins
See United States v. Askew, 584 F.2d 960, 962-63 (10th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979); Smith v. Mabry, 564 F.2d 249, 252-53 (8th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 907 , 98 S.Ct. 1456 , 55 L.Ed.2d 499 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
Knickerbocker Toy Co., Inc. v. Winterbrook Corp.
See Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751 , 754-57 & n. 14 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
Brooks v. United States
See Hackney v. United States, D.C.App., 389 A.2d 1336, 1344 (1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979); cf. Tinsley v. United States, D.C.App., 368 A.2d 531, 537 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
National Business Lists, Inc. v. Dun & Bradstreet, Inc.
See Leon v. Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co., supra, at 486-87, Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751 , (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979); Universal City Studios v. Sony Corp. of America, supra, at 971-72; Schroeder v. William Morrow & Co., supra, at 6.
discussed
Cited "see"
MCA, Inc. v. Wilson
Rosemont Enterprises, Inc. v. Random House, Inc., supra, 366 F.2d at 310 ; Walt Disney Productions v. Mature Pictures Corp., 389 F.Supp. 1397, 1398 (S.D.N.Y.1975); see Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 756 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979); Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Sony Corp. of America, 480 F.Supp. 429, 454 (C.D.
discussed
Cited "see"
McA, Inc. v. Wilson
Rosemont Enterprises, Inc. v. Random House, Inc., supra, 366 F.2d at 310 ; Walt Disney Productions v. Mature Pictures Corp., 389 F.Supp. 1397, 1398 (S.D.N.Y.1975); see Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 756 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979); Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Sony Corp. of America, 480 F.Supp. 429, 454 (C.D.Cal.1979). 9 The final suggested factor concerns the effect of the alleged infringing use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.
discussed
Cited "see"
F. E. L. Publications, Ltd. v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago
See Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751 (9th Cir. 1978) cert. denied, O'Neill v. Walt Disney Productions, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979); cf. Davies v. Bowes, 209 F. 53 (D.C.N.Y.1913), aff'd, 219 F. 178 (2d Cir. 1914). 4 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Pignons S. A. De Mecanique De Precision v. Polaroid Corp.
See Walt Disney Production v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. denied 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979) (similarity between marks should not be judged by a simple side by side comparison; mark and alleged imitation should be viewed in light of what occurs in the marketplace); Miller Brewing Co., supra, 452 F.Supp. at 446.
cited
Cited "see"
DC Comics, Inc. v. Filmation Associates
See Walt Disney Prods. v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 754-55 (9th „ Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979). 7 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Stop the Olympic Prison v. United States Olympic Committee
See Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 759 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979); Girl Scouts v. Personality Posters, supra, 304 F.Supp. at 1231 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Graham v. United States
See, e.g., Morriss v. United States, 554 A.2d 784, 788-89 (D.C.1989) (citing Hackney v. United States, 389 A.2d 1336, 1342 (D.C.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979)). 11 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hwe, Inc., Plaintiff-Counter-Defendant-Appellant v. Jb Research, Inc. Hammacher Schlemmer, Defendants-Counter-Claimants-Appellees
Supply, 690 F.2d 791, 793 (9th Cir.1982) (considering evidence of actual confusion among customers, suppliers, and others as one indicator of secondary meaning); North American Aircoach Systems, Inc. v. North American Aviation, Inc., 231 F.2d 205, 213 (9th Cir.1955) (discussing confusion as to source in the mind of the public desiring to obtain air transportation), cert. denied, 351 U.S. 920 (1956); see also Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 760 (9th Cir.1978) (under California's unfair competition law, finding that plaintiffs must prove a likelihood of confusion by purchas…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Ill v. Roland
The inquiry into the existence of probable cause raises questions of “probabilities ... the factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and prudent men, not legal technicians, act.” Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160, 175 , 69 S.Ct. 1302, 1310 , 93 L.Ed. 1879 (1949); see also United States v. Watson, 587 F.2d 365, 368 (7th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1055 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hazel v. United States
