California Codes

Cal. Civil Code § 1788.2 (2026)

✓ current as of May 2026

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(a)Definitions and rules of construction set forth in this section are applicable for the purpose of this title.

(b)The term “debt collection” means any act or practice in connection with the collection of covered debts.

(c)The term “debt collector” means any person who, in the ordinary course of business, regularly, on behalf of that person or others, engages in debt collection. The term includes any person who composes and sells, or offers to compose and sell, forms, letters, and other collection media used or intended to be used for debt collection.

(d)The term “debt” means money, property, or their equivalent that is due or owing or alleged to be due or owing from a natural person to another person.

(e)The term “consumer credit transaction” means a transaction between a natural person and another person in which property, services, or money is acquired on credit by that natural person from the other person primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.

(f)The terms “consumer debt” and “consumer credit” mean money, property, or their equivalent, due or owing or alleged to be due or owing from a natural person by reason of a consumer credit transaction. The term “consumer debt” includes a mortgage debt.

(g)The term “person” means a natural person, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, trust, estate, cooperative, association, or other similar entity.

(h)(1)Except as provided in Section 1788.18, the term “debtor” means a natural person from whom a debt collector seeks to collect a covered debt that is due and owing or alleged to be due and owing from that person.

(2)In relation to a covered commercial debt or covered commercial credit, a “debtor” shall mean a natural person who guarantees an obligation related to a covered commercial credit transaction.

(i)The term “creditor” means a person who extends covered credit to a debtor.

(j)The term “consumer credit report” means any written, oral, or other communication of any information by a consumer reporting agency bearing on a consumer’s creditworthiness, credit standing, credit capacity, character, general reputation, personal characteristics, or mode of living that is used or expected to be used or collected in whole or in part for the purpose of serving as a factor in establishing the consumer’s eligibility for (1) credit or insurance to be used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) employment purposes, or (3) other purposes authorized under any applicable federal or state law or regulation. The term does not include (a) any report containing information solely as to transactions or experiences between the consumer and the person making the report; (b) any authorization or approval of a specific extension of credit directly or indirectly by the issuer of a credit card or similar device; or (c) any report in which a person who has been requested by a third party to make a specific extension of credit directly or indirectly to a consumer conveys that person’s decision with respect to that request, if the third party advises the consumer of the name and address of the person to whom the request was made, and the person makes the disclosures to the consumer required under any applicable federal or state law or regulation.

(k)The term “consumer reporting agency” means any person that, for monetary fees, dues, or on a cooperative nonprofit basis, regularly engages, in whole or in part, in the practice of assembling or evaluating consumer credit information or other information on consumers for the purpose of furnishing consumer credit reports to third parties and uses any means or facility for the purpose of preparing or furnishing consumer credit reports.

(l)The term “covered debt” means a consumer debt or a covered commercial debt.

(m)The term “covered credit” means consumer credit or covered commercial credit.

(n)(1)The terms “covered commercial debt” and “covered commercial credit” mean money due or owing or alleged to be due or owing from a natural person to a lender, a commercial financing provider, as defined in Section 22800 of the Financial Code, or a debt buyer, as defined in Section 1788.50, by reason of one or more covered commercial credit transactions, provided the total amount of all covered commercial credit transactions and all other noncovered commercial credit transactions due and owing by the debtor or other person obligated under the transactions to the same lender, commercial financing provider, or debt buyer is no more than five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000).

(A)For credit owed to a lender or commercial financing provider, the total value of credit per transaction is determined as of when the transaction is first entered into and is the maximum amount that the creditor is contractually required to provide or make available to the debtor over the life of the transaction or is the maximum amount that is enumerated in an open-end credit agreement.

(B)The value of credit for each transaction for a debt buyer is the amount owing or alleged to be owing to the debt buyer when the debt buyer acquires the rights of the lender or commercial financing provider in the commercial credit.

(2)Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, covered commercial debt does not include either of the following:

(A)Trade credit.

(B)A commercial financing transaction in which the recipient is a dealer as defined by Section 285 of the Vehicle Code, or an affiliate of the dealer, pursuant to a specific commercial financing offer or commercial open-end credit plan of at least fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), including, but not limited to, a commercial loan made pursuant to that commercial financing transaction.

