green
Positive treatment
9.5 score
Treatment trajectory · 1988 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1988
2007
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 23 distinct citers.
discussed
Cited "but see"
Commonwealth v. Carson
But cf. Minnesota v. Davis, 504 N.W.2d 767 (Minn.1993) (refusing to extend Batson to peremptory challenges on the basis of religion), cert. denied, 511 U.S. 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2120 , 128 L.Ed.2d 679 (1994) (Ginsburg, J., concurring; Thomas, J., dissenting, joined by Scalia, J.).
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
People v. Knowles
The United States Supreme Court has not yet ruled on whether Batson extends to religion-based peremptory challenges (see Davis v Minnesota, 511 US 1115, 1115 [1994]; see also Miller-El v Dretke, 545 US at 270 [Breyer, J., concurring]). .
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
State v. Fuller
Justice Ginsburg observed when the Supreme Court denied certiorari in Davis, supra, that “ ‘religious affiliation is not as self-evident as race or gender,’ ” 511 U.S. at 1115, 114 S.Ct. at 2120, 128 L.Ed.2d at 679 (citation omitted); yet, any person whose religion requires or even encourages certain modes of dress is *200 understood to be affiliated with a specific religion and may be considered by the prosecutor to be demonstrably devout.
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
State v. Fuller
Thus, analyzing the issue in a post J.E.B. environment, the Connecticut Supreme Court concluded in Hodge: "We cannot discern, nor has the state brought to our attention, any `principled basis ... for confining the holding in J.E.B. to the context of sex.'" 726 A. 2d at 552 (quoting Davis v. Minnesota, supra, 511 U.S. at 1117, 114 S.Ct. at 2122 , 128 L.
cited
Cited "see"
Cota v. Thornell
See Cash v. Barnes, 532 F. App’x 18 768, 769 (9th Cir. 2013) (citing Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U.S. 1115 (1994)); Whitehead v. 19 Ryan, No. CV-14-2481-TUC-LCK, 2018 WL 5905915 , at *16 (D.
discussed
Cited "see"
Christopher Young v. Lorie Davis, Director
See Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U.S. 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2120 , 2120-22, 128 L.Ed.2d 679 (1994) (Thomas, J., joined by Scalia, J., dissenting from the denial of certiorari); United States v. Brown, 352 F.3d 654, 669 (2d Cir. 2003); Highler v. State, 854 N.E.2d 823, 829-30 (Ind. 2006); State v. Hodge, 248 Conn. 207 , 726 A.2d 531, 552-53 (1999); State v. Purcell, 199 Ariz. 319 , 18 P.3d 113, 120 (App. 2001), review denied (Oct. 3, 2001); People v. Martin, 64 Cal.App.4th 378 , 75 Cal.Rptr.2d 147, 151 (1998); see also United States v. Stafford, 136 F.3d 1109, 1114 (7th Cir.), modified, 136 F.3d 1115 (7t…
cited
Cited "see"
Arbelaez v. Crews
See Arbelaez v. Florida, 511 U.S. 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2123 , 128 L.Ed.2d 678 (1994).
discussed
Cited "see"
Highler v. State
(2×)
See Davis v. Minmesota, 511 U.S. 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2120 , 128 L.Ed.2d 679 (1994) (denying certiorari on this precise issue); see also Williams v. State, 830 N.E.2d 107 , 111 n. 1 (Ind.Ct.App.2005).
cited
Cited "see"
Williams v. State
See Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U.S. 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2120 , 128 L.Ed.2d 679 (1994) (denying certiorari on this precise issue).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Deborah A. Brown
See Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U.S. 1115, 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2120 , 128 L.Ed.2d 679 (1994) (denying certiorari to appeal from Minnesota Supreme Court decision declining to extend Batson to religion).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. DeJesus
See Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U.S. 1115 (1994) (denying certiorari to appeal from Minnesota Supreme Court decision declining to extend Batson to religion); United States v. Clemmons, 892 F.2d 1153 , 1158 n. 6 (3d Cir. 1990) (declining to consider claim of religious discrimination in exercise of peremptory strike because issue raised for the first time on appeal).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Jerry Dejesus
See Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U.S. 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2120 , 128 L.Ed.2d 679 (1994) (denying certiorari to appeal from Minnesota Supreme Court decision declining to extend Batson to religion); United States v. Clemmons, 892 F.2d 1153 , 1158 n. 6 (3d Cir.1990) (declining to consider claim of religious discrimination in exercise of peremptory strike because issue raised for the first time on appeal).
