Westport Taxi Serv., Inc. v. Adams, 439 U.S. 829 (1978). · Go Syfert
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Westport Taxi Serv., Inc. v. Adams, 439 U.S. 829 (1978). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
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cited 4× by 2 distinct cases, last quoted 1980 · …thus, as stated in hanson, average variable cost can be used as evidence of marginal cost. ⚠ not in text
380 citation events (20 in the last 25 years) across 53 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Sepmeier v. Tallahassee Democrat, Inc. (flacirct, 1986-09-09)
Treatment trajectory · 1979 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1979 2002 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 42 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Sepmeier v. Tallahassee Democrat, Inc.
Fla. Cir. Ct. · 1986 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
. . . the burden placed upon a plaintiff in defeating a motion for summary judgment is a most severe and difficult challenge to meet, though not impossible.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) State of Arizona v. Maricopa County Medical Society, an Arizona Non-Profit Corporation Maricopa Foundation for Medical Care, an Arizona Non-Profit Corporation Pima County Medical Society, an Arizona Non-Profit Corporation and Pima Foundation for Medical Care, an Arizona Non-Profit Corporation, State of Arizona v. Maricopa County Medical Society, an Arizona Non-Profit Corporation Maricopa Foundation for Medical Care, an Arizona Non-Profit Corporation and Pima Foundation for Medical Care, an Arizona Non-Profit Corporation (2×)
9th Cir. · 1980 · signal: cf. · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
thus, as stated in hanson, average variable cost can be used as evidence of marginal cost.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Arizona v. Maricopa County Medical Society (2×)
9th Cir. · 1980 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
thus, as stated in hanson, average variable cost can be used as evidence of marginal cost.
cited Cited "see" Chafin v. Gibson
W. Va. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kidder v. Anderson, 354 So.2d 1306 (La. 1978), cert denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 105 , 58 L.Bd.2d 123; Adams v. Frontier Broadcasting Co., 555 P.2d 556 (Wyo.1976). 7 .
discussed Cited "see" Rebel Oil Co. v. Atlantic Richfield Co. (2×)
9th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 855 (9th Cir.1977) (both the Sherman Act and Clayton Act are “aimed at the same economic evil”), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Rebel Oil Company, Inc. v. Atlantic Richfield Company (2×)
9th Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 855 (9th Cir.1977) (both the Sherman Act and Clayton Act are "aimed at the same economic evil"), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978). 75 In holding that a primary-line plaintiff must demonstrate an injury flowing from an aspect of the defendant's conduct injurious to consumer welfare, we intend in no way to affect the standard for antitrust injury in secondary-line cases.
cited Cited "see" Capital Consulting Group, Ltd. v. Rochman
Conn. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Marina Management Corporation v. Brewer, 572 F.2d 43, 46-47 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S. Ct. 104 , 58 L.
examined Cited "see" U.S. Philips Corp. And North American Philips Corp. v. Windmere Corporation, Izumi Seimitsu Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha (4×)
Fed. Cir. · 1989 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 858 (9th Cir.1977), cert denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978) (affirming directed verdict for a defendant on a predatory pricing claim because of the inadequacy of plaintiff’s accounting evidence: “a firm’s marginal costs cannot be ascertained from conventional business records.
discussed Cited "see" Consul Limited, Kenneth B. Wilson Dba Ken Wilson Associates v. Solide Enterprises, Inc., a Corporation, and Hrh Operating Company, a Corporation
9th Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Marina Management Corp. v. Brewer, 572 F.2d 43 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 104 , 58 L.Ed.2d 123 (1978); Poverman v. Walnut Hill Plaza, Inc., 261 F.Supp. 176, 178 (D.R.I.1966); Horwitz v. Food Town, Inc., 241 F.Supp. 1, 2-3 (E.D.La.1965), aff’d 367 F.2d 584 (5th Cir.1966); Campbell v. Duncan, 84 F.Supp. 732, 734-36 (E.D.Ark.1949).
discussed Cited "see" Williams v. Collins Communications, Inc. (2×)
Wyo. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 859-860 (9th Cir.1977), cert. denied 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Hume v. Hertz Corp.
D. Conn. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Marina Management Corp. v. Brewer, 572 F.2d 43 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 104 , 58 L.Ed.2d 123 (1978) where the Second Circuit, in affirming a Connecticut district court's determination that the Connecticut Supreme Court would bar an unlicensed real estate broker from recovering a brokerage commission on an aborted sale of a marina, commented that "we are unaware of any State procedure by which we could certify this question to the Connecticut courts.” Id. at 46 .
examined Cited "see" MCI Communications Corporation and MCI Telecommunications Corporation v. American Telephone and Telegraph Company (4×)
7th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Bros. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 855 (9th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Quality Foods De Centro America, S.A. And Duroparts De El Salvador, S.A. v. Latin American Agribusiness Development Corporation, S.A.