(o)The term “covered commercial credit transaction” means a transaction between a person and another person in which a total value of no more than five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000), is acquired on credit by that person from the other person for use primarily for other than personal, family, or household purposes.

(p)The term “trade credit” means an extension of credit that meets both of the following conditions:

(1)The credit is extended by a person whose primary business is the furnishing or provision of goods, materials, equipment, or services.

(2)The credit is extended in connection with the furnishing or provision of goods, materials, equipment, or services, unless the transaction is structured as “lease financing” as defined in Section 22800 of the Financial Code.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 92 cases (26 in the last 5 years), 1988–2025 · leading case: Huy Thanh Vo v. Nelson & Kennard, 931 F. Supp. 2d 1080 (E.D. Cal. 2013).

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Huy Thanh Vo v. Nelson & Kennard, 931 F. Supp. 2d 1080 (E.D. Cal. 2013). · cites it 4× “Bank and the Owings, Minasyan, and Ayvazian courts rely upon is brief and worth reproducing in full: Plaintiff’s fourth cause of action alleges that, in telling her “non-payment of her debt would result in her arrest when in fact such action was not contemplated and not…”

Aurora Loan Servs., LLC v. Kmiecik, 2013 IL App (1st) 121700 (Ill. App. Ct. 2013). · cites it 2× “2 See Cal. Civ. Code § 1788.2 (West 2010). California courts have held that the foreclosure of a property pursuant to a deed of trust is not debt collection within the meaning of the Rosenthal Act.”

Joann Riggs v. Prober & Raphael, a Law Corp., 681 F.3d 1097 (9th Cir. 2012). · cites it 2× “§ 1692a(5), and a "consumer debt” under California Civil Code § 1788.2(f), or that Prober is a "debt collector” under the FDCPA, 15 U.”

Rockridge Trust v. Wells Fargo, N.A., 985 F. Supp. 2d 1110 (N.D. Cal. 2013). · cites it 2× “” Cal. Civ. Code § 1788.2 (d). Numerous courts have held that the mere allegation that a defendant foreclosed on a deed of trust does not implicate the Rosenthal Act.”

Robinson v. Managed Accounts Receivables Corp., 654 F. Supp. 2d 1051 (C.D. Cal. 2009). · cites it 2× “” Cal. Civ. Code § 1788.2 (c). Defendants argue that “LOCF is a law office and therefore a counselor at law” under the California FDCPA.”

Abels v. JBC Legal Grp., P.C., 227 F.R.D. 541 (N.D. Cal. 2005). · cites it 2× “The Defendants make two arguments against this sub-class: 1) CA FDCPA does not apply to lawyers or law firms (Cal. Civ.Code § 1788.2(c); 2) CA FDCPA specifically states that the remedies are only recoverable in the procedural context of an individual (Cal.”

Castaneda v. Saxon Mortg. Servs., Inc., 687 F. Supp. 2d 1191 (E.D. Cal. 2009). · cites it 2× “), and fails to allege other essential elements of the statute necessary to establish liability as a “debt collector,” namely that the deed of trust memorializes a “consumer credit transaction” and that the amount owed under the deed of trust is a “consumer debt” according to…”

Davidson v. Seterus, Inc., 230 Cal. Rptr. 3d 441 (Cal. Ct. App. 5th 2018). “§ 1692a or Cal. Civ. Code § 1788.2 and therefore [lender] is entitled to summary judgment on plaintiff's FDCPA and [Rosenthal Act] claims"].”

Hamilton v. Bank of Blue Valley, 746 F. Supp. 2d 1160 (E.D. Cal. 2010). · cites it 2× “” Cal. Civ.Code, § 1788.2(c). “[F]oreclosure does not constitute debt collection under the RFDCPA.”

Maxine Gilliam v. Joel Levine, 955 F.3d 1117 (9th Cir. 2020). · cites it 2× “§ 2606 (a); Cal. Civ. Code § 1788.2 (e). TILA defines such transactions carefully.”

