Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 52 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 414 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003). · Go Syfert
Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 52 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 414 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
141 citation events (141 in the last 25 years) across 12 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Debra Goldstein v. Whirlpool Corporation (cacd, 2024-05-14)
Treatment trajectory · 2007 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2007 2016 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 48 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Debra Goldstein v. Whirlpool Corporation
C.D. Cal. · 2024 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
breach of the implied warranty of merchantability means the product did not possess even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Moreno v. Vi-Jon, Inc.
S.D. Cal. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a breach of 2 the implied warranty of merchantability means the product did not possess even the most 3 basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) In re Nexus 6P Prods. Liab. Litig. (2×)
N.D. Cal. · 2018 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
breach of the implied warranty of merchantability means the product did not possess even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Anaya v. Kia Motors America CA2/3
Cal. Ct. App. · 2025 · confidence medium
(Mocek v. Alfa Lei- sure, Inc. (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 409 (Mocek).) Under the Act every retail sale of consumer goods in Cali- fornia includes an implied warranty by the “manufacturer” and “retail seller” that the goods are “merchantable” unless expressly 1 sold “as is.” (Civ.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Mark Duvall, et al. v. Haier US Appliance Solutions, Inc.
N.D. Cal. · 2025 · confidence medium
Second, a product is unfit when it 7 does not “possess even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.” Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, 8 Inc., 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406 (2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Beaudry v. The NOCO Company, Inc.
N.D. Cal. · 2025 · confidence medium
Therefore, a plaintiff must allege that “the product lacks 10 even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.” Birdsong v. Apple, Inc., 590 F.3d 955 , 958 11 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003)). 12 NOCO essentially argues that Beaudry fails to state a Song-Beverly Act implied warranty 13 claim because consumers like NOCO’s products.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Vanessa West v. Rheem Manufacturing Company
C.D. Cal. · 2025 · confidence medium
Suzuki Motor Corp. v. Superior Ct., 37 Cal. App. 4th 1291, 1295 (1995). “[A] breach of the implied warranty of merchantability means the product did not possess even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.” Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Carver v. Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. (4×)
Cal. Ct. App. · 2024 · confidence medium
Code, § 2314, subd. (2).)” (Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc. (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406 (Mocek).) “In contrast, an express warranty is a written statement arising out of a sale in which the ‘manufacturer, distributor, or retailer undertakes to preserve or maintain the utility or performance of the consumer good or provide compensation if there is a failure in utility or performance[.]’ (§ 1791.2, subd. (a)(1).)” (Music Acceptance Corp., at p. 619.) A fundamental difference between an express warranty claim and an implied warranty of merchantability claim is that before bringing an …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sarah Boldt v. Caesarstone USA Inc.
C.D. Cal. · 2024 · confidence medium
Plaintiffs sufficiently allege their implied warranty claims. 2 To plead a breach of the implied warranty of merchantability under the Song-Beverly 3 Consumer Warranty Act12 and California Commercial Code Section 2314(1), a plaintiff “must show 4 that the product did not possess even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.” Mocek v. 5 Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Garza v. Spectrum Brands Pet LLC
E.D. Cal. · 2024 · confidence medium
Cal. 2013) (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003)). 8 Plaintiff has not alleged any facts that purport to show that the dog chews were not fit for 9 ordinary use.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Fried v. Snapple Beverage Company
S.D. Cal. · 2024 · confidence medium
“A breach of the warranty of 23 merchantability occurs if the product lacks ‘even the most basic degree of fitness for 24 ordinary use.’” Birdsong v. Apple, Inc., 590 F.3d 955, 958 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting Mocek 25 v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406 (2003)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Smith v. Intel Corporation
N.D. Cal. · 2024 · confidence medium
