Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 528 S.E.2d 902 (N.C. 2000). · Go Syfert
Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 528 S.E.2d 902 (N.C. 2000). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
167 citation events (167 in the last 25 years) across 8 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Costanzo v. Currituck County (nc, 2026-05-22)
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2001 2013 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Costanzo v. Currituck County
N.C. · 2026 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
ourts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Ashe County v. Ashe Cnty. Plan. Bd.
N.C. · 2025 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
ourts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) State v. Cable (2×) also: Cited as authority (quoted)
N.C. Ct. App. · 2024 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
n the absence of a contextual definition, look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of the
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Perkins v. The New York Times Company
S.D.N.Y. · 2023 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
nothing else appearing, the legislature is presumed to have used the words of a statute to convey their natural and ordinary meaning.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Se. Auto., Inc. v. Genuine Parts Co. (2×) also: Cited as authority (quoted)
N.C. Bus. Ct. · 2017 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
in the absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Wind v. City of Gastonia (3×) also: Cited as authority (rule), Cited "see, e.g."
N.C. Ct. App. · 2013 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
ourts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) City of Asheville v. Huskey (2×) also: Cited as authority (quoted)
N.C. Ct. App. · 2010 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
in the absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) In Re Webber (2×) also: Cited as authority (quoted)
N.C. Ct. App. · 2009 · signal: see · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
in the absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Christopher J. Rogers
Bankr. M.D.N.C. · 2025 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000) (quoting In re McLean Trucking Co., 281 N.C. 242, 252 , 188 S.E.2d 452, 458 (1972)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Schooldev E., LLC v. Town of Wake Forest
N.C. · 2024 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 (2000)); see also The Law of Zoning and Planning § 5:11 (“Where a word or term is not defined for the purposes of the ordinance, it will usually be given its plain, ordinary, and usually understood meaning.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) N.C. Cemetery Comm'n v. Smoky Mountain Mem'l Parks
N.C. Ct. App. · 2024 · confidence medium
However, “[i]n the absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rimmer v. Town of Chapel Hill
N.C. Ct. App. · 2022 · confidence medium
Jurisdictional findings of fact, however, are “not conclusive on appeal, even if supported by competent evidence.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 903-04 (2000) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rimmer v. Town of Chapel Hill
N.C. Ct. App. · 2022 · confidence medium
Jurisdictional findings of fact, however, are “not conclusive on appeal, even if supported by competent evidence.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 903-04 (2000) (citations omitted).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Southern Power Company v. Cleveland County
4th Cir. · 2022 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (N.C. 2000)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Southern Power Company v. Cleveland County
4th Cir. · 2022 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (N.C. 2000)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Barrow v. Sargent
N.C. Ct. App. · 2021 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Barrow v. Sargent
N.C. Ct. App. · 2021 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Mitchell v. Boswell
N.C. Ct. App. · 2020 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000)). -8- MITCHELL, ET AL.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Mitchell v. Boswell
N.C. Ct. App. · 2020 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000)). -8- MITCHELL, ET AL.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Mendes's Case (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Mass. · 2020 · confidence medium
Inc., 20 A.D.3d 612, 613 (N.Y. 2005), citing Matter of Nashko v. Standard Water Proofing Co., 4 N.Y.2d 199, 201 (1958) ("The inquiry does not focus on the location of the employer, but upon the location of the employment"); Todacheene v. G & S Masonry, 116 N.M. 478, 481 (1993) (claimant may recover under State workers' compensation act if employment "principally localized" in State, as defined by statute to mean employee is domiciled in State and spends "substantial part of his working time in service of his employer" in State); Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., 351 N.C. 634, 637 (2000) (ju…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McGuine v. Nat'l Copier Logistics
N.C. Ct. App. · 2020 · confidence medium
