Moore v. Volkswagenwerk, A. G., 475 U.S. 1141 (1986). · Go Syfert
Moore v. Volkswagenwerk, A. G., 475 U.S. 1141 (1986). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“ppellate courts are required to affirm the trial court, notwithstanding evidential error, 337 whenever there is substantial and convincing evidence of guilt in a criminal case.”
254 citation events (59 in the last 25 years) across 38 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: State v. Davis (orctapp, 2010-05-12) · Strongest negative: State v. Orr (conn, 2009-05-26)
Treatment trajectory · 1987 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1987 2006 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 47 distinct citers.
discussed Cited "but see" State v. Orr (2×)
Conn. · 2009 · signal: but see · confidence high
My conclusion that communications falling within § 52-146q (c) (2) are neither confidential nor privileged also is supported by the majority of jurisdictions that have concluded that the duty to warn third parties about threatening statements made to a psychotherapist gives rise to an exception to the psychotherapist-client evidentiary privilege. 15 See San Diego Trolley, Inc. v. Supe rior Court, 87 Cal. App. 4th 1083, 1091 , 105 Cal. Rptr. 2d 476 (2001) (“[when] a patient is dangerous and disclosure of confidential communication is necessary to prevent harm, the psychotherapist-patient pri…
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) State v. Davis
Or. Ct. App. · 2010 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
ppellate courts are required to affirm the trial court, notwithstanding evidential error, 337 whenever there is substantial and convincing evidence of guilt in a criminal case.
discussed Cited "see" State v. Cable
Or. Ct. App. · 2026 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 229 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den, 475 US 1141 (1986) (as relevant to the emergency-aid exception, “the police are not required to accept a lay per- son’s determination of death,” as the officer “might be able to Nonprecedential Memo Op: 346 Or App 467 (2026) 471 render lifesaving medical assistance to the victim”).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Cable
Or. Ct. App. · 2026 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 229 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den, 475 US 1141 (1986) (as relevant to the emergency-aid exception, “the police are not required to accept a lay per- son’s determination of death,” as the officer “might be able to Nonprecedential Memo Op: 346 Or App 467 (2026) 471 render lifesaving medical assistance to the victim”).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Rose
Or. Ct. App. · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 226 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den, 475 US 1141 (1986) (to purge the taint under the inevitable discovery doctrine, the state must show “(1) that certain proper and predictable investigatory procedures would have been utilized in the instant case, and (2) that those procedures inevitably would have resulted in the discovery of the evidence in question”).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Rose
Or. Ct. App. · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 226 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den, 475 US 1141 (1986) (to purge the taint under the inevitable discovery doctrine, the state must show “(1) that certain proper and predictable investigatory procedures would have been utilized in the instant case, and (2) that those procedures inevitably would have resulted in the discovery of the evidence in question”).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Rose
Or. Ct. App. · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 226 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den, 475 US 1141 (1986) (to purge the taint under the inevitable discovery doctrine, the state must show “(1) that certain proper and predictable investigatory procedures would have been utilized in the instant case, and (2) that those procedures inevitably would have resulted in the discovery of the evidence in question”).
discussed Cited "see" State v. DeJong
Or. · 2021 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 225 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den, 475 US 1141 (1986) (explaining that “[t]he inevitable discov- ery doctrine permits the prosecution to purge the taint of illegally obtained evidence by proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that such evidence inevitably would have been discovered, absent the illegality, by proper and pre- dictable police investigatory procedures”); see also id. at 227 (explaining that, “[i]n the case of a warrantless entry into premises,” the court should consider “the possibility, that, if police had not made the illegal ent…
discussed Cited "see" Wright v. L-3 Communications Corp.
D.N.J. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
See Giammario v. Trenton Bd. of Educ., 203 N.J.Super. 356, 361 , 497 A.2d 199, 202 (App.Div.1985), certif. denied, 102 N.J. 336 , 508 A.2d 212 , cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1791 , 90 L.Ed.2d 337 (1986); see also Sisler, 157 N.J. at 200 , 723 A.2d at 949 .
discussed Cited "see" Esposito v. Township of Edison
N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally Giammario v. Trenton Bd. of Educ., 203 N.J.Super. 356, 361-363 , 497 A.2d 199 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 102 N.J. 336 , 508 A.2d 212 (1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1791 , 90 L.