11th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 855 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 *999 U.S. 829, 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Nevada Independent Broadcasting Corp. v. Allen
Nev. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Kidder v. Anderson, 345 So.2d 922 (La.App. 1977), rev’d, 354 So.2d 1306 (La. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 (1978); Stone v. Essex County Newspapers, Inc., 330 N.E.2d 161 (Mass. 1975).
examined Cited "see" Gweldon Lee Paschall and All Intervenors v. The Kansas City Star Company (4×)
8th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 858 (9th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978).
examined Cited "see" Island Tobacco Co. v. R. J. Reynolds Industries, Inc. (4×)
D. Haw. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848 (9th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); Hanson v. Shell Oil Co., 541 F.2d 1352 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1074 , 97 S.Ct. 813 , 50 L.Ed.2d 792 (1977); California Computer Products, Inc. v. International Business Machines Corp., 613 F.2d 727 (9th Cir. 1979).
discussed Cited "see" Northeastern Telephone Company v. American Telephone and Telegraph Company (2×)
2d Cir. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Brothers, Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848 , 857 n.9 (9th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); McGee, supra, at 306-07. *88 Furthermore, this case does not present us with a stark choice between long run and short run welfare maximization, since SNET did not set its prices solely with respect to short term marginal costs.
discussed Cited "see" Richter Concrete Corp. v. Hilltop Basic Resources, Inc. (2×)
S.D. Ohio · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Bros. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 855 (9th Cir. 1977), cert, denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); International Air Industries, supra, 517 F.2d at 721 ; and Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. FTC, 289 F.2d 835, 840 (7th Cir. 1961).
examined Cited "see" Edward J. Sweeney & Sons, Inc., and Mission Gas Oil Company, Inc. And Petroleum Products Co. v. Texaco, Inc (4×)
3rd Cir. · 1980 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848 , 855 n.6 (9th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); International Air Industries, Inc. v. American Excelsior Co., 517 F.2d 714, 721-22 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 943 , 96 S.Ct. 1411 , 47 L.Ed.2d 349 (1976); M.C.
discussed Cited "see" In Re IBM Peripheral EDP Devices, Etc. (2×)
N.D. Cal. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See id., at 700-03 . [76] For a diagrammatic representation of the relationship between these cost measures and the quantity of output, see id., at 701 n. 14. [77] The monopolist would only have these options if the demand curve intersected the average cost curve to the left of minimum average cost. [78] 541 F.2d 1352 (9th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1074 , 97 S.Ct. 813 , 50 L.Ed.2d 792 (1977). [79] 570 F.2d 848 (9th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978). [80] Id., at 853. [81] Id.; Hallmark Industry v. Reynolds Metals Co., 489 F.2d 8, 12 (9th Cir…
discussed Cited "see" Dart Drug Corp. v. Corning Glass Works (2×)
D. Maryland · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 854-5 (9 Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" California Steel and Tube v. Kaiser Steel Corp.
C.D. Cal. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 857-58 (9th Cir. 1977), cert, denied, - U.S. -, 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); Hanson v. Shell Oil Co., 541 F.2d 1352, 1358 (9th Cir. 1976), cert, denied, 429 U.S. 1074 , 97 S.Ct. 813 , 50 L.Ed.2d 792 (1977).
cited Cited "see" In Re Multidistrict Vehicle Air Pollution. Amf, Incorporated
9th Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Dungan v. Morgan Drive-Away, Inc., 570 F.2d 867 (9th Cir.), Cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978).
cited Cited "see" AMF, Inc. v. General Motors Corp.
