White & Assocs., Inc. v. Decker & Hallman, P.C., 416 S.E.2d 352 (Ga. Ct. App. 1992). · Go Syfert
White & Assocs., Inc. v. Decker & Hallman, P.C., 416 S.E.2d 352 (Ga. Ct. App. 1992). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
15 citation events (5 in the last 25 years) across 1 distinct court.
Strongest positive: Bellsouth Advertising & Publishing Corp. v. McCollum (gactapp, 1993-07-13)
Top citers, strongest first. 3 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bellsouth Advertising & Publishing Corp. v. McCollum (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
“To constitute a valid contract, there must be parties able to contract, a consideration moving to the contract, the assent of the parties to the terms of the contract, and a subject matter upon which the contract can operate.” OCGA § 13-3-1. “ ‘A contract cannot be enforced in any form of action if its terms are incomplete or incomprehensible.’ [Cits.]” White & Assoc. v. Decker & Hallman, P.C., 203 Ga. App. 14, 15 (1) ( 416 SE2d 352 ) (1992).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Trebor Corp. v. Nutmeg Industries, Inc.
Ga. Ct. App. · 1993 · confidence medium
Brinson Lamb & Sons Lumber, 121 Ga. App. 702, 703 ( 175 SE2d 81 ) (1970); White & Assoc. v. Decker & Hallman, 203 Ga. App. 14, 15 (1) ( 416 SE2d 352 ) (1992).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Campbell v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2007 · signal: see also · confidence medium
Johnson, P. J., and Mikell, J., concur. 1 Martinez v. State, 278 Ga. App. 500 ( 629 SE2d 485 ) (2006) (citation omitted). 2 Florence v. State, 282 Ga. App. 31, 32 (1) ( 637 SE2d 779 ) (2006) (footnote omitted). 3 OCGA § 16-8-3 (b)(5). 4 Kimble v. State, 209 Ga. App. 36, 37 (1) ( 432 SE2d 636 ) (1993); Holt v. State, 184 Ga. App. 664, 665-666 (1) ( 362 SE2d 464 ) (1987). 5 OCGA § 16-8-3 (b) (5). 6 OCGA § 13-3-1; Mitchell Realty Group v. Holt, 266 Ga. App. 217, 219 ( 596 SE2d 625 ) (2004); see also Cline v. Lee, 260 Ga. App. 164, 168 (1) ( 581 SE2d 558 ) (2003) (requiring for enforceable cont…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
WHITE & ASSOCIATES, INC.
v.
DECKER & HALLMAN, P.C. Et Al.
A91A1595.
Court of Appeals of Georgia.
Feb 20, 1992.
416 S.E.2d 352
Fortson & White, John A. Howard, Marion Smith II, Ware & Associates, Jay L. Drew, for appellant., Alston & Bird, William H. Hughes, Jr., A. McCampbell Gibson, for appellees.
Sognier, McMurray, Andrews.
Cited by 7 opinions  |  Published
Sognier, Chief Judge.

White & Associates, Inc. (White), a real estate brokerage, brought suit against Decker & Hallman, P.C. (“D & H”) and Coldwell Banker Commercial Group, Inc. alleging it was entitled to recover from D & H commissions due under an exclusive agency agreement and seeking damages from Coldwell for tortiously interfering with its contractual relationship with D & H. In the alternative, White sought from D & H the value of services it allegedly rendered D & H in connection with the execution of a lease of office space. The trial court granted the defendants’ motion for summary judgment, and White appeals.

1. Appellant contends summary judgment was improperly entered for appellees because questions of fact exist whether appellant and appellee D & H entered into an exclusive agency agreement. The record reveals that as the result of a “cold call,” appellant’s assistant vice president, Peter Corry, met with an associate at D & H regarding its search for new office space in late 1987. Corry subsequently showed D & H partner Ed Hallman various available office spaces. Corry deposed that he raised the issue of the contractual relationship between the parties in Hallman’s office in December 1987 and was told by Hallman that because of Corry’s expertise in the markets in which D & H was interested, D & H “would work only with” Corry. The record supports the trial court’s finding that this testimony is the only evidence that the parties agreed to an exclusive agency agreement. It is uncontroverted that D & H did not receive any of the registration letters sent by appellant to leasing offices of the commercial buildings considered by D & H, in which letters appellant informed the various landlords that it was D & H’s exclusive agent.