NAT’L COPIER, LLC Opinion of the Court its consideration of all the evidence in the record.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 903-04 (2000) (internal marks and citation omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McGuine v. Nat'l Copier Logistics
N.C. Ct. App. · 2020 · confidence medium
NAT’L COPIER, LLC Opinion of the Court its consideration of all the evidence in the record.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 903-04 (2000) (internal marks and citation omitted).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Timbercreek Land & Timber Co. v. Robbins
N.C. Bus. Ct. · 2017 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000); Powe v. Centerpoint Human Servs., 215 N.C.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Home Depot U.S.A., Inc. v. N.C. Dep't of Revenue
N.C. Bus. Ct. · 2015 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Burley v. U.S. Foods, Inc. (2×)
N.C. · 2015 · confidence medium
But “the Commission’s findings of jurisdictional fact are not conclusive on appeal, even if supported by competent evidence.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 903-04 (2000) (citing, inter alia, Lucas v. Li’l Gen.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Taylor v. Howard Transportation, Inc.
N.C. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
Opinion of the Court Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 903-04 (2000) (citations and quotation marks omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Fort v. County of Cumberland
N.C. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
“In the absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a[n ordinance.]” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000) (citation omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) City of Asheville v. Aly
N.C. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
It is well established that “[i]n the absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning *628 of words within a statute.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Dickson v. Rucho, 366 NC 332 (2×)
N.C. · 2013 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wake County v. hotels.com, L.P.
N.C. Bus. Ct. · 2012 · confidence medium
App. 729, 734 , 574 S.E.2d 694, 698 (2003) (citing Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Services, Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000)). purchaser to the taxable establishment,” and oblige “[e]very operator of a taxable establishment [to] . . . collect the tax.” Mecklenburg Ordinance I §§ 3, 5; Mecklenburg Ordinance II §§ 3–4; Wake Resolution §§ 1, 3. {35} Taxable establishment is defined in Mecklenburg Ordinance I, as “[a]ny hotel, motel, inn, tourist camp, or similar place that is required to collect a room occupancy tax levied pursuant to this Ordinance.” Mecklenbu…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) STARK EX REL. JACOBSEN v. Ford Motor Co. (2×)
N.C. · 2012 · confidence medium
Tracking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Privette
N.C. Ct. App. · 2012 · confidence medium
“In the absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute.” Perkins v. Arkansas Tracking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Powe v. Centerpoint Human Services
N.C. Ct. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
If, as here, there is an “absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000). *403 This Court in Johnson v. Jones Grp., Inc., 123 N.C.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re NT
N.C. Ct. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
"In the absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute." Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000) (citing Black v. Littlejohn, 312 N.C. 626, 638 , 325 S.E.2d 469, 478 (1985) and State v. Martin, 7 N.C.App. 532, 533 , 173 S.E.2d 47, 48 (1970)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In re N.T.
N.C. Ct. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
“In the absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000) (citing Black v. Littlejohn, 312 N.C. 626, 638 , 325 S.E.2d 469, 478 (1985) and State v. Martin, 7 N.C.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Morris Communications Corp. v. City of Bessemer City Zoning Board of Adjustment (2×)
unknown court · 2011 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000) (citations omitted); Penny, 249 N.C. at 600 , 107 S.E.2d at 76 ; In re Builders Supply, 202 N.C. at 499 , 163 S.E. at 463-64 ; see also Reg’l Acceptance Corp. v. Powers, 327 N.C. 274, 278 , 394 S.E.2d 147, 149 (1990) (“Where words of a statute are not defined, the courts presume that the legislature intended to give them their ordinary meaning determined according to the context in which those words are ordinarily used.” (citation omitted)). *158 The term “work” is not defined in the Bessemer City ordinance.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Griffith v. North Carolina Department of Correction
N.C. Ct. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
Plaintiff argues that, even if the statute is construed to apply only to services rendered to the public, the statute still applies to defendant NCDOC’s actions because prisoners are members of “the public.” While the term “public” is not defined in the statute, we must give the term its “natural and ordinary meaning.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C.634, 638, 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Shepherd v. NATIONAL FEDERATION
