green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 2×
7.0 score
G Cite
cited 5× by 1 distinct case ·
“Unlike a copyright, mere reproduction of a trademark is not an infringement.”
Treatment trajectory · 1980 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1980
2003
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 41 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Karen D. Peters, Cross-Appellants v. The City of Shreveport, Cross-Appellee
But see Spaulding v. University of Washington, 740 F.2d 686, 709 (9th Cir.) (“even where the female faculty members are able to frame a cognizable Title VII or Equal Pay Act claim, it does not allow the male [faculty members] ‘to bootstrap their job grievances ... into an employment discrimination claim rooted in federal law.’ ”) (quoting Ruffin v. County of Los Angeles, 607 F.2d 1276, 1281 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1600 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1979)), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1036 , 105 S.Ct. 511 , 83 L.Ed.2d 401 (1984).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
In Re Circuit Breaker Litigation
unlike a copyright, mere reproduction of a trademark is not an infringement.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Board of Governors of the University of North Carolina v. Helpingstine
ne can capitalize on a market or fad created by another provided that it is not accomplished by confusing the public into mistakenly purchasing the product in the belief that the product is the product of the competitor.
cited
Cited "see"
E.G.L. Gem Lab Ltd. v. Gem Quality Institute, Inc.
See American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co. Ltd., 609 F.2d 655, 661 (2d Cir.1979). ce rt. denied 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980); 3 Mccarthy § 23:10, at 23-28. 127 .
cited
Cited "see"
Clinique Laboratories, Inc. v. Dep Corp.
See American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655, 664 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980) (New York common law).
discussed
Cited "see"
The Forschner Group, Inc. And Swiss Army Brands, Ltd. v. Arrow Trading Co. Inc.
See American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co. Ltd., 609 F.2d 655, 662 (2d Cir.1979) (unfair competition may consist of “confusing the public into mistakenly purchasing the product in the belief that the product is the product of the competitor”), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980); see also Liquid Controls Corp. v. Liquid Control Corp., 802 F.2d 934, 939 (7th Cir.1986) (unfair competition claim “might be supportable if consumer confusion or a likelihood of consumer confusion arose from the failure of the defendant to adequately identify itself as th…
cited
Cited "see"
Southwestern Bell Telephone Company, Southwestern Bell Corporation Employee Stock Ownership Plan and Southwestern Bell Corporation Savings Plan for Salaried Employees v. Salathiel DeRusse
See Fremont v. McGraw-Edison Co. , 606 F.2d 752, 759 (7th Cir. 1979), cert. denied , 445 U.S. 951 (1980); see also Restatement (Second) of Trusts § 256 (1957).
cited
Cited "see"
W.W.W. Pharmaceutical Company, Inc. v. The Gillette Company
See American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co. Ltd., 609 F.2d 655 , 660 n. 4 (2d Cir.1979), ce rt. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980).
cited
Cited "see"
Weight Watchers International, Inc. v. Stouffer Corp.
See American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Corp., 609 F.2d 655, 662 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980).
discussed
Cited "see"
Wonder Labs, Inc. v. Procter & Gamble Co.
See American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655, 662 (2d Cir.1979) (descriptive usage precluded conclusion of misappropriation), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980).
discussed
Cited "see"
McLaughlin v. Lindemann
First, it provided, with some minor exceptions, that an employee’s right to his normal retirement benefit is nonforfeitable upon the attainment of normal retirement age. 29 U.S.C. § 1053 (a); see Fremont v. McGraw-Edison Co., 606 F.2d 752, 757-58 (7th Cir.1979), ce rt. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1599 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980); Winer v. Edison Bros.
cited
Cited "see"
Ann McLaughlin Secretary of the United States Department of Labor v. Oscar C. Lindemann, Roy A. Herberger, Trustee of the Lee Optical and Associated Companies Pension Plan v. Theodore Shanbaum
Sec. 1053 (a); see Fremont v. McGraw-Edison Co., 606 F.2d 752, 757-58 (7th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1599 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980); Winer v. Edison Bros.
discussed
Cited "see"
Pantone, Inc. v. Esselte Letraset Ltd.