“The first requirement of the law relative to contracts is that[*15] there must be a meeting of the minds of the parties, and mutuality ([cits.]), and in order for the contract to be valid the agreement must ordinarily be expressed plainly and explicitly enough to show what the parties agreed upon. [Cits.] A contract cannot be enforced in any form of action if its terms are incomplete or incomprehensible.” West v. Downer, 218 Ga. 235, 241 (5) (127 SE2d 359) (1962). See Patel v. Gingrey Assoc., 196 Ga. App. 203, 206 (2) (395 SE2d 595) (1990); see also Farmer v. Argenta, 174 Ga. App. 682, 683 (331 SE2d 60) (1985). While a contract will not be held unenforceable for indefiniteness because its performance is, as to particular details, left open to subsequent agreement of the parties, see Advance Security v. Superior Surgical &c. Co., 197 Ga. App. 769, 771 (1) (399 SE2d 488) (1990), extrinsic information “may not be utilized to supply that which is essential to constitute a valid contract. [Cit.]” West, supra at 242. Appellant argues that all the other terms of the exclusive agency agreement, such as the duration of the alleged exclusive agency, the extent of appellant’s duties as agent, and the amount of compensation appellant was to receive for performing these undefined duties, could be inferred from standards in the industry or by standards of reasonableness implied by law, citing Griffith v. Fed. Deposit Ins. Corp., 242 Ga. 367, 368 (249 SE2d 54) (1978). However, not only did appellant fail to adduce evidence regarding the existence and scope of the custom and usage of realty standards, see Georgia Timberlands v. Southern Airway Co., 125 Ga. App. 404, 406 (2) (b) (188 SE2d 108) (1972) (applying predecessor to OCGA § 11-1-205), it is well established that “ ‘[w]here there is no contract, proof of usage will not make one.’ [Cit.]” Newark Fire Ins. Co. v. Smith, 176 Ga. 91, 94 (167 SE 79) (1932). Se also White Lumber Sales v. C. Brinson Lamb &c. Co., 121 Ga. App. 702, 703 (175 SE2d 81) (1970) (although UCC recognizes course of dealing and usage of trade, “there must first be an agreement upon which these factors can be brought to bear”).

“A court will not carry a contract into effect where it is left to ascertain the intention of the parties by mere guess or conjecture. [Cit.]” Hughes v. McMichen, 164 Ga. App. 304, 305 (296 SE2d 233) (1982). Hence, the trial court correctly granted summary judgment in favor of D & H on appellant’s breach of contract claim. See id.

2. Because no enforceable contract was created in December 1987 between appellant and D & H, it follows that the trial court did not err by granting summary judgment in favor of appellee Coldwell Banker on appellant’s claim of tortious interference with that contract. See Shanco Intl., Ltd. v. Digital Controls, 169 Ga. App. 184, 186 (2) (312 SE2d 150) (1983); Charles v. Simmons, 215 Ga. 794, 797 (3) (113 SE2d 604) (1960).

3. Appellant contends the trial court erred by granting D & H’s motion for summary judgment on its claim for compensation based on[*16] quantum meruit. The record reveals that after Corry initiated contact with D & H, he and principals of D & H toured 12 different office buildings, including Peachtree Center. D & H was interested primarily in another building, however, and the contact with Peachtree Center did not result in a lease proposal by the parties. When no satisfactory arrangement with the representatives of the other building could be arranged, D & H withdrew from the market and attempted from April to June 1988 to renegotiate its lease with its then landlord. In August 1988, Corry was notified by D & H that his services were no longer needed. D & H then entered into an exclusive agency agreement with Coldwell Banker. In October-November 1988 D & H and Peachtree Center began negotiations that ultimately resulted in the law firm renting space there for which Coldwell Banker received a commission. Appellant adduced no evidence that in consummating the lease contract with Peachtree Center, either appellee benefitted from any of appellant’s previous efforts.

Decided February 20, 1992. Fortson & White, John A. Howard, Marion Smith II, Ware & Associates, Jay L. Drew, for appellant. Alston & Bird, William H. Hughes, Jr., A. McCampbell Gibson, for appellees.

Contrary to appellant’s contention, this court has applied the “procuring cause” rule seen typically in the context of real estate sales contracts, see Doyal & Assoc. v. Wilma Southeast, 174 Ga. App. 851, 852 (2) (332 SE2d 24) (1985), to brokers’ claims regarding the execution of lease agreements. Meinhard v. Stillwell Realty Co., 47 Ga. App. 194 (169 SE 732) (1933). Applying that rule here, the evidence of record clearly established that appellant was not the procuring cause of the lease agreement and that appellees did not benefit from appellant’s efforts in procuring that lease. Thus, appellant’s argument that a jury question remains as to its alleged entitlement to a quantum meruit award must also fail. Doyal & Assoc., supra at 852 (3).

Judgment affirmed.

McMurray, P. J., and Andrews, J., concur.