green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
7.0 score
G Cite
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
“probable cause” is the equivalent of “reasonable cause” or “reasonable grounds to believe”
Treatment trajectory · 1980 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1980
2003
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 33 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
John Early v. Eastern Transfer
But see Teamsters Local Union No. 30 v. Helms Express, Inc., 591 F.2d 211 (3d Cir.) (union members of joint committee owe grievant no duty of fair representation), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); Larry v. Penn Truck Aids, Inc., 94 F.R.D. 708 (E.D.Pa.1982) (same).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
United States v. Gotti
probable cause" is the equivalent of "reasonable cause" or "reasonable grounds to believe
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Modesto Diaz
See United States v. Brandon, 599 F.2d 112, 113 (6th Cir.) (government agents who entered used car lot and looked in windows of cars to determine odometer readings did not violate defendants’ Fourth Amendment rights), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 72 , 62 L.Ed.2d 47 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Medcalf
See United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492, 497 (1st Cir. 1979) (it was reasonable to infer that the "unknown male" to which the affidavit referred was a bystander witness), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 (1980); State v. Matlock, 27 Wn.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Joseph Kelly
See United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21, 24 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Aikens
See U.S. v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492 (1st Circuit), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979). 4 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States Postal Service v. O'BRIEN
See Associated Third Class Mail Users v. United States Postal Service, 600 F.2d 824 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); Ex Parte Jackson, 96 U.S. 727 , 6 Otto 727 , 24 L.Ed. 877 (1878).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Schuring
She was a citizen-informant with no discernible reason to falsely implicate appellant; as such, she was “presumptively reliable.” 5 United States v. Land, 10 M.J. 103, 105 (C.M.A.1980) (citations omitted); see United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492, 496-97 (1st Cir.), cert, denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United States v. Burke, 517 F.2d 377 (2d Cir.1975); 1 Lafave, Search and Seizure § 3.4(a) (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Blasco
See United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979) (even if police do not have probable cause to arrest, property may be searched upon probable cause to believe that evidence of the crime may be found).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Blasco
See United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979) (even if police do not have probable cause to arrest, property may be searched upon probable cause to believe that evidence of the crime may be found).
cited
Cited "see"
Sink v. Ford Motor Co.
See Colonial Ford, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 592 F.2d 1126, 1128 (10th Cir.) cert. denied 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Maria Lilia Rojas
See United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979) (even if police do not have probable cause to arrest, a person’s property may be searched upon probable cause to believe that fruits, instrumentalities, or evidence of the crime are present). ' See generally, 1 W.LaFave, Search & Seizure § 3.1(b) (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United Mine Workers of America District No. 5 v. Consolidation Coal Company
Accord, Teamsters Local Union No. 30 v. Helms Express, Inc., 591 F.2d 211 , 216 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United Mine Workers v. Barnes & Tucker Co., 561 F.2d 1093, 1096 (3d Cir. 1977); United Steel Workers v. Pullman-Standard Car Mfg.
cited
Cited "see"
Frank Meador Buick, Inc. v. General Motors Acceptance Corp. (In Re Frank Meador Buick, Inc.)
See Colonial Ford, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 592 F.2d 1126, 1129 (10th Cir.) cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Kozerski
See United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492, 500 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
cited
Cited "see"
Sanceverino v. UNION LOCAL 445, INTERN. BROTH.
See Teamsters Local 30 v. Helms Express, Inc., 591 F.2d 211 , 216-17 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Land
(2×)
See United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492 (1st Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United States v. Burden, 5 M.J. 704 , 708 N. 6 (A.F.C.M.R.1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
T & R Joint Venture v. Office of Planning & Zoning of Anne Arundel County
See United States v. Fresno Unifíed School District, 592 F.2d 1088 (9th Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 (applying the concept in similar fashion to confer a "retroactive” standing on the Attorney General to bring employment discrimination actions against State and municipal public agencies), and United States v. County of Hawaii, 473 F. Supp. 261 (D.
cited
Cited "see"
Wilkes-Barre Publishing Co. v. Newspaper Guild of Wilkes-Barre, Local 120
See Teamsters Local 30 v. Helms Express, Inc., 591 F.2d 211 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Jones
See, e.g., United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21, 24 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United States v. Tramunti, 513 F.2d 1087, 1106 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 832 (1975).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Luke Jones
See, e.g., United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21, 24 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United States v. Tramunti, 513 F.2d 1087, 1106 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 832 (1975).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Key v. Chrysler Motors Corp.