See American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655, 662 (2d Cir.1979), ce rt. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980); Davis & Co. Auto Parts, Inc. v. Allied Corp., 651 F.Supp. 198, 203 (S.D.N.Y.1986).
cited
Cited "see"
James A. Dooley Assoc. Emp. Ret. Plan v. Reynolds
See Fremont v. McGraw-Edison Co., 606 F.2d 752, 759 (7th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1599 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980).
discussed
Cited "see"
Samuel M. Feinberg Testamentary Trust v. Carter
(2×)
Plaintiffs apparently believe that shareholders might have been unwill- ing to adopt the anti-greenmail amendment if Goodrich had disclosed that the availability of greenmail payments might encourage individuals such as Icahn to accumulate large blocks of Goodrich stock, a process which could culminate in a takeover attempt and an increase in the market price of Goodrich stock. “[T]he difficult question of materiality should not ordinarily be disposed of on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion.” Joyce v. Joyce Beverages, Inc., 571 F.2d 703, 707 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 437 U.S. 905 , 98 S.Ct. 3092 , 57 …
discussed
Cited "see"
Guidry v. National Sheet Metal Workers' National Pension Fund
See Fremont v. McGraw-Edison Co., 606 F.2d 752 (7th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1599 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980); Winer v. Edison Brothers Stores Pension Plan, 593 F.2d 307 (8th Cir.1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
A.J. Canfield Co. v. Concord Beverage Co.
See American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., Ltd., 609 F.2d 655, 664 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980); Blake Publishing Corp. v. O’Quinn Studios, Inc., 202 U.S.P.Q.
cited
Cited "see"
Rossner v. CBS, INC.
Accord, American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Corp., *340 609 F.2d 655, 663 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980). 8 .
cited
Cited "see"
Carole K. Evers, an Individual, Plaintiff-Appellant-Cross v. The County of Custer Clyde Rigby, Custer County Commissioner, Defendants-Appellees-Cross Thurlo H. French and Dorothy French, Counterclaimants-Appellees v. Carole K. Evers, an Individual, Counterdefendant-Appellant
See Ruffin v. County of Los Angeles, 607 F.2d 1276, 1279 (9th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1600 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980).
cited
Cited "see"
Evers v. County of Custer
See Ruffin v. County of Los Angeles, 607 F.2d 1276, 1279 (9th Cir.1979), cert, denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1600 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980).
discussed
Cited "see"
Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd., Nintendo of America, Inc.
See American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655 , 661 n. 4 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980); Dreyfus Fund Inc. v. Royal Bank of Canada, 525 F.Supp. 1108, 1116 (S.D.N.Y.1981) (“To be probative and meaningful ... surveys ... must rely upon responses by potential consumers of the products in question.”).
cited
Cited "see"
Aris-Isotoner Gloves, Inc. v. Fownes Bros. & Co.
See American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655, 662 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980).
discussed
Cited "see"
Leonard Thornton and William Carothers, Etc. v. James E. Evans
See Fremont v. McGraw-Edison Co., 606 F.2d 752, 759 (7th Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1599 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980); Freund v. Marshall & Ilsley Bank, 485 F.Supp. 629, 641-42 (W.D.Wis.1979). 43 .
cited
Cited "see"
Seiko Sporting Goods USA, Inc. v. Kabushiki Kaisha Hattori Tokeiten
See American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655, 663 (2d Cir. 1979), cert, denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980) and cases cited.
discussed
Cited "see"
Coca-Cola Co. v. Tropicana Products, Inc.
See American Footwear Corporation v. General Footwear Company Limited, 609 F.2d 655 , 660 & n.4 (2d Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980); McNeilab, Inc. v. American Home Products Corporation, 501 F.Supp. 517, 525-9 (S.D.N.Y.1980) (Lasker, J.); American Home Products Corporation v. Johnson & Johnson, 436 F.Supp. 785, 792-4 (S.D.N.Y.1977) (Stewart, J.), aff’d, 577 F.2d 160 (2d Cir. 1978).
cited
Cited "see"
Cohen v. Martin's
See Fremont v. McGraw-Edison Co., 606 F.2d 752 (7th Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1599 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980).
cited
Cited "see"
Leff v. Cip Corp.
See Weisberg v. Coastal States Gas Corp., 609 F.2d 650, 654 (2d Cir. 1979), cert, denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1600 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980); Gaines v. Haughton, supra, 645 F.2d at 776 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Don Ray Smith v. Cmta-Iam Pension Trust
(2×)
See Fremont v. McGraw-Edison Company, 606 F.2d 752, 755, 758 (7th Cir. 1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1599 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 ; accord, Giler v. Board of Sheet Metal Workers of So.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Lebas Fashion Imports of USA, Inc. v. ITT Hartford Insurance Group
But the precise difference is not often material, since the law affords protection against . . . appropriation [of either] . . . upon the same fundamental principles’’]; see also Accuride Int., Inc. v. Accuride Corp. (9th Cir. 1989) 871 F.2d 1531, 1534-1535 [trademark and trade name protections are governed by the same test of infringement and serve the same basic purpose].) 12 As one court put it, “A claim of trademark infringement is but a part of the broader claim of unfair competition. [Citation.] Thus, while [a mark] may be generic and not entitled to trademark protection, [a] claim…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Coors Brewing Co. v. Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.