Rather, for an implied 21 warranty claim to survive a motion to dismiss, the plaintiff must plausibly allege that the product 22 at issue has manifested a problem so serious that it lacks ‘“even the most basic degree of fitness 23 for ordinary use.”’ Birdsong v. Apple, Inc., 590 F.3d 955, 958 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting Mocek v. 24 Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (Cal. App. 2003)). 25 Defendant argues that Plaintiffs’ implied warranty claim fails for two reasons: first, 26 because Plaintiffs have not plausibly alleged that the affected CPUs lacked “even the most basic 2…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Clay v. Carmax Auto Superstores California CA4/3
Cal. Ct. App. · 2024 · confidence medium
Code, § 1794, subd. (a).)’ (Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc. (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406 [, fn. omitted.] (Mocek ).)” (Mexia v. Rinker Boat Co., Inc. (2009) 174 Cal.App.4th 1297, 1303 (Mexia).) “. . . [W]hile under a manufacturer’s express warranty the buyer must allow for a reasonable number of repair attempts within 30 days before seeking rescission (§ 1793.2, subds. (b), (d)), that is not the case for the implied warranty of merchantability’s bulwark against fundamental defects.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Cheryl Sauer v. Solaredge Technologies, Inc.
9th Cir. · 2024 · confidence medium
Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 7 Cal. Rptr. 3d 546, 549 (Ct. App. 2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Krystofiak v. BellRing Brands, Inc.
N.D. Cal. · 2024 · confidence medium
Plaintiffs can support their claim by alleging “the product lacks ‘even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.’” Birdsong v. Apple, Inc., 590 F.3d 955, 958 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406 (Cal.Ct.App.2003)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Christiansen v. Kimberly-Clark Corporation
N.D. Cal. · 2024 · confidence medium
In other words, a plaintiff claiming breach of an implied warranty of 1 for ordinary use.” Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003). 2 Defendants argue that Christiansen fails “to provide virtually any factual underpinnings of 3 her alleged injury and damages as well as her failure to allege that [the] breach of warranty was a 4 substantial factor in causing her home [sic].” ECF 31 at 8-9; ECF 32 at 6.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Drake v. Haier US Appliance Solutions Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see"
N.D. Cal. · 2024 · confidence medium
A breach of the implied warranty of merchantability 11 requires a plaintiff to show that the product does “not possess even the most basic degree of fitness 12 for ordinary use.” Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rodriguez v. Mondelez Global LLC
S.D. Cal. · 2023 · confidence medium
“A breach of 23 the warranty of merchantability occurs if the product lacks ‘even the most basic degree of 24 fitness for ordinary use.’” Birdsong, 590 F.3d at 958 (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, 25 Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003)). 26 MDLZ contends that the breach of implied warranty claim fails because Plaintiffs 27 have not plausibly alleged that MDLZ’s labels are materially misleading.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Smith v. GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Holdings (US) LLC
N.D. Cal. · 2023 · confidence medium
Therefore, a plaintiff must allege that “the product lacks even the most 5 basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.” Birdsong v. Apple, Inc., 590 F.3d 955, 958 (9th Cir. 6 2009) (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Reynolds v. EzriCare LLC
N.D. Cal. · 2023 · confidence medium
No. 42 15 at 16 (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003).) First, as EzriCare 16 admits, their “four month” assertion is wrong factually: while Plaintiffs pled Mr. Reynolds used 17 the product “dozens of times,” Plaintiffs also pled Mr. Reynolds used the product for one to two 18 months before experiencing eye pain.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sidhu v. Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
N.D. Cal. · 2023 · confidence medium
To state a claim under the implied 3 warranty of merchantability, a party must plead that the product in question “lacks ‘even the most 4 basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.’” Birdsong v. Apple, Inc., 590 F.3d 955, 958 (9th Cir. 5 2009) (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003)). “[F]itness is 6 shown if the product is in safe condition and substantially free of defects[.]” T & M Solar & Air 7 Conditioning, Inc. v. Lennox Int’l Inc., 83 F. Supp. 3d 855, 878 (N.D.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Deitsch Plastic Co. Inc. v. Gredale LLC
9th Cir. · 2023 · confidence medium
A breach of the implied warranty of merchantability occurs if the product lacks “even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.” Birdsong v. Apple, Inc., 590 F.3d 955, 958 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 7 Cal. Rptr. 3d 546, 549 (Ct. App. 2003)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Willoughby v. Abbott Laboratories
N.D. Ill. · 2023 · confidence medium
Cal. 2013) (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) In Re: Recalled Abbott Infant Formula Products Liability Litigation
N.D. Ill. · 2023 · confidence medium
Cal. 2013) (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sidhu v. Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
N.D. Cal. · 2022 · confidence medium