cited Cited "see" State v. Correa
Conn. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
Ed. 2d 140 (1995); see United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 401 (2d Cir. 1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S. Ct. 1793 , 90 L.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Cleveland
E.D. La. · 1997 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord, United States v. Ardito, 782 F.2d 358, 362 (2d Cir.), cert. denied sub nom., Pollina v. United States, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1792 , 90 L.Ed.2d 338 (1986), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1160 , 106 S.Ct. 2281 , 90 L.Ed.2d 723 (1986) (even though warrant issued for electronic surveillance did not include a specific crime as a possible violation, authorization could be inferred when judge authorizing extension of tap was made aware of material facts constituting or clearly relating to other offenses in application for extension); United States v. Gerena, 653 F.Supp. 974, 977-79 (D.Conn. 1987)…
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Pabon
C.A.A.F. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See generally United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 403 (2d Cir. 1985) (Inferences to support conviction beyond a reasonable doubt need not be “ineluctable.”), cer t. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986). 3.
discussed Cited "see" Andrew Headley v. Lawrence Tilghman, Warden, Connecticut Correction Institution--Somers
2d Cir. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 400-02 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986) (holding that there was no error in admitting expert testimony regarding a typical drag buy, including the role of a “steerer,” where the accused’s defense *476 was that he was on scene but unaware of any drug transaction).
cited Cited "see" State v. Jackson
N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brown, 776 F. 2d 397, 401 (2nd Cir.1985), cert. den., 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed. 2d 339 (1986), another case upon which defendant relies.
discussed Cited "see" State v. Franks
N.M. Ct. App. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Miller, 300 Or. 203 , 709 P.2d 225, 237-38 (1985) (interpreting similar language in statute creating psychotherapist-patient privilege), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Jermaine Boney, United States of America v. Donald A. Holloman (2×)
D.C. Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 401 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986). 3 Still, it is part of the normal role of the expert not merely to describe patterns of conduct in the abstract, but to connect actions in a specific case to those patterns— sometimes even to the point of testifying that the defendant was involved in criminal conduct.
discussed Cited "see" State v. Stevens
Or. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 229-30 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den 475 US 1141 (1986) (police justified in making warrantless entry to render lifesaving assistance to victim and in seizing evidence, including victim’s body).
cited Cited "see" State v. Sanchez
Or. Ct. App. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 226 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den 475 US 1141 (1986).
cited Cited "see" State v. Moore
Or. Ct. App. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 220-21 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den 475 US 1141 (1986).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Kevin Schatzle
2d Cir. · 1990 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 401 (2d Cir.1985) (citing Fed.R.Evid. 704 advisory committee’s note), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986); United States v. Young, 745 F.2d 733, 765-66 (2d Cir.1984) (Newman, J., concurring), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1084 , 105 S.Ct. 1842 , 85 L.Ed.2d 142 (1985).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Alfredo Diaz, Eradio Perez, and Jose Alfanso Riano
2d Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 401 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, [ 475 U.S. 1141 ,] 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Giovanelli
S.D.N.Y. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Ardito, 782 F.2d 358, 362 (2d Cir.1986), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1792 , 90 L.Ed.2d 338 (1986) (“authorization under 18 U.S.C. § 2517 (5) may be inferred when a judicial officer grants a continuation of the surveillance, even though the offense was not listed in the original order, so long as he was made aware of ‘material facts constituting or clearly relating to [the] other offenses' in the application for the continuance.” (citation omitted)).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Mohammad Dawood Nusraty
2d Cir. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
However, mere presence at the scene of an aborted drug transfer cannot by itself support a conviction of conspiracy, United States v. Burgos, 579 F.2d 747, 749 (2d Cir.1978); see United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 403 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986); Pedroza, 750 F.2d at 198 , for mere presence is not enough to prove knowing conspiratorial agreement, see United States v. Vilhotti, 452 F.2d 1186, 1189 (2d Cir.1971), cert. denied, 405 U.S. 1041 , 92 S.Ct. 1314 , 31 L.Ed.2d 582 (1972), 406 U.S. 947 , 92 S.Ct. 2051 , 32 L.Ed.2d 335 (1972).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." SLSJ, LLC v. Kleban
D. Conn. · 2017 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 400 (2d Cir. 1985) (“[T]he trial judge has broad discretion in the matter of the admission or exclusion of expert evidence, and his action is to be sustained unless manifestly erroneous.”) (citation omitted), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986); McGregor-Doniger Inc. v. Drizzle Inc., 599 F.2d 1126, 1138, n. 7 (2d Cir.1979) (“The broad discretion of the trial court to determine the qualifications of witnesses will not be disturbed unless its ruling was manifestly erroneous.”) (citation and internal quotati…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Dean v. State