discussed
Cited "see"
People v. Cash
T.B. (1994) 511 U.S. 127 [ 114 S.Ct. 1419 , 128 L.Ed.2d 89 ]; see Davis v. Minnesota (1994) 511 U.S. 1115 [ 114 S.Ct. 2120 , 128 L.Ed.2d 679 ] (dis. opn. of Thomas, J.) [peremptory challenge to African-American juror because juror was a Jehovah’s Witness].) The United States Supreme Court has set out a three-step process that is required when a party claims that an opponent has improperly discriminated in the exercise of peremptory challenges.
discussed
Cited "see"
Card v. United States
(2×)
See Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U.S. 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2120 , 128 L.Ed.2d 679 (1994) (denying certiorari on this precise issue).
discussed
Cited "see"
Commonwealth v. Fisher
(2×)
See Commonwealth v. Sam, 535 Pa. 350 , 635 A.2d 603 (1993), cert. denied, 511 U.S. 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2123 , 128 L.Ed.2d 678 (1994). 1 Because Section 9711(d)(15) of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa.C.S. § 9711(d)(15), was enacted in 1989, nine years after Appellant committed the murder at issue, the jury should not have been allowed to consider the aggravating circumstance set forth in subsection (d)(15).
cited
Cited "see"
Thorson v. State
See State v. Davis, 504 N.W.2d 767 (Minn.1993), cert. denied, 511 U.S. 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2120 , 128 L.Ed.2d 679 (1994).
cited
Cited "see"
Commonwealth v. Phillips
See Commonwealth v. Sam, 535 Pa. 350 , 635 A.2d 603 (1993), cert. denied, 511 U.S. 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2123 , 128 L.Ed.2d 678 (1994).
cited
Cited "see"
Roger Eric Thorson v. State of Mississippi
See State v. Davis, 504 N.W. 2d 767 (Minn. 1993), cert. denied, 511 U.S. 1115 (1994).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Brady v. Cueva
See, e.g., Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U.S. 1115 (1994) (denying certiorari to review a state supreme court decision declining to extend Batson to religion).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Guidry v. Lumpkin
See, e.g., Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U.S. 1115 (1994) (denying certiorari to review state supreme court decision declining to extend Batson to religion). 10 Case: 20-70005 Document: 00515911045 Page: 11 Date Filed: 06/23/2021 No. 20-70005 recognized that the prosecutor “did not make the comment in isolation.” Rather, the district court found that the prosecution discussed this reason “as a feature of [Washington’s] general disposition.” This analysis indicates that the district court considered Washington’s demeanor and determined that, when viewed “in light of all of the relevant …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Randall Cash v. Ron Barnes
See, e.g., Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U.S. 1115 , 114 S.Ct. 2120 , 128 L.Ed.2d 679 (1994) (denying certiorari to review state supreme court decision declining to extend Batson to religion); but see J.E.B. v. Alabama, 511 U.S. 127, 146 , 114 S.Ct. 1419 , 128 L.Ed.2d 89 (1994) (extending Batson protections to gender-based peremptory challenges).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Miller-El v. Dretke
(2×)
See, e. g., United States v. Brown, 352 F. 3d 654, 668-669 (CA2 2003); State v. Hodge, 248 Conn. 207, 244-246 , 726 A. 2d 531, 553 (1999); United States v. Stafford, 136 F. 3d 1109, 1114 (CA7 1998) (suggesting same); see also Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U. S. 1115, 1117 (1994) (THOMAS, J., dissenting from denial of certiorari).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Paul R. Stafford, Sr., and Robert L. Allison
Compare State v. Davis, 504 N.W.2d 767 (Minn.1993), with People v. Wheeler, 22 Cal.3d 258 , 148 Cal.Rptr. 890 , 583 P.2d 748 (1978), and Davis v. Minnesota, 511 U.S. 1115, 1116 , 114 S.Ct. 2120, 2121 , 128 L.Ed.2d 679 (1994) (dissent from denial of cert.).
Heilig
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 93-8904.
Supreme Court of the United States.
May 23, 1994.
Published
C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.