To state a claim under the implied warranty of merchantability, a 1 ordinary use.’” Birdsong v. Apple, Inc., 590 F.3d 955, 958 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting Mocek v. Alfa 2 Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003)). “[F]itness is shown if the product is in safe 3 condition and substantially free of defects[.]” T & M Solar & Air Conditioning, Inc. v. Lennox 4 Int’l Inc., 83 F. Supp. 3d 855, 878 (N.D.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kennard v. Kellogg Sales Company
N.D. Cal. · 2022 · confidence medium
Kellogg argues that a breach of the 26 implied warranty of merchantability exists only where the product is not fit for its ordinary 27 purpose, meaning the product “did not possess even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary 1 use.” Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406 (2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) White v. The Kroger Co.
N.D. Cal. · 2022 · confidence medium
Other issues 9 Kroger argues the breach of implied warranty claim fails because plaintiff fails to explain 10 how the challenged sunscreen products do “not possess even the most basic degree of fitness for 11 ordinary use.” Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406 (2003).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kirchenberg v. Ainsworth Pet Nutrition, Inc.
E.D. Cal. · 2022 · confidence medium
The court denies the motion as to this claim as well. 22 F. Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability (Claim 3) 23 Defendants contend Kirchenberg’s breach of implied warranty claim must be dismissed 24 because she does not allege facts identifying that Just 6 “[does] not possess even the most basic 25 degree of fitness for ordinary use.” Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (Cal. 26 Ct. App. 2003); Mot. at 19.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Rouze v. One World Technologies, Inc.
E.D. Cal. · 2021 · confidence medium
Id. (citing Mocek 18 v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bruce Treuhaft v. Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC
C.D. Cal. · 2021 · confidence medium
Cal. 2012). “[A] plaintiff claiming breach of an implied warranty of merchantability must show that the product ‘did not possess even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.’” Id. (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Diew v. Amazon.com Services, LLC
N.D. Cal. · 2021 · confidence medium
Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Cepelak v. HP Inc.
N.D. Cal. · 2020 · confidence medium
A breach occurs “if the product lacks ‘even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.’” Birdsong, 590 F.3d at 958 . (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (2003)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ruiz v. Owlet Baby Care
D. Utah · 2020 · confidence medium
No. 28 (“Reply”) at 9 (quoting Mocek v.Alfa Leisure, Inc., 7 Cal. Rptr. 3d 546, 549 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Diana Hauck v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
9th Cir. · 2020 · confidence medium
Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 7 Cal. Rptr. 3d 546, 549 (Ct. App. 2003); see also Cal. Com.
cited Cited as authority (rule) BUTERA v. HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL, INC.
D.N.J. · 2020 · confidence medium
Cal. Oct. 31, 2017) (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bruce McMahon v. Take-Two Interactive Software
9th Cir. · 2018 · confidence medium
GTA V worked properly and granted access to GTA Online when the latter launched, and so did not “lack[] ‘even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.’” Birdsong v. Apple, Inc., 590 F.3d 955, 958 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 7 Cal. Rptr. 3d 546, 549 (Ct. App. 2003)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Becerra v. General Motors LLC
S.D. Cal. · 2017 · confidence medium
A breach “occurs if the product lacks ‘even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.’ ” Birdsong, 590 F.3d at 958 (quoting Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal.App.4th 402 , 7 Cal.Rptr.3d 546, 549 (2003)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jones v. Credit Auto Center, Inc.
Cal. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
(See Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc. (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 404 [“there is no requirement the seller be given an opportunity to repair when the implied warranty of merchantability is breached”].) Under the Song-Beverly Act, there is an implied warranty of merchantability with respect to consumer goods that are sold (Civ.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Jones v. Credit Auto Center, Inc.
Cal. App. Dep’t Super. Ct. · 2015 · confidence medium
(See Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc. (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 404 [ 7 Cal.Rptr.3d 546 ] [“there is no requirement the seller be given an opportunity to repair when the implied warranty of merchantability is breached”].) (2) Under the Song-Beverly Act, there is an implied warranty of merchantability with respect to consumer goods that are sold (Civ.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Brand v. Hyundai (2×)
Cal. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
(Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc. (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406-408 (Mocek).) Under the implied merchantability warranty, “every sale of consumer goods that are sold at retail in this state shall be accompanied by the manufacturer’s and the retail seller’s implied warranty that the goods are merchantable.” (§ 1792.) The warranty “‘arises by operation of law’” and therefore applies despite its omission from a purchase contract.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lafferty v. Wells Fargo Bank
