California Codes
Cal. Civil Code § 2307 (2026)
✓ current as of May 2026
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An agency may be created, and an authority may be conferred, by a precedent authorization or a subsequent ratification.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 41
cases (10 in the last 5 years), 1954–2026 · leading case: Van't Rood v. Cnty. of Santa Clara, 2003 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 10052 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003).
Van't Rood v. Cnty. of Santa Clara, 2003 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 10052 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003). “. .” (Civ. Code, § 2310.) Thus, where the equal dignities rule applies, it requires formal, written ratification.”
People ex rel. Lockyer v. Fremont Life Ins., 2002 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 12142 (Cal. Ct. App. 2002). “[Appellant] is responsible for the acts of AMA under the theory of agency, and under the theory of ratification [(Civ. Code, §§ 2307, 2311)], since [appellant] accepted the substantial benefits of AMA’s conduct, and designated AMA and the salespersons as its agents.”
Gerritsen v. Warner Bros. Ent. Inc., 116 F. Supp. 3d 1104 (C.D. Cal. 2015). “” Cal. Civ.Code § 2307. The fact that there was no agency relationship between WB and Katja and New Line in 1999, therefore, does not preclude the creation of such an agency through WB’s subsequent ratification of the Contract and Guaranty.”
Kinney v. Vaccari, 612 P.2d 877 (Cal. 1980). “In any event, in its written opinion the trial court also recited that it was satisfied from the evidence that Senior’s subsequent conduct in this case constituted a ratification of any acts of Junior that may have exceeded the scope of his employment.”
Iverson v. Atlas Pac. Eng'g, 143 Cal. App. 3d 219 (Cal. Ct. App. 1983). “) Appellant's complaint similarly contains allegations that Atlas failed to "criticize, censure, terminate, suspend or otherwise sanction or take any action" against Cook after being informed of his tortious conduct, and thereby ratified the conduct of its employee.”
Rakestraw v. Rodrigues, 500 P.2d 1401 (Cal. 1972). “588, 597 ; Civ. Code, § 2307; Rest.2d Agency, § 100.”
Edinburgh Assurance Co. v. R. L. Burns Corp., 479 F. Supp. 138 (C.D. Cal. 1979). “Cal.Civ.Code § 2307 (West); Rakestraw v. Rodrigues, 8 Cal.”
Heiman v. Workers' Comp. Appeals Bd., 72 Cal. Comp. Cases 314 (Cal. Ct. App. 2007). “Code, § 2304), and receives authority either by prior agreement or ratification (Civ. Code, § 2307). Prior authority was clearly provided by the Agreement and the Association meeting.”
UFCW & Employers Benefit Trust v. Sutter Health CA1/5, 241 Cal. App. 4th 909 (Cal. Ct. App. 2015). “The Provider Appeal referenced Sutter’s position that the terms and conditions of the Provider Contract “apply to BOTH Blue Shield and all payers [] accessing the Blue Shield contract,” as well as specifically referencing Blue Shield’s obligation to ensure that such other payors…”
Shultz Steel Co. v. Hartford Accident & Indem. Co., 187 Cal. App. 3d 513 (Cal. Ct. App. 1986). “” (Civ. Code, § 2307.) “A ratification can be made .”
Ripani v. Liberty Loan Corp., 95 Cal. App. 3d 603 (Cal. Ct. App. 1979). “(Civ. Code, § 2307.) In order to establish actual or ostensible authority of an agent, the principal’s consent need not be express, but may be implied from the facts of a particular case.”
Provience v. Valley Clerks Trust Fund, 6 Employee Benefits Cas. (BNA) 1153 (Cal. Ct. App. 1984). “(Civ. Code, § 2307.) 6 Because we conclude his claim is preempted, we do not reach the question whether summary judgment should have been granted on the merits.”
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