Wyo. · 2008 · signal: see also · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Scavo, 593 F.2d 837, 844 (8th Cir.1979) (bookmaker's statements "virtually incomprehensible to the layman, are fraught with meaning to a person familiar with gambling enterprises"); United States v. Barletta, 565 F.2d 985, 991-92 (8th Cir.1977) (conversations conducted in the "peculiar argot of bookmakers" require expert testimony "to be intelligible to the district court"); see also United States v. *314 Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 400 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986) (jury assisted by expert's description of "terms and p…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Yevakpor
N.D.N.Y. · 2006 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 401-02 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986) (finding no error in admitting expert testimony regarding a typical drug buy, including the role of a “steerer”, where the accused’s defense was that he was at the scene but unaware of any drug transaction); United States v. Pugliese, 712 F.2d 1574, 1582 (2d Cir.1983) (finding no error in admitting expert testimony as to quantity and purity of heroin); United States v. Young, 745 F.2d 733, 761 (2d Cir.1984) (finding no error in admitting expert testimo…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Cardell
Or. Ct. App. · 2002 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare State v. Mulholland, 132 Or App 399, 405 , 888 P2d 594 (1993), rev den 321 Or 284 (1995) (analyzing search under Article I, section 9, of the Oregon Constitution, for purposes of ORS 133.683), with State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 228-29 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den 475 US 1141 (1986) (same, with respect to the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Wright
D. Kan. · 2001 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Maxwell, 25 F.3d 1389, 1394 (8th Cir.) (“Intervening weekends, holidays, and the unavailability of the issuing judge are satisfactory explanations for slight delays [7 days] in presenting wiretap recordings for sealing.”) (citing in part United States v. Ardito, 782 F.2d 358, 362-63 (2nd Cir.) (“two-day intervening holiday, unavailability of issuing judge, and need to prepare paperwork provided adequate explanation for five-day delay”), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1792 , 90 L.Ed.2d 338 (1986)), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1031 , 115 S.Ct. 610 (1994); …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Larson (2×)
Or. · 1997 · signal: see also · confidence low
OEC 103(1). [3] This court has interpreted this to mean that the verdict may be affirmed if there is “little likelihood that the error affected the verdict.” State v. Hansen, 304 Or 169, 180-81 , 743 P2d 157 (1987); see also State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 220-22 , 709 P2d 225 (1985)[, cert den 475 US 1141 (1986)].’ ” This record contains no showing that defendant was prejudiced, either by the trial court’s failure to exercise discretion or by the ruling that the court made.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Juan Fermin, Hector Fermin, and Freddy Fermin
2d Cir. · 1994 · signal: see also · confidence low
Additionally, DEA agent Timothy Sullivan testified that the coded conversations involving Hector were narcotics related. 1 Though concern has previously been expressed about the use of expert testimony concerning ambiguous conduct to “carry the prosecution’s proof above the [sufficiency] line,” United States v. Young, 745 F.2d 733, 766 (2d Cir.1984) (Newman, J., concurring), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1084 , 105 S.Ct. 1842 , 85 L.Ed.2d 142 (1985); see also United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 401 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986); id. at 404…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Headley v. Tilgham
D. Conn. · 1994 · signal: see also · confidence low
Accordingly, the Court held that such expert testimony must be limited to situations “where the subject matter of the testimony is beyond the ken of the average juror:” Id. (citation omitted); see also United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 400 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986); United States v. Young, 745 F.2d 733, 760 (2d Cir.1984); United States v. Carson, 702 F.2d 351, 369 (2d Cir.) cert. denied sub nom.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Barkley
Or. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
This court has interpreted this to mean that the verdict may be affirmed if there is “little likelihood that the error affected the verdict.” State v. Hansen, 304 Or 169, 180-81 , 743 P2d 157 (1987); see also State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 220-22 , 709 P2d 225 (1985) [, cert den 475 US 1141 (1986)].’ State v. Isom, 306 Or 587, 595-96 , 761 P2d 524 (1988). *429 “See also State v. Williams, 313 Or 19, 56 , 828 P2d 1006 (1992) (Unis, J., dissenting) (explaining same); State v. Walton, 311 Or 223, 230-31 , 809 P2d 81 (1991) (describing constitutional basis for Oregon doctrine and contrasting…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Busby (2×)
Or. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
This court has interpreted this to mean that the verdict may be affirmed if there is `little likelihood that the error affected the verdict.' State v. Hansen, 304 Or 169, 180-81 , 743 P2d 157 (1987); see also State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 220-22 , 709 P2d 225 (1985) [ cert. den. 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986) ]." Defendant's failure to place on the record what his trial testimony would have been has deprived this court of any basis for evaluating the gravity of the claimed error on which he relies. [6] Because the record made at trial, lacking any offer of proof, gives t…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Keller
Or. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
This court has interpreted this to mean that the verdict may be affirmed if there is ‘little likelihood that the error affected the verdict. ’ *286 State v. Hansen, 304 Or 169, 180-81 , 743 P2d 157 (1987); see also State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 220-22 , 709 P2d 225 (1985)[, cert den 475 US 1141 (1986)].” State v. Isom, supra, 306 Or at 595-96 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Phillips
Or. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
This court has interpreted this to mean that the verdict may be affirmed if there is ‘little likelihood that the error affected the verdict.’ State v. Hansen, 304 Or 169, 180-81 , 743 P2d 157 (1987); see also State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 220-22 , 709 P2d 225 (1985)[, cert den 475 US 1141 (1986)].” State v. Isom, 306 Or 587, 595-96 , 761 P2d 524 (1988).