Cal. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
We therefore decline defendant’s invitation that we engage in a hermeneutic exercise to demonstrate that the statute means something other than what it says.” (Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc. (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406 [ 7 Cal.Rptr.3d 546 ]; see Lozada v. Dale Baker Oldsmobile, Inc. (W.D.Mich. 2000) 91 F.Supp.2d 1087, 1095 [“No basis exists for referring to the commentary to understand the meaning of language that is unambiguous on its face”].) Based on the plain meaning of the Holder Rule, we reject Wells Fargo’s argument that it is “limited to the rare situation when the seller�…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pierce v. Western Surety Co.
Cal. Ct. App. · 2012 · confidence medium
Under the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, every retail sale of consumer goods includes an implied warranty by the manufacturer and the retail seller that the goods are merchantable unless sold “ ‘as is’ ” or “ ‘with all faults.’ ” (Mexia v. Rinker Boat Co., Inc. (2009) 174 Cal.App.4th 1297, 1303 [ 95 Cal.Rptr.3d 285 ].) “When there has been a breach of the implied warranty of merchantability, a buyer ‘may bring an action for the recovery of damages and other legal and equitable relief.’ ” (Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc. (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406 [ 7 Cal.Rptr.3d 5…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Joseph Birdsong v. Apple, Inc.
9th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
BIRDSONG v. APPLE, INC. 16873 uct lacks “even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use.” Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 406 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003) (citing Cal. Com.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Mexia v. Rinker Boat Co., Inc.
Cal. Ct. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
Code, § 1794, subd. (a).)” (Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc. (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406 [ 7 Cal.Rptr.3d 546 ] (Mocek).) Although the Uniform Commercial Code provides a similar warranty of merchantability (Cal. U. Com.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Isip v. Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC
Cal. Ct. App. · 2007 · confidence medium
Code, § 1791.1, subd. (a).)” (Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc. (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 402, 406 [ 7 Cal.Rptr.3d 546 ].) Unlike an express warranty, “the implied warranty of merchantability arises by operation of law” and “ ‘provides for a minimum level of quality.’ ” (American Suzuki, supra, 37 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1295-1296.) “The California Uniform Commercial Code separates implied warranties into two categories.
examined Cited "see" Brand v. Hyundai Motor America (3×)
Cal. Ct. App. · 2014 · signal: see · confidence high
The act “is a remedial measure intended for the protection of consumers and should be given a construction consistent with that purpose.” (Oregel v. American Isuzu Motors, Inc. (2001) 90 Cal.App.4th 1094, 1103 [ 109 Cal.Rptr.2d 583 ]; see Murillo v. Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc. (1998) 17 Cal.4th 985, 990 [ 73 Cal.Rptr.2d 682 , 953 P.2d 858 ] [“the Song-Beverly Act is strongly pro-consumer . . .”].) The act provides for both express and implied warranties, and while under a manufacturer’s express warranty the buyer must allow for a reasonable number of repair attempts within 30 days be…
examined Cited "see, e.g." In Re: MacBook Keyboard Litigation (3×)
N.D. Cal. · 2019 · signal: see also · confidence medium
Plaintiffs counter that the law does not require them to 5 || provide Apple with the opportunity to repair their laptops for a breach of implied warranty claim. 6 Opp’n at 20; see also Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal. App. 4th 402, 404 (2003) (affirming 7 || trial court’s ruling “that, where the implied warranty of merchantability is breached, applicable 8 statutes do not require a buyer to give the seller an opportunity to repair before rescinding the 9 || purchase” because “there is no requirement the seller be given an opportunity to repair when the 10 || implied warranty of …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Kowalsky v. Hewlett-Packard Co. (2×)
N.D. Cal. · 2010 · signal: see also · confidence low
Id. § 2316; see also Mocek v. Alfa Leisure, Inc., 114 Cal.App.4th 402 , 7 Cal. Rptr.3d 546 (Cal.Ct.App.2003) (comparing implied warranty provisions of the Beverly-Song Act and the Commercial Code).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
DARRYL JON MOCEK, as Administrator, Etc., Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
ALFA LEISURE, INC., Defendant and Appellant
Counsel, Turner, Reynolds, Greco & O’Hara, Frederick E. Turner and Glen R. Segal for Defendant and Appellant., Anderson Law Firm, Martin W. Anderson and Ivy Tsai for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Rylaarsdam.
Cited by 82 opinions  |  Published
1 passages pin-cited by 1 case
Pinpoint authority: bottom 58%
Citer courts: N.D. California (2)