N.C. Ct. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 903-04 (2000) (quotations, citations, and alteration omitted).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Johnston v. DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
N.C. Ct. App. · 2010 · confidence medium
App. 691, 696 , 643 S.E.2d 44, 47 (2007) (quoting Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 903-04 (2000)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) North Carolina Department of Revenue v. Bill Davis Racing
N.C. Ct. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Services, Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000) (stating that, “ ‘[n]othing else appearing, the Legislature is presumed to have used the words of a statute to convey their natural and ordinary meaning’ ” and that, “[i]n the absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute”) (quoting In re McLean Trucking Co., 281 N.C. 242, 252 , 188 S.E.2d 452, 458 (1972)) (citing Black v. Littlejohn, 312 N.C. 626, 638 , 325 S.E.2d 469, 478 (1985); State v. Martin, 7 N.C.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) PARKDALE AMERICA, LLC v. Hinton
N.C. Ct. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
Where, as here, there is no “contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Sens., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000).
cited Cited as authority (rule) State v. Worley
N.C. Ct. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2004) (citations and internal quotations omitted)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) State v. Abshire
N.C. · 2009 · confidence medium
Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000) (citations omitted)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Britt v. DURDEN HOME IMPROVEMENT PTR
N.C. Ct. App. · 2007 · confidence medium
However, when an appellate court reviews findings of jurisdictional fact entered by the Commission, the reviewing court is required "to make its own independent findings of . . . jurisdictional fact from its consideration of all the evidence in the record." Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000) (internal quotations omitted).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Moore v. COVENANT TRANSPORT, INC. (3×) also: Cited "see"
N.C. Ct. App. · 2007 · confidence medium
However, when an appellate court reviews findings of jurisdictional fact entered by the Commission, "the reviewing court is required to make its own independent findings of jurisdictional fact from its consideration of all the evidence in the record." Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000) (internal quotations omitted).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Goodson v. P. H. Glatfelter Co.
unknown court · 2005 · confidence medium
Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 903-04 (2000).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Davis v. Great Coastal Express (9×) also: Cited "see"
N.C. Ct. App. · 2005 · confidence medium
However, our Supreme Court has held that “the Commission’s findings of jurisdictional fact are not conclusive on appeal, even if supported by competent evidence.” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 903-04 (2000) (citing Lucas v. Stores, 289 N.C. 212, 218 , 221 S.E.2d 257, 261 (1976); Askew v. Tire Co., 264 N.C. 168, 174 , 141 S.E.2d 280, 284 (1965); Aycock v. Cooper, 202 N.C. 500, 505 , 163 S.E. 569, 571 (1932)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Coe v. Haworth Wood Seating
N.C. Ct. App. · 2004 · confidence medium
The Industrial Commission’s findings of fact are “conclusive on appeal if supported by any competent evidence.” Perkins v. *254 Arkansas Trucking Serv., 351 N.C. 634, 637 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 903 (2000).
cited Cited as authority (rule) State v. Cockerham
N.C. Ct. App. · 2003 · confidence medium
Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Services, Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Clark v. Sanger Clinic, P.A.
N.C. Ct. App. · 2001 · confidence medium
Our courts have said that “ ‘[n]othing else appearing, the Legislature is presumed to have used the words of a statute to convey their natural and ordinary meaning.’ ” Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 351 N.C. 634, 638 , 528 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2000) (quoting In re McLean Trucking Co., 281 N.C. 242, 252 , 188 S.E.2d 452, 458 (1972)).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
CARL L. PERKINS, Employee
v.
ARKANSAS TRUCKING SERVICES, INC., Employer; SELF-INSURED (GUARDIAN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY)
422PA99.
Supreme Court of North Carolina.
May 5, 2000.
528 S.E.2d 902
Jonathan S. Williams, P.C., by Jonathan S. Williams, for plaintiff-appellee. , Teague Campbell Dennis & Gorham, by Dayle A. Flammia and Tracey L. Jones, for defendant-appellants.
Martin.
Cited by 66 opinions  |  Published
2 passages pin-cited by 4 cases
Pinpoint authority: bottom 91%
Citer courts: Court of Appeals of North Caro… (3) · North Carolina Business Court (1)
MARTIN, Justice.

