green
Positive treatment
7.3 score
Treatment trajectory · 1976 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1976
2001
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 20 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "see"
Commonwealth v. Williams
See Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 252 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975) (possession of narcotics by parolee threatens both the parole system and the public since such an activity is both a violation of parole and a separate crime).
cited
Cited "see"
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Vernon WATTS, Defendant-Appellant
See Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 249 (9th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 180 (1975).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Carl Richard Holmes
See Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 247 (9th Cir.) cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 (1975) (parole officer is not a stalking horse if he, rather than the police, initiated the search in the performance of his duties as a parole officer); Jarrad, 754 F.2d at 1454 (the fact that the police investigation precedes the involvement of parole officials does not in itself indicate that police officers initiated the search).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Edward Cardona
(2×)
See Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 249 (9th Cir.) (en banc) (plurality op.) (parole search may not be used as a "subterfuge for a criminal investigation"), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975); Smith v. Rhay, 419 F.2d 160, 162-63 (9th Cir.1969) (where parole officer conducts warrantless search "not as the supervising guardian, so to speak, of the parolee, but as the agent of the [police]," fruits of search must be suppressed); cf. United States v. Jarrad, 754 F.2d 1451, 1454 (9th Cir.) (probation officer may not act as "stalking horse" for police), cert. denied…
discussed
Cited "see"
Commonwealth v. LaFrance
See Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 257 (9th Cir. 1975) (Hufstedler, J., dissenting) (“Therequirement that [a probation] officer articulate his reasons for making a search before he searches is a substantial deterrent to impulsive and arbitrary official conduct and a real safeguard against after-the-fact justification”), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 (1975); 4 W.R.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Lawrence Michael Duff
(2×)
Although the fourth amendment’s requirement that searches be “reasonable” is applicable to probationers, such probationers “do not enjoy ‘the absolute liberty to which every citizen is entitled, but only ... conditional liberty properly dependent on observance of special [probation] restrictions.’ ” Griffin v. Wisconsin, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 3164, 3168 , 97 L.Ed.2d 709 (1987) (quoting Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 480 , 92 S.Ct. 2593, 2599 , 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972)); see United States v. Consuelo-Gonzalez, 521 F.2d 259, 265-66 (9th Cir.1975) (en banc) (observing that probatio…
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Finley
(2×)
See United States v. Hendrix, 505 F.2d 1233 (2d Cir.1974), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 199 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975); United States v. Moore, 484 F.2d 1284 (4th Cir.1973).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Robert S. Johnson
See Latia v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 247 (9th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975); United States v. Hallman, 365 F.2d 289, 292 (3d Cir.1966); People v. Pipitone, 86 Cal.App.3d 681 , 152 Cal.Rptr. 1 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Perbix
(2×)
See Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 250 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975); United States v. Consuelo-Gonzalez, supra 521 F.2d at 266; State v. Fogarty, supra 610 P.2d at 150-153 ; Seim v. State, supra 590 P.2d at 1155 ; People v. Fortunato, supra 376 N.Y.S.2d at 727 .
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Murphy
(2×)
Id. at 368 ; see Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 251 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975) *346 (parole rather than probation situation).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Rea
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 253-54 (9th Cir.) (Choy, J., concurring), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975).
cited
Cited "see"
Hocker v. Woody
See Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 46 L.
discussed
Cited "see"
Commonwealth v. Thurmond
See United States v. Hendrix, 505 F.2d 1233 (2d Cir. 1974), cert. den. 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 199 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975); United States v. Moore, 484 F.2d 1284 (4th Cir. 1973) (CRAVEN, J., concurring).
discussed
Cited "see"
Grubbs v. State
See Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975); United States v. Farmer, 512 F.2d 160 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 987 , 96 S.Ct. 397 , 46 L.Ed.2d 305 (1975); United States v. Hill, 447 F.2d 817 (7th Cir.1971); United States ex rel.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. David L. Harper, United States of America v. Adrian A. Harper
United States v. Richardson, 849 F.2d 439, 441 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 866 , 109 S.Ct. 171 , 102 L.Ed.2d 141 (1988); see also Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 249 (9th Cir.) (en banc) (plurality opinion), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Ashley
(2×)
On a number of occasions, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has addressed this issue and has determined that a warrantless parole search runs afoul of the parolee’s Fourth Amendment rights when the parole officer “acts as a ‘stalking horse’ to facilitate police investigations by circumventing the warrant requirement.” United States v. Jarrad, 754 F.2d 1451, 1453 (9th Cir.1985), cert. denied 474 U.S. 830 , 106 S.Ct. 96 , 88 L.Ed.2d 78 (1985); see also Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 247 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Molina
See e.g., Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246 , (9th Cir.) cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975); People v. Guerrero, 85 Cal.App.3d 572 , 149 Cal.Rptr. 555 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Griffin
See, e.g., Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246, 250 (9th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 (1975); Owens v. Kelley, 681 F.2d 1362, 1368 (11th Cir. 1982); Roman v. State, 570 P.2d 1235, 1242 (Alaska 1977) (dicta); State v. Montgomery, 566 P.2d 1329, 1330 (Ariz. 1977); People v. Mason, 488 P.2d 630, 634 (Cal. 1971), cert. denied, 405 U.S. 1016 (1972); People v. Anderson, 536 P.2d 302, 305 (Colo. 1975); Grubbs v. State, 373 So. 2d 905, 907 (Fla. 1979) (use of evidence obtained limited to probation or parole revocation proceeding); State v. Fields, 686 P.2d 1379, 1389 (Hawaii 1984); State …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Seim v. State
(2×)
Compare Latta v. Fitzharris, 521 F.2d 246 (9th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 200 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Grayson, Ted R.
Compare United States v. Hendrix, 505 F.2d 1233 (2d Cir. 1974), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 897 , 96 S.Ct. 199 , 46 L.Ed.2d 130 (1975); United States v. Moore, 484 F.2d 1284 (4th Cir. 1973); United States v. Nunn, 525 F.2d 958 (5th Cir. 1976), rehearing denied, 527 F.2d 1390 (5th Cir. 1976); United States v. Wallace, 418 F.2d 876 (6th Cir. 1969), cert. denied, 397 U.S. 955 , 90 S.Ct. 987 , 25 L.Ed.2d 140 (1970); Hess v. United States, 496 F.2d 936 (8th Cir. 1974); United States v. Cluchette, 465 F.2d 749 (9th Cir. 1972); Humes v. United States, 186 F.2d 875 (10th Cir. 1951), with Scott v. United St…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Neugebauer
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 75-5093.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 14, 1975.
Published
C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.