Opinion

RYLAARSDAM, Acting P. J .

Defendant Alfa Leisure, Inc. appeals from a judgment following a bench trial. The action arose from the purchase of a travel trailer by plaintiff Frank Mocek, now deceased. (Although the administrator of Mr. Mocek’s estate has substituted in as plaintiff, we refer to Mocek as “plaintiff.”) The trial court found that defects in the trailer constituted a breach of the implied warranty of merchantability and rendered a judgment in the amount of the purchase price, plus interest, conditioned upon plaintiff returning the trailer to defendant.

The trial court concluded that, where the implied warranty of merchantability is breached, applicable statutes do not require a buyer to give the seller an opportunity to repair before rescinding the purchase. Defendant contends plaintiff could not rescind his purchase without first giving it an opportunity to repair the defects. We agree with the trial court and affirm the judgment because, although a different rule may apply where there is a breach of an express warranty, there is no requirement the seller be given an opportunity to repair when the implied warranty of merchantability is breached.

[*405] FACTS

Plaintiff and his son each purchased the same model fifth-wheel travel trailer manufactured by defendant. The trailers were delivered to them at a recreational vehicle park. They were required to sign documents and pay for the trailers before being given an opportunity to inspect them. After delivery, plaintiff’s son, who had over 25 years’ experience with travel trailers and had hooked up hundreds of trailers to electrical power, connected the trailers to the park’s electricity supply. He experienced no problem with his own trailer. But shortly after he connected plaintiff’s trailer to the power source, the electrical outlets and appliances ceased operating. When they turned on the TV/VCR in the trailer the next day, it started to smoke. Plaintiff’s son then tried resetting the circuit breakers but sparks and smoke came from the breaker panel. Defendant arranged to have one of its technicians examine the trailer. After this examination, the technician told plaintiff he could not fix the trailer’s electrical system in place; it would have to be moved to defendant’s plant for repairs. He told plaintiff defendant would have to replace all of the appliances and would separately test each wire, and would do so at no charge to plaintiff.

Plaintiff refused to let defendant take the trailer to be repaired. He advised defendant that he wanted a new trailer or a refund of the purchase price. He stated he would have no confidence in a repaired trailer; the damage was “too extensive.” He also stated “there [was] no way that I would be comfortable that the thing was truly repaired as if it were a brand[]new trailer.” Defendant did not replace the trailer nor refund the purchase price; plaintiff never used the trailer and sued.

Plaintiff’s judgment was based on breach of the implied warranty of merchantability under the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act (Civ. Code, § 1790 et seq.) (the Act) and was in the amount of the purchase price, with interest, conditioned upon a return of the trailer. The court also held for plaintiff under his cause of action for unfair competition (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 17200), but no separate damages were awarded under this statute and the appeal asserts no separate issues with respect thereto.