cited Cited "see, e.g." State v. Peterson
Or. Ct. App. · 1992 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., State v. *129 Miller, 300 Or 203, 229 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den 475 US 1141 (1986).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Heintze
N.D. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
Smith, supra; see also State v. Johnson, 379 N.W.2d 291, 293 (N.D.) [failure to define “object” did not constitute obvious error], ce rt. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1792 , 90 L.Ed.2d 337 (1986).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Sonnie Davis v. Kevin Davis, United States of America v. Kevin Davis
9th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
United States v. Scaife, 749 F.2d 338, 348 (6th Cir.1984); see also United States v. Ardito, 782 F.2d 358, 360-61 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1792 , 90 L.Ed.2d 338 cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1160 , 106 S.Ct. 2281 , 90 L.Ed.2d 723 (1986) (finding no scienter requirement that defendants know they were obstructing a federal proceeding).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Timothy Duane Arcoren v. United States
8th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Scavo, 593 F.2d 837, 844 (8th Cir.1979) (bookmaker’s statements “virtually incomprehensible to the layman, are fraught with meaning to a person familiar with gambling enterprises”); United States v. Barletta, 565 F.2d 985, 991-92 (8th Cir.1977) (conversations conducted in the “peculiar argot of bookmakers” require expert testimony “to be intelligible to the district court”); see also United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 400 (2d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986) (jury assisted by expert’s description of �…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Walton (2×)
Or. · 1991 · signal: see also · confidence low
This court has interpreted this to mean that the verdict may be affirmed if there is ‘little likelihood that the error affected the verdict.’ State v. Hansen, 304 Or 169, 180-81 , 743 P2d 157 (1987); see also State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 220-22 , 709 P2d 225 (1985).” In State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 220-21 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den 475 US 1141 (1986), this court stated: “OEC 103(1) provides: ‘Evidential error is not presumed to be prejudicial.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Peter J. Boissoneault
2d Cir. · 1991 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 400-01 (2d Cir.1985) (testimony that defendant’s observed role in drug transaction was that of a “steer-er”), ce rt. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986); Young, 745 F.2d at 760-61 (testimony that location frequented by defendants was a narcotics “shooting gallery” and that witnessed incident was a narcotics transaction); Carson, 702 F.2d at 369 (testimony that furtive activity appeared to be sales of narcotics); see also United States v. Theodoropoulos, 866 F.2d 587, 591-92 (3d Cir.1989) (testimony characteri…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Alex Simmons
unknown court · 1991 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., United States v. Brown, 776 F.2d 397, 400 (2d Cir.1985) (permissible for expert to testify that appellant acted as "steerer" in a narcotics sale), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1793 , 90 L.Ed.2d 339 (1986); United States v. Young, 745 F.2d 733, 760-61 (2d Cir.1984) (permissible for expert to testify that, based on his observations, narcotics transaction had taken place), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1084 , 105 S.Ct. 1842 , 85 L.Ed.2d 142 (1985); Carson, 702 F.2d at 369-70 (same).
cited Cited "see, e.g." State v. Bauman
Or. Ct. App. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
State v. Hansen, supra; see also State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 220-21 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den 475 US 1141 (1986).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." City of Portland v. Paulson
Or. Ct. App. · 1989 · signal: see also · confidence low
See ORAP 7.19; State Dept. of Trans. v. Scott, 59 Or App 25 , 28 n 2, 650 P2d 158 (1982); State v. Mendenhall, 53 Or App 174,176 , 631 P2d 791 (1981); see also State v. Miller, 300 Or 203, 220-21 , 709 P2d 225 (1985), cert den 475 US 1141 (1986).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Haverluk (2×)
N.D. · 1988 · signal: see also · confidence low
State v. Kraft, supra ; State v. Janda, 397 N.W.2d 59, 70 (N.D.1986); Explanatory Note to Rule 52, N.D.R.Crim.P.; see also State v. Johnson, 379 N.W.2d 291, 293 (N.D.), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 S.Ct. 1792 , 90 L.Ed.2d 337 (1986).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." State v. Kraft
N.D. · 1987 · signal: see also · confidence low
State v. Janda, 397 N.W.2d 59, 70 (N.D.1986); Explanatory Note to Rule 52, N.D.R.Crim.P.; see also State v. Johnson, 379 N.W.2d 291, 293 (N.D.), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1141 , 106 5.Ct. 1792, 90 L.Ed.2d 337 (1986).
Moore
v.
Volkswagenwerk, A. G.
No. 85-1498.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Apr 28, 1986.
475 U.S. 1141

C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.