On 8 March 1994 plaintiff Carl L. Perkins was injured in the course and scope of his employment with Arkansas Trucking Services, Inc. (Arkansas Trucking). The accident occurred while plaintiff was operating a tractor-trailer in Florence, South Carolina. Thereafter, Arkansas Trucking commenced payment of workers’ compensation benefits under Arkansas law. See generally Ark. Code Ann. ch. 9 (1996 & Supp. 1999). On 4 October 1994 plaintiff filed a Form 18 notice of accident with his employer and the North[*636] Carolina Industrial Commission (Commission or full Commission). Plaintiff also filed a Form 33 request for hearing to determine whether the Commission had jurisdiction over his workers’ compensation claim.

On 8 May 1996, after a hearing limited to the jurisdictional question, the deputy commissioner entered an interlocutory opinion and order concluding that plaintiff’s principal place of employment was within North Carolina and, therefore, that the Commission had jurisdiction over his claim under N.C.G.S. § 97-36.

On 30 October 1996 the deputy commissioner held a second hearing to determine the amount of plaintiff’s award. On 30 April 1997 the deputy commissioner filed an opinion and award in which he concluded that plaintiff was totally disabled and was, therefore, entitled to compensation at a rate of $417.75 per week from the date of the accident. Defendants Arkansas Trucking and Guardian National Insurance Company appealed.

On 9 June 1998 the full Commission affirmed and adopted, with minor modifications, the deputy commissioner’s 8 May 1996 interlocutory opinion and order and 30 April 1997 opinion and award. On appeal, the Court of Appeals affirmed the opinion and award of the full Commission. Perkins v. Arkansas Trucking Servs., Inc., 134 N.C. App. 490, 518 S.E.2d 36 (1999). On 4 November 1999 we allowed defendants’ petition for discretionary review.

Prior to 1991 the Commission exercised jurisdiction over work-related accidents occurring outside of North Carolina only if the contract of employment was made in this State or if the employer’s principal place of business was in this State. See N.C.G.S. § 97-36 (1985) (amended 1991); Thomas v. Overland Express, Inc., 101 N.C. App. 90, 96, 398 S.E.2d 921, 925 (1990), disc. rev. denied, 328 N.C. 576, 403 S.E.2d 522 (1991). In 1991, however, the General Assembly ratified “An Act to Assure that the North Carolina Workers’ Compensation Act Extends to Injuries Outside the State for Employees Whose Principal Place of Employment is in North Carolina.” Ch. 284, 1991 N.C. Sess. Laws 528.

The statute, as amended, provides in pertinent part:

Where an accident happens while the employee is employed elsewhere than in this State and the accident is one which would entitle him or his dependents or next of kin to compensation if it had happened in this State, then the employee or his dependents[*637] or next of kin shall be entitled to compensation (i) if the contract of employment was made in this State, (ii) if the employer’s principal place of business is in this State, or (Hi) if the employee’s principal place of employment is within this State ....

N.C.G.S. § 97-36 (1999) (emphasis added).

The Court of Appeals affirmed the Commission’s determination that plaintiff’s principal place of employment was within North Carolina and, therefore, upheld the Commission’s exercise of jurisdiction over plaintiff’s claim under section 97-36(iii). Perkins, 134 N.C. App. at 493, 518 S.E.2d at 38.

Defendants first contend the Court of Appeals applied an erroneous standard of review to the Commission’s jurisdictional determination under section 97-36(iii). We agree.

As a general rule, the Commission’s findings of fact are conclusive on appeal if supported by any competent evidence. See N.C.G.S. § 97-86 (1999); Adams v. AVX Corp., 349 N.C. 676, 681, 509 S.E.2d 411, 414 (1998); Gallimore v. Marilyn’s Shoes, 292 N.C. 399, 402, 233 S.E.2d 529, 531 (1977). It is well settled, however, that the Commission’s findings of jurisdictional fact are not conclusive on appeal, even if supported by competent evidence. See Lucas v. Li’l Gen. Stores, 289 N.C. 212, 218, 221 S.E.2d 257, 261 (1976); Askew v. Leonard Tire Co., 264 N.C. 168, 174, 141 S.E.2d 280, 284 (1965); Aycock v. Cooper, 202 N.C. 500, 505, 163 S.E. 569, 571 (1932). “The reviewing court has the right, and the duty, to make its own independent findings of such jurisdictional facts from its consideration of all the evidence in the record.” Lucas, 289 N.C. at 218, 221 S.E.2d at 261.

