California Codes
Cal. Civil Code § 2310 (2026)
✓ current as of May 2026
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A ratification can be made only in the manner that would have been necessary to confer an original authority for the act ratified, or where an oral authorization would suffice, by accepting or retaining the benefit of the act, with notice thereof.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 31
cases (4 in the last 5 years), 1945–2024 · leading case: Van't Rood v. Cnty. of Santa Clara, 2003 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 10052 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003).
Van't Rood v. Cnty. of Santa Clara, 2003 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 10052 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003). “” (Civ. Code, § 2310.) Thus, where the equal dignities rule applies, it requires formal, written ratification.”
Ajaxo Inc. v. E Trade Grp., Inc., 2005 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 10730 (Cal. Ct. App. 2005). “” (Civ. Code, § 2310.) *68 In Pusateri v. E.”
Marteney v. Elementis Chems. Inc., 240 Cal. Rptr. 3d 1 (Cal. Ct. App. 5th 2018). “"Ratification is the subsequent adoption by one claiming the benefits of an act, which without authority, another has voluntarily done while ostensibly acting as the agent of him who affirms the act and who had the power to confer authority (Civ. Code, §§ 2310, 2312 )." (…”
Rakestraw v. Rodrigues, 500 P.2d 1401 (Cal. 1972). “) Finally, Civil Code section 2310 was not intended to’ apply to-a ratification as between a principal and agent.”
UFCW & Employers Benefit Trust v. Sutter Health CA1/5, 241 Cal. App. 4th 909 (Cal. Ct. App. 2015). “” (Civ. Code, §2310; see Lindsay-Field v. Friendly, supra, 36 Cal.”
Shultz Steel Co. v. Hartford Accident & Indem. Co., 187 Cal. App. 3d 513 (Cal. Ct. App. 1986). “” (Civ. Code, § 2310.) “Ratification of part of an indivisible transaction is a ratification of the whole.”
Ripani v. Liberty Loan Corp., 95 Cal. App. 3d 603 (Cal. Ct. App. 1979). “Defendant, although aware that Anderson had purported to exercise the option in the lease and that plaintiff was relying thereon, took no action to communicate to plaintiff that Anderson was without authority to do so and in fact remained in the premises beyond the termination…”
Boling v. Pub. Emp. Relations Bd., 10 Cal. App. 5th 853 (Cal. Ct. App. 2017). “ure impacting a subject otherwise negotiable under the MMBA violates the meet-and-confer provisions (or any other provision) of the MMBA, and we are convinced Sanders was entitled to support the CPRI (either as an individual or through capitalizing on his office’s bully pulpit)…”
Mix v. Superior Court, 2004 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 10754 (Cal. Ct. App. 2004). “4 Civil Code section 2310 provides: “A ratification can be made only in the manner that would have been necessary to confer an original authority for the act ratified, or where an oral authorization would suffice, by accepting or retaining the benefit of the act, with notice…”
Reusche v. California Pac. Title Ins., 231 Cal. App. 2d 731 (Cal. Ct. App. 1965). “Ratification Ratification is the subsequent adoption by one claiming the benefits of an act, which without authority, another has voluntarily done while ostensibly acting as the agent of him who affirms the act and who had the power to confer authority (Civ. Code, §§ 2310,…”
Bliss v. Sec.-First Nat'l Bank, 183 P.2d 312 (Cal. Ct. App. 1947). “(Civ. Code, § 2310.) Is it conceivable that Mrs.”
Franklin v. Hansen, 381 P.2d 386 (Cal. 1963). “5; Civ. Code, § 2310.) We have before considered the nature of a memorandum sufficient to satisfy subdivision 5 of section 1624.”
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