9th Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Dungan v. Morgan Drive-Away, Inc., 570 F.2d 867 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." John E. Trytko, Jr. v. Hubbell, Inc., Cross-Appellee (2×)
7th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See e.g., Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 860 (9th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); Musgrave v. Union Carbide Corp., 493 F.2d 224, 231 (7th Cir.1974).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Callahan v. Nystedt
R.I. · 1994 · signal: see also · confidence low
The following elements must be met in order to invoke the attorney-client privilege: “(1) the asserted holder of the privilege is or sought to become a client; (2) the person to whom the communication was made (a) is a member of the bar of a court, or his subordinate and (b) in connection with this communication is acting as a lawyer; (3) the communication relates to a fact of which the attorney was informed (a) by his client (b) without the presence of strangers (c) for the purpose of securing primarily either (i) an opinion on law or (n) legal services or (iii) assistance in some legal pro…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." International Distribution Centers, Inc. v. Walsh Trucking Co. (2×)
2d Cir. · 1987 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Janich Brothers, Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 853 (9th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); Lessig v. Tidewater Oil Co., 327 F.2d 459, 474 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 377 U.S. 993 , 84 S.Ct. 1920 , 12 L.Ed.2d 1046 (1964).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." International Distribution Centers, Inc. v. Walsh Trucking Co. (2×)
2d Cir. · 1987 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Janich Brothers, Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 853 (9th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); Lessig v. Tidewater Oil Co., 327 F.2d 459, 474 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 377 U.S. 993 , 84 S.Ct. 1920 , 12 L.Ed.2d 1046 (1964).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Norton Tire Co. v. Tire Kingdom Co. (2×)
S.D. Fla. · 1985 · signal: see also · confidence low
See, Forro Precision, Inc. v. IBM, 673 F.2d 1045, 1095 (9th Cir.1982); see also, Janich Brothers v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848 (9th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978)).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." M.A.P. Oil Co. v. Texaco Inc. (2×)
9th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848 , 853-54 & n. 4 (9th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); Hallmark Industry v. Reynolds Metals Co., 489 F.2d 8, 12-13 (9th Cir.1973) (“evidence of market power may be relevant, but it is not indispensable where a substantial claim of restraint of trade is made”), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 932 , 94 S.Ct. 2643 , 41 L.Ed.2d 235 (1974); Bushie v. Stenocord Corp., 460 F.2d 116, 121 (9th Cir. 1972).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." M.A.P. Oil Company, Inc. v. Texaco Inc. (2×)
9th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848 , 853-54 & n. 4 (9th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); Hallmark Industry v. Reynolds Metals Co., 489 F.2d 8, 12-13 (9th Cir.1973) ("evidence of market power may be relevant, but it is not indispensable where a substantial claim of restraint of trade is made"), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 932 , 94 S.Ct. 2643 , 41 L.Ed.2d 235 (1974); Bushie v. Stenocord Corp., 460 F.2d 116, 121 (9th Cir. 1972). 27 Bushie, in particular, provides guidance on this issue.
cited Cited "see, e.g." CSB, Inc. v. Cradle of Democracy Broadcasting Co.
E.D. Va. · 1982 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Marina Management Corp. v. Brewer, 572 F.2d 43, 48 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 104 , 58 L.Ed.2d 123 (1978).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." In Re Grand Jury Proceedings. In the Matter of Andrew C. Pavlick. United States of America (2×)
5th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Kelly, 569 F.2d 928, 938 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 105 , 58 L.Ed.2d 123 (1978).
examined Cited "see, e.g." Dimmitt Agri Industries, Inc., a Texas Corporation v. Cpc International Inc. (4×)
5th Cir. · 1982 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978) (proof of predatory conduct can in some circumstances permit inferences of specific intent and dangerous probability of success); Areeda & Turner III, j] 836(b) at 352-55.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." In Re Grand Jury Proceedings. In the Matter of Andrew C. Pavlick. Appeal of United States of America (2×)
5th Cir. · 1981 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Kelly, 569 F.2d 928, 938 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 105 , 58 L.Ed.2d 123 (1978).
examined Cited "see, e.g." O. Hommel Company v. Ferro Corporation (4×)
3rd Cir. · 1981 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 856 (9th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); Areeda and Turner, Predatory Pricing and Belated Practices Under Section 2 of the Sherman Act, 88 Harv.L.Rev. 697, 698 (1975).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Unijax, Inc. v. Champion International, Inc. (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1981 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See e. g., Janich Brothers, Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 853 (9th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978); Martin B.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Barry Wright Corp. v. ITT Grinnell Corp.
D. Mass. · 1981 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Janich Brothers, Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848, 855 (9th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 ; International Air Industries, Inc. v. American Excelsior Co., 517 F.2d 714, 724 (5th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 943 (1976).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." National Pork Producers Council v. Bergland (2×)
8th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Westport Taxi Serv., Inc. v. Adams, 571 F.2d 697 , 700 n.3 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." National Pork Producers Council v. Bergland (2×)
8th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Westport Taxi Serv., Inc. v. Adams, 571 F.2d 697 , 700 n.3 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Chillicothe Sand & Gravel Company, a Delaware Corporation v. Martin Marietta Corporation, a Maryland Corporation (2×)
7th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Janich Bros., Inc. v. American Distilling Co., 570 F.2d 848 (9th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 103 , 58 L.Ed.2d 122 (1978). 6 *432 However, Areeda and Turner’s position has not been universally accepted.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. John L. Warren, Jr., David Defina, Des E. Schick and Thomas A. Warren (2×)
5th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., United States v. Kelly, 569 F.2d 928 (5th Cir.), Cert. denied, 439 U.S. 829 , 99 S.Ct. 105 , 58 L.Ed.2d 123 (1978); Yielding v. United States, 173 F.2d 46 (5th Cir. 1949); Levi v. United States, 71 F.2d 353 (5th Cir. 1934); Greene v. United States, 154 F. 401 (5th Cir.), Cert. denied, 207 U.S. 596 , 28 S.Ct. 261 , 52 L.Ed. 357 (1907).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Westport Taxi Service, Inc.
v.
Adams, Secretary of Transportation
No. 77-1700.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 2, 1978.
439 U.S. 829
Published
2 passages pin-cited by 3 cases
Pinpoint authority: bottom 92%
Citer courts: Ninth Circuit (4) · Florida Circuit Courts (1)

C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.