Otherwise described, “The New York law of unfair competition ... bans ‘any form of commercial immorality.’ A cause of action for unfair competition requires unfairness and an unjustifiable attempt to profit from another’s expenditure of time, labor and talent....” Roy Export Co. Establishment Etc. v. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc., 503 F.Supp. 1137, 1151-52 (S.D.N.Y.1980), aff'd, 672 F.2d 1095 (2d Cir.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 826 , 103 S.Ct. 60 , 74 L.Ed.2d 63 (1982); see also American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655, 662 (2d Cir.1979) (“One cannot sel…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Field v. Trump
Compare Maldonado, 597 F.2d at 796 (criticizing use of Section 14(a) to redress mismanagement and breaches of fiduciary duty), with Weisberg v. Coastal States Gas Corp., 609 F.2d 650, 655 (2d Cir.1979) (distinguishing Maldonado in light of "allegations of a cover-up of massive bribes and of kickbacks to directors"), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1600 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Field v. Trump
Compare Maldonado, 597 F.2d at 796 (criticizing use of Section 14(a) to redress mismanagement and breaches of fiduciary duty), with Weisberg v. Coastal States Gas Corp., 609 F.2d 650 , 655 (2d Cir.1979) (distinguishing Maldonado in light of “allegations of a cover-up of massive bribes and of kickbacks to directors”), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1600 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Schwinn Bicycle Co. v. Ross Bicycles, Inc.
See, e.g., American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655 , 661-62 n. 4 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980); Sunbeam Corp. v. Equity Industries Corp., 635 F.Supp. 625 (E.D.Va.1986), aff'd, 811 F.2d 1505 (4th Cir.1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Yarmuth-Dion, Inc., Peter Dion, Inc., and Peter Dion v. D'Ion Furs, Inc.
See, e.g., American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655, 663 (2d Cir.1979) (“The crucial question in a case involving ‘secondary meaning’ always is whether the public is moved in any degree to buy an article because of its source.”) (emphasis supplied), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Motown Productions, Inc. v. Cacomm, Inc.
Compare American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655, 663 (2d Cir.1979) (finding survey results insufficient to establish secondary meaning), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
American Greetings Corp. v. Dan-Dee Imports, Inc.
See, e.g., American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655 , 661 n. 4 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980), citing American Luggage Works, Inc. v. United States Trunk Co., 158 F.Supp. 50, 53 (D.Mass.1957), aff'd, 259 F.2d 69 (1st Cir. 1958).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Margaret Spaulding, and James Bush, Intervenors-Appellants v. University of Washington
(2×)
See, e.g., Pearce v. Wichita County, 590 F.2d 128 (5th Cir.1979); Marshall v. City of Sheboygan, 577 F.2d 1 (7th Cir.1978); see also Ruffin v. County of Los Angeles, 607 F.2d 1276 , 1282 n. 3 (9th Cir.1979) (declining to decide issue), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1600 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co.
See also American Footwear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., Ltd., 609 F.2d 655, 663 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980) (citing United Drug).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Henri's Food Products Company, Inc., Counterdefendant-Appellee v. Kraft, Inc., Counterplaintiff-Appellant
(2×)
See also Carter-Wallace, Inc. v. Proctor & Gamble Co., 434 F.2d 794 , 802 (9th Cir.1970). “[W]hen a company causes the public to associate a certain word with that company’s business, that word has a secondary meaning and receives the full protection of the law of trademark and unfair competition.” American Footwear Corporation v. General Footwear Company Limited, 609 F.2d 655, 663 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Brayton v. Ostrau
See, e.g., Weisberg v. Coastal States Gas Corp., 609 F.2d 650, 654 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1600 , 63 L.Ed.2d 786 (1980); Kamerman v. Pakco Companies, Inc., supra, at 93,066 (“Section 14 cannot be interpreted so expansively as to provide for recovery for activities which were not the subjects of the proxy solicitation.”); Limmer v. General Telephone & Electronics Corp., [1977-78 Transfer Binder] Fed.Sec.L.Rep. ¶ 96,111 (S.D.N.Y.1977); Levy v. Johnson, [1976-1977 Transfer Binder] Fed.Sec.L.Rep. ¶ 95,899 (S.D.N.Y.1977).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
The Prudential Insurance Company of America v. Gibraltar Financial Corporation of California, and Gibraltar Savings & Loan Association
See, e.g., American Foot Wear Corp. v. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655, n.4 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 951 , 100 S.Ct. 1601 , 63 L.Ed.2d 787 (1980) (trial court properly excluded survey which contained self-serving questions and which failed to duplicate actual marketing conditions).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Ruffin
v.
County of Los Angeles
v.
County of Los Angeles
No. 79-1206.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Mar 31, 1980.
Cited by 1 opinion | Published
Citer courts: C.D. California (1) · M.D. North Carolina (1)
C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.