In the present case the Court of Appeals characterized the question for review as “whether there [was] any competent evidence supporting the Commission’s finding that plaintiff’s principal place of employment [was] within North Carolina.” Perkins, 134 N.C. App. at 492, 518 S.E.2d at 37. When, as here, the appellate court reviews findings of jurisdictional fact entered by the Commission, our decision in Lucas requires the reviewing court “to make its own independent findings of . . . jurisdictional fact[] from its consideration of all the evidence in the record.” Lucas, 289 N.C. at 218, 221 S.E.2d at 261. Accordingly, the Court of Appeals erred in applying the “any competent evidence” standard of review to the jurisdictional question raised by the present case.

[*638] Defendants next contend the Court of Appeals erred in affirming the Commission’s determination that plaintiff’s principal place of employment was within North Carolina. We disagree.

At the outset, we note that section 97-36 does not define “principal place of employment.” “Nothing else appearing, the Legislature is presumed to have used the words of a statute to convey their natural and ordinary meaning.” In re McLean Trucking Co., 281 N.C. 242, 252, 188 S.E.2d 452, 458 (1972). In the absence of a contextual definition, courts may look to dictionaries to determine the ordinary meaning of words within a statute. See Black v. Littlejohn, 312 N.C. 626, 638, 325 S.E.2d 469, 478 (1985); State v. Martin, 7 N.C. App. 532, 533, 173 S.E.2d 47, 48 (1970). “Principal” has been defined as “most important, consequential, or influential.” Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary 926 (10th ed. 1993). Therefore, we consider all the evidence of record to determine whether North Carolina was plaintiff’s “principal” place of employment as “principal” is used in its natural and ordinary meaning.

In the instant case, plaintiff was assigned to operate a tractor-trailer in Arkansas Trucking’s southeastern territory, an area consisting of twelve to thirteen southern states, including North Carolina. Arkansas Trucking employs more than three, but less than ten, truck drivers in North Carolina. Because Arkansas Trucking does not maintain a terminal in this State, plaintiff was dispatched from his residence in Dudley, North Carolina, by a dispatcher in the employer’s Doraville, Georgia, terminal. Plaintiff’s first pick-ups and last deliveries, including stops in Durham, Charlotte, Kinston, Raleigh, and Roseboro, were scheduled as close to his residence in Dudley as possible to prevent plaintiff from driving with an empty truck. Approximately eighteen to twenty percent of plaintiff’s stops were in North Carolina. When he was off the road, plaintiff kept his employer’s vehicle at his residence in Dudley. Finally, plaintiff received his paychecks at his residence in Dudley.

After careful review of the evidence of record, we hold that North Carolina constituted plaintiff’s principal place of employment under section 97-36(iii). Not surprisingly, as a truck driver, plaintiff did not perform the majority of his job duties in any one state. The record reflects, however, that no state, standing alone, had the same degree of significant contacts to plaintiff’s employment as North Carolina. We believe our construction of section 97-36, as amended, best promotes the legislative intent behind addition of subsection (iii). See [*639] Burgess v. Your House of Raleigh, Inc., 326 N.C. 205, 209, 388 S.E.2d 134, 137 (1990) (“The primary rule of construction of a statute is to ascertain the intent of the legislature and to carry out such intention to the fullest extent.”). Accordingly, the Court of Appeals did not err in concluding that the Commission had jurisdiction over the instant workers’ compensation claim.

We likewise agree with the Court of Appeals that the “Policies, Procedures and Agreement” form signed by plaintiff upon being hired is an invalid attempt to limit plaintiff’s rights to those enumerated under Arkansas workers’ compensation law. This agreement conflicts with N.C.G.S. § 97-36 and specifically violates N.C.G.S. § 97-6, which invalidates agreements that operate to relieve an employer of any obligation under the North Carolina Workers’ Compensation Act.

Accordingly, the decision of the Court of Appeals is affirmed as modified.

MODIFIED AND AFFIRMED.