See, e.g., Hackney v. United States, 389 A.2d 1336 (D.C.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979) (where identity of murderer at issue, evidence of a series of murders to cover-up original murder would have been properly admitted at separate trials).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Plescia
The inquiry into the existence of probable cause raises questions of “probabilities ... the factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and prudent men, not legal technicians, act.” Brinegar v. U.S., 338 U.S. 160, 175 , 69 S.Ct. 1302, 1310 , 93 L.Ed. 1879 (1949); see also, United States v. Watson, 587 F.2d 365, 368 (7th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1055 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Hernandez
(2×)
See also United States v. Watson, 587 F.2d 365 (7th Cir. 1978) (work in the field not sufficiently developed to admit testimony on cross-racial identifications), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 59 L.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Raymond J. Hughes, Jr. v. Dale Meyer, John Buss and Robert Combs
The inquiry into the existence of probable cause raises questions of “probabilities ... the factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and pru dent men, not legal technicians, act.” Brinegar, 338 U.S. at 175 , 69 S.Ct. at 1310 ; see also United States v. Watson, 587 F.2d 365, 368 (7th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1055 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Mutual of Omaha Insurance v. Novak
McCarthy, Trademarks and Unfair Competition § 2:6 (1973), and Mutual’s rights therein need not “yield to the exercise of First Amendment rights under circumstances where adequate alternative avenues of communication exist.” Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner, 407 U.S. 551, 567 , 92 S.Ct. 2219, 2228 , 33 L.Ed.2d 131 (1972); accord Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders, Inc., 604 F.2d at 206 ; see also Walt Disney Prods, v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 758-59 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979); Reddy Communications, Inc., 199 U.S.P.Q.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
ca8 1988
McCarthy, Trademarks and Unfair Competition Sec. 2:6 (1973), and Mutual's rights therein need not "yield to the exercise of First Amendment rights under circumstances where adequate alternative avenues of communication exist." Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner, 407 U.S. 551, 567 , 92 S.Ct. 2219, 2228 , 33 L.Ed.2d 131 (1972); accord Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders, Inc., 604 F.2d at 206 ; see also Walt Disney Prods. v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751, 758-59 (9th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979); Reddy Communications, Inc., 199 U.S.P.Q.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Charles Langford
(2×)
See, e.g., United States v. Watson, 587 F.2d 365, 369 (7th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1055 , 59 L.Ed.2d 95 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Filimon Castillo Perez v. George E. Sullivan, Warden, and Attorney General, State of New Mexico
Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. at 532 , 92 S.Ct. at 2193 ; United States v. Marion, 404 U.S. at 320 , 92 S.Ct. at 2187 ; see also United States v. Askew, 584 F.2d 960, 962 (10th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979); Smith v. Mabry, 564 F.2d 249, 252-53 (8th Cir.1977).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. James Falco
(2×)
See, e.g., United States v. Naylor, 705 F.2d 110, 111-12 (4th Cir.1983); United States v. DeFillipo, 590 F.2d 1228, 1240 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 442 U.S. 920 , 99 S.Ct. 2844 , 61 L.Ed.2d 288 (1979); United States v. Mehrmanesh, 689 F.2d 822 , 831 & n. 10 (9th Cir.1982); see also United States v. Askew, 584 F.2d 960, 963 (10th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Warner Bros. Inc. v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.
However, there has been no doubt that copyright protection is available for characters portrayed in cartoons, even before Nichols, e.g., King Features Syndicate v. Fleischer, 299 Fed. 533 (2d Cir.1924) (Barney Google's horse, Spark Plug); Hill v. Whalen & Martell, Inc., 220 F. 359 (S.D.N.Y.1914) (Mutt and Jeff); see also Empire City Amusement Co. v. Wilton, 134 F. 132 (C.C.D.Mass.1903) (Alphonse and Gaston) (claim sustained against demurrer), and after Nichols, e.g., Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (19…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Warner Bros. Inc. v. American Broadcasting Companies
Y.1914) (Mutt and Jeff); see also Empire City Amusement Co. v. Wilton, 134 F. 132 (C.C.D.Mass.1903) (Alphonse and Gaston) (claim sustained against demurrer), and after Nichols, e.g., Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1132 , 99 S.Ct. 1054 , 59 L.Ed.2d 94 (1978) (Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters); Detective Comics, Inc. v. Bruns Publications, Inc., supra (Superman); see 1 Nimmer § 2.12.
Silo
v.
Pennsylvania
v.
Pennsylvania
No. 78-5824.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jan 22, 1979.
Cited by 1 opinion | Published
Citer courts: Ninth Circuit (2)
Sup. Ct. Pa. Cer-tiorari denied.