Lopez-Reyes v. Kenosian & Miele, LLP, 525 F. Supp. 2d 1158 (N.D. Cal. 2007). · cites it 2× “See Cal. Civ.Code § 1788.2(c); 15 U.S.C. § 1692a(6).”

Saldate v. Wilshire Credit Corp., 711 F. Supp. 2d 1126 (E.D. Cal. 2010). · cites it 2× “” Cal. Civ.Code, § 1788.2(c). “[Foreclosure does not constitute debt collection under the RFDCPA.”

Show all 92 citing cases →

— Cal. Civil Code § 1788.2(b) — 4 cases

Castaneda v. Saxon Mortg. Servs., Inc., 687 F. Supp. 2d 1191 (E.D. Cal. 2009). “), and fails to allege other essential elements of the statute necessary to establish liability as a “debt collector,” namely that the deed of trust memorializes a “consumer credit transaction” and that the amount owed under the deed of trust is a “consumer debt” according to…”

Masuda v. Citibank, N.A., 38 F. Supp. 3d 1130 (N.D. Cal. 2014).

McGrew v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 628 F. Supp. 2d 1237 (S.D. Cal. 2009).

Weakley v. Redline Recovery Servs., LLC, 723 F. Supp. 2d 1341 (S.D. Cal. 2010).

— Cal. Civil Code § 1788.2(c) — 30 cases

Abels v. JBC Legal Grp., P.C., 227 F.R.D. 541 (N.D. Cal. 2005). “The Defendants make two arguments against this sub-class: 1) CA FDCPA does not apply to lawyers or law firms (Cal. Civ.Code § 1788.2(c); 2) CA FDCPA specifically states that the remedies are only recoverable in the procedural context of an individual (Cal.”

Hamilton v. Bank of Blue Valley, 746 F. Supp. 2d 1160 (E.D. Cal. 2010). “” Cal. Civ.Code, § 1788.2(c). “[F]oreclosure does not constitute debt collection under the RFDCPA.”

Huy Thanh Vo v. Nelson & Kennard, 931 F. Supp. 2d 1080 (E.D. Cal. 2013). “Bank and the Owings, Minasyan, and Ayvazian courts rely upon is brief and worth reproducing in full: Plaintiff’s fourth cause of action alleges that, in telling her “non-payment of her debt would result in her arrest when in fact such action was not contemplated and not…”

Joann Riggs v. Prober & Raphael, a Law Corp., 681 F.3d 1097 (9th Cir. 2012). “§ 1692a(5), and a "consumer debt” under California Civil Code § 1788.2(f), or that Prober is a "debt collector” under the FDCPA, 15 U.”

Rockridge Trust v. Wells Fargo, N.A., 985 F. Supp. 2d 1110 (N.D. Cal. 2013). “” Cal. Civ. Code § 1788.2 (d). Numerous courts have held that the mere allegation that a defendant foreclosed on a deed of trust does not implicate the Rosenthal Act.”

— Cal. Civil Code § 1788.2(d) — 2 cases

Luchini v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (In re Luchini), 511 B.R. 664 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. 2014).

Elbert v. Roundpoint Mortg. Servicing Corp. (N.D. Cal. 2020).

— Cal. Civil Code § 1788.2(e) — 2 cases

Davis v. Midland Funding, LLC, 41 F. Supp. 3d 919 (E.D. Cal. 2014).

Paredes v. Credit Consulting Servs., Inc. (Cal. Ct. App. 2022).

— Cal. Civil Code § 1788.2(f) — 4 cases

Weakley v. Redline Recovery Servs., LLC, 723 F. Supp. 2d 1341 (S.D. Cal. 2010).

Elbert v. Roundpoint Mortg. Servicing Corp. (N.D. Cal. 2020).

Romero v. Monterey Fin. Servs., LLC (S.D. Cal. 2021).

— Cal. Civil Code § 1788.2(g) — 1 case

— Cal. Civil Code § 1788.2(h) — 1 case

Masuda v. Citibank, N.A., 38 F. Supp. 3d 1130 (N.D. Cal. 2014).

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