DISCUSSION

Introduction

Defendant claims that, where the implied warranty of merchantability is breached, consumers may not rescind the purchase contract without first affording the manufacturer an opportunity to repair. The Act does not contain language supporting this claim; neither do the provision of the California[*406] Uniform Commercial Code (Commercial Code) incorporated in the Act to the extent they deal with the warranty of the merchantability. Defendant, recognizing this, wants us to look beyond the language of the Act and consider other parts of the Commercial Code, as well as the legislative intent, history, and commentary to both statutes. Defendant attempts to explain its contentions in a lengthy and complicated analysis. But, where the language of a statute is unambiguous, we may only look to its plain meaning unless this would frustrate its apparent purpose or lead to an absurd result. (Williams v. Superior Court (2001) 92 Cal.App.4th 612, 621 [111 Cal.Rptr.2d 918]; Souza v. Lauppe (1997) 59 Cal.App.4th 865, 874 [69 Cal.Rptr.2d 494].) Here the language of the statute is plain, a plain reading does not frustrate the apparent purpose of the statute, and no absurdity results. We therefore decline defendant’s invitation that we engage in a hermeneutic exercise to demonstrate that the statute means something other than what it says.

Overview of the Implied Warranty of Merchantability

As defined in the Act, an implied warranty of merchantability guarantees that “consumer goods meet each of the following: [f] (1) Pass without objection in the trade under the contract description, [ft] (2) Are fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used, [ft] (3) Are adequately contained, packaged, and labeled, [ft] (4) Conform to the promises or affirmations of fact made on the container or label.” (Civ. Code, § 1791.1, subd. (a).) “Unlike express warranties, which are basically contractual in nature, the implied warranty of merchantability arises by operation of law. [Citation.] . . . ‘[I]t provides for a minimum level of quality.’ [Citations.]” (American Suzuki Motor Corp. v. Superior Court (1995) 37 Cal.App.4th 1291, 1295-1296 [44 Cal.Rptr.2d 526].) Thus, a breach of the implied warranty of merchantability means the product did not possess even the most basic degree of fitness for ordinary use. (Com. Code, § 2314, subd. (2).)

When there has been a breach of the implied warranty of merchantability, a buyer “may bring an action for the recovery of damages and other legal and equitable relief.” (Civ. Code, § 1794, subd. (a).) “Where the buyer has rightfully rejected or justifiably revoked acceptance of the goods or has exercised any right to cancel the sale, Section[] 2711 . . . of the Commercial Code shall apply.” (Civ. Code, § 1794, subd. (b)(1).) Commercial Code section 2711, subdivision (1) provides that “the buyer may cancel and . . . recover[] so much of the price as has been paid . . .'.”

Remedies for Breach of Express and Implied Warranties Are Not Identical

Defendant argues that, despite the plain language of the quoted statutes, plaintiff “was not justified in rejecting the trailer and demanding a refund[*407] without first affording [defendant the right to] repair,” and thus plaintiff “did not have the right to cancel the contract and recover the purchase price paid . . . .” Not so. True, where an express warranty is breached, the Act sets out an extensive scheme requiring manufacturers to repair (Civ. Code, § 1793.2), and the buyer has a concomitant duty to allow a reasonable number of opportunities for repair before it can demand a replacement of the goods or reimbursement (Civ. Code, § 1793.2, subd. (d); Silvio v. Ford Motor Co. (2003) 109 Cal.App.4th 1205, 1207 [135 Cal.Rptr.2d 846]; see also Krotin v. Porsche Cars North America, Inc. (1995) 38 Cal.App.4th 294, 302-303 [45 Cal.Rptr.2d 10]). But this portion of the statute does not apply to the breach of an implied warranty of merchantability.

Defendant maintains that the Legislature could not have intended different procedures for breaches of express and implied warranties. A similar claim was considered and rejected in Music Acceptance Corp. v. Lofing (1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 610 [39 Cal.Rptr.2d 159]. In that case, the court affirmed a finding the seller had breached the implied warranty of merchantability. (Id. at p. 621.) In so doing, it specifically rejected the plaintiff’s argument that the procedure under Civil Code section 1793.2, subdivision (d) concerning replacement or repair of defective goods should be applied; that section, the court held, applies only to express warranties and “has no relevance to the implied warranty of merchantability . . . .” (32 Cal.App.4th at p. 620.) It further explained that the remedies for breach of the implied warranty are set out in Civil Code sections 1791.1 and 1794 and in Commercial Code section 2711, which give a buyer the right “to cancel the contract and recover any amounts paid toward the purchase of the goods. [Citations.]” (32 Cal.App.4th at p. 621.)

Defendant urges us to disregard Music Acceptance, contending it does not control because the facts are distinguishable. There, the seller attempted and failed to repair a defective piano, and the issue was whether the buyer was required to accept a substitute instrument rather than a cancellation of the purchase contract. (Music Acceptance Corp. v. Lofing, supra, 32 Cal.App.4th at p. 620.) But the issue regarding replacement and repair is identical because only the portion of the Act dealing with breaches of express warranties requires the buyer to give the seller the opportunity either to repair or to replace the defective goods.

Citing Krieger v. Nick Alexander Imports, Inc. (1991) 234 Cal.App.3d 205 [285 Cal.Rptr. 717], defendant points out that the Act supplements and does not supersede the Commercial Code. But, contrary to defendant’s contention, “[W]here the provisions of the Commercial Code conflict with the rights guaranteed to buyers of consumer goods under the provisions of [the Act], the provisions of [the Act] shall prevail.” (Civ. Code, § 1790.3.) The Act was intended to broaden the remedies set out in the Commercial Code[*408] (American Suzuki Motor Corp. v. Superior Court, supra, 37 Cal.App.4th at p. 1295, fn. 2); defendant’s interpretation would abridge them.

Defendant also argues that Commercial Code sections 2508 (seller has right to cure and a proper re-tender may eliminate buyer’s right to cancel) and 2607, subdivision (3)(A) (buyer must notify seller of breach within reasonable time or lose remedies), require a buyer to allow repairs to be made. It claims those sections are more specific than Civil Code sections 1791.1, subdivision (d) and 1794 and thus should control. But the latter sections directly address the implied warranty of merchantability whereas the first two do not. Nor do we agree with defendant’s argument that the Commercial Code takes precedence based on Commercial Code section 1104, which provides that no part of that code “shall be deemed to be impliedly repealed by subsequent legislation if such construction can reasonably be avoided.” Application of the Act based on its plain reading does not repeal the Commercial Code, either explicitly or impliedly; the cited portions of the two statutes simply deal with different subjects.

Defendant’s interpretation of the Act cannot be reconciled with its express language. Defendant’s construction would render superfluous the provisions of Civil Code section 1794, subdivision (b)(1) which give buyers the right to cancel the purchase contract. The referenced sections of the Commercial Code (§§ 2711, 2712, and 2713) merely deal with the buyer’s rights upon such cancellation and do not grant any right to the seller to repair or replace the goods. “ ‘[Sjtatutes must be harmonized, both internally and with each other, to the extent possible.’ [Citations.] [f] . . . They will not be construed in such a way as to render related provisions nugatory. [Citation.]” (Young v. Gannon (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 209, 223 [118 Cal.Rptr.2d 187].)

Defendant claims that, if the Legislature had intended to give a consumer a right to cancel without a prior right to repair, it would have said so. Rather we would expect the contrary; if the Legislature had intended that if the seller breaches the implied warranty of merchantability it obtaines a right to repair, it would have so stated. This is particularly true because the Legislature expressly provided for repair where a seller breaches an express warranty. The Act’s provisions requiring repairs after breach of an express warranty are lengthy and detailed. There is no reason to believe failure to set out the same process in case of a breach of the implied warranty of merchantability was an oversight. (See Estate of Messner (1987) 190 Cal.App.3d 818, 821 [235 Cal.Rptr. 495] [Legislature’s silence on retroactivity of statute not expression of intent to apply it retroactively].) “The courts may not provide words or language which are not found in a statute in order to accommodate a litigant. [Citation.]” (People v. Amerson (1984) 151 Cal.App.3d 165, 169 [198 Cal.Rptr. 678].)

[*409] Implied Warranty of Merchantability Controls

Defendant also argues that the express warranty on plaintiff’s trailer trumps the implