Treatment trajectory · 1967 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1967
1996
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 6 distinct citers.
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
People v. Nemwan
Cal. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
(E.g., People v. Miller (1977) 18 Cal.3d 873, 886 [ 135 Cal.Rptr. 654 , 558 P.2d 552 ] [robbery and burglary with great bodily injury], overruled on other grounds, as recognized in People v. Oates, supra, 32 Cal.4th at p. 1067, fn. 8 ; In re Ford (1967) 66 Cal.2d 183, 184 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 129 , 424 P.2d 681 ] [robbery and kidnapping for robbery]; People v. Calles (2012) 209 Cal.App.4th 1200, 1216 [ 147 Cal.Rptr.3d 673 ] [gross vehicular manslaughter].) At the risk of engaging in extreme wordsmithing, we observe that as the multiple-victims exception has developed, some courts have strayed from N…
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
People v. Centers
Cal. Ct. App. · 1999 · confidence medium
(In re Ford (1967) 66 Cal.2d 183, 184 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 129 , 424 P.2d 681 ] [kidnapping for robbery]; In re Wright, supra, 65 Cal.2d at p. 656 [kidnapping for robbery]; People v. Guevara (1979) 88 Cal.App.3d 86, 90 [ 151 Cal.Rptr. 511 ] [simple kidnapping].) Kidnapping for ransom, however, can be committed by “seiz[ing], confining], inveigling], entic[ing], decoy[ing], abduct[ing], [or] concealing]” the victim.
examined
Cited as authority (rule)
People v. Masters
(4×)
Cal. Ct. App. · 1987 · confidence medium
(People v. Miller (1977) 18 Cal.3d 873, 885 [ 135 Cal.Rptr. 654 , 558 P.2d 552 ]; People v. Milan (1973) 9 Cal.3d 185, 197 [ 107 Cal.Rptr. 68 , 507 P.2d 956 ]; In re Ford (1967) 66 Cal.2d 183, 183-184 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 129 , 424 P.2d 681 ]; People v. Burney (1981) 115 Cal.App.3d 497, 506 [ 171 Cal.Rptr. 329 ]; People v. Prater (1977) 71 Cal.App.3d 695, 699 [ 139 Cal.Rptr. 566 ]; People v. Braun (1973) 29 Cal.App.3d 949, 975 [ 106 Cal.Rptr. 56 ], cert. den. sub nom.
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
People v. Milan
Cal. · 1973 · confidence medium
(See People v. Beamon, supra . ) (10) The attempted murder of Robert and the robbery of Lester constituted crimes of violence against persons other than Burney and therefore are proper subjects of separate sentences. ( In re Ford, 66 Cal.2d 183, 184 [ 57 Cal. Rptr. 129 , 424 P.2d 681 ]; In re Wright, 65 Cal.2d 650, 656 [ 56 Cal. Rptr. 110 , 422 P.2d 998 ]; People v. Ridley, 63 Cal.2d 671, 678 [ 47 Cal. Rptr. 796 , 408 P.2d 124 ]; Neal v. State of California, supra, 55 Cal.2d 11, 21 ; see People v. Bauer, 1 Cal.3d 368, 377-378 [ 82 Cal. Rptr. 357 , 461 P.2d 637 , 37 A.L.R.3d 1398 ].) Conclusion…
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
People v. Milan
Cal. · 1973 · confidence medium
(In re Ford, 66 Cal.2d 183, 184 [ 57 Cal.Rptr. 129 , 424 P.2d 681 ]; In re Wright, 65 Cal.2d 650, 656 [ 56 Cal.Rptr. 110 , 422 P.2d 998 ]; People v. Ridley, 63 Cal.2d 671, 678 [ 47 Cal.Rptr. 796 , 408 P.2d 124 ]; Neal v. State of California, supra, 55 Cal.2d 11, 21 ; see People v. Bauer, 1 Cal.3d 368, 377-378 [ 82 Cal.Rptr. 357 , 461 P.2d 637 , 37 A.L.R.3d 1398 ].) Conclusion The judgment is modified to provide a punishment of life imprisonment on the murder count.
examined
Cited "see"
People v. Centers
(5×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
Cal. Ct. App. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
Both kidnapping for robbery (Pen.Code, § 209, subd. (b)) and simple kidnapping *162 (Pen.Code, § 207, subd. (a)) require force or fear. ( People v. Davis, supra, 10 Cal.4th at p. 517, fn. 13 , 41 Cal.Rptr.2d 826 , 896 P.2d 119 [simple kidnapping]; see People v. Daniels, supra, 71 Cal.2d at p. 1126 , 80 Cal.Rptr. 897 , 459 P.2d 225 [definition of kidnapping for robbery incorporates elements of simple kidnapping].) Thus, both kidnapping for robbery and simple kidnapping have been held to be violent crimes for purposes of the multiple victim exception. ( In re Ford (1967) 66 Cal.2d 183, 184 , 5…