(2×)
See 15 U.S.C. § 1222 ; Stansifer v. Chrysler Motors Corp., 487 F.2d 59, 63 (9th Cir.1973) ("It is obvious that the Act does not apply until a manufacturer-dealer relationship has been created."); see also Colonial Ford, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co. 592 F.2d 1126, 1128 (10th Cir.) (improper and coercive demands made on prospective franchisee prior to formal execution of contract were deemed involved in the franchise in order to provide protection under the federal statute, notwithstanding timing of execution), certs. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Burress v. Henderson
See, e.g., United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979) (delay of 126 days); United States v. Rucker, 586 F.2d 899 (2d Cir.1978) (11 month delay).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Harry Tongay v. The Kroger Company International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehouseman and Helpers of America
See Chavez v. United Food & Commercial Workers Int’l Union, 779 F.2d 1353 , 1356 (8th Cir.1985) (“ ‘[Ejxclusive representation is a necessary prerequisite to a statutory duty to represent fairly.’ ”) (quoting Kuhn v. National Ass’n of Letter Carriers, Branch 5, 528 F.2d 767, 770 (8th Cir.1976)); see also Teamsters Local Union No. 30 v. Helms Express Inc., 591 F.2d 211, 217 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); Sinyard v. Foote & Davies Div. of McCall Corp., 577 F.2d 943 , 947-48 (5th Cir.1978).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
People v. Tambe
When the police have probable cause to believe that several individuals are involved in criminal activity and that evidence of the crime is likely to be in the possession of one of them but they lack the necessary information to make one of the perpetrators the most likely possessor of the evidence at a particular time, the law permits a Magistrate to make a finding of probable cause to search the places in the control of one or more of the associates in crime, even though it cannot be said that it is more probable than not that the cocaine will be found at one particular location (see, People…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Autoworld Specialty Cars, Inc. v. United States
Macon, 105 S.Ct. at 2782 ; See also, United States v. Brandon, 599 F.2d 112, 113 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 72 , 62 L.Ed.2d 47 (1979) (Examination of cars in used car lot did not violate owner's privacy expectations). 20 The record also disclosed that government agents removed five vehicles from the Autoworld showroom floor on May 29, 1985 and thereafter exercised sole and exclusive dominion and control over those vehicles for the purpose of using them as evidence in a criminal prosecution against Joseph.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Autoworld Specialty Cars, Inc. v. United States
Macon, 105 S.Ct. at 2782 ; See also, United States v. Brandon, 599 F.2d 112, 113 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 72 , 62 L.Ed.2d 47 (1979) (Examination of cars in used car lot did not violate owner’s privacy expectations).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Bellamy v. Roadway Express, Inc.
See, e.g., Teamsters Local Union No. 30 v. Helms Express Inc., 591 F.2d 211, 217 (3d Cir.1979) cert. denied 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 74 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Stepp v. Ford Motor Credit Co.
See, e.g., Colonial Ford, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 592 F.2d 1126 (10th Cir.1979), cert. den., 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 ; De Valk Lincoln-Mercury, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 550 F.Supp. 1199, 1202-03 (N.D.Ill.1982); Imperial Motors, Inc. v. Chrysler Corp., 559 F.Supp. 1312, 1315 (D.Mass.1983).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Paul C. Porter, United States v. Walter G. Baker, United States v. Frederick L. Hearn, United States v. Larry Reservitz
See, e.g., United States v. Vila, 599 F.2d 21 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Yeagy v. State
See, e.g., United States v. Melvin, 596 F.2d 492, 498-500 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 73 , 62 L.Ed.2d 48 (1979); United States v. Vazquez, 605 F.2d 1269, 1282 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 981 , 100 S.Ct. 484 , 62 L.Ed.2d 408 (1979); United States v. Martin, 615 F.2d 318, 328 (5th Cir.1980); United States v. House, 604 F.2d 1135 , 1141 n. 9 (8th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 931 , 100 S.Ct. 1320 , 63 L.Ed.2d 764 (1980); United States v. Flores, 679 F.2d 173 , 176 n. 1 (9th Cir. 1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1148 , 103 S.Ct. 791 , 74 L.Ed.2d 996 (1983).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. George Reed, Paul Sheary, Johnathan Riebli, Thomas Schenk, Peter Miller
On the other hand, as one commentator has remarked, “[i]t is a fair generalization ... that business and commercial premises are not as private as residential premises, and that consequently there are various police investigative procedures which may be directed at such premises without the police conduct constituting a Fourth Amendment search.” LaFave, id., § 2.4(b) at pp. 338-39; see also United States v. Brandon, 599 F.2d 112, 113 (6th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 , 100 S.Ct. 72 , 62 L.Ed.2d 47 (1980).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Kendrick v. Everheart
See also Perez v. Stevens, 362 So.2d 998 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978), cert. denied, 368 So.2d 1372 (Fla.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 837 (1979).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Brandon
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 78-1806.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 1, 1979.
Cited by 1 opinion | Published
Citer courts: E.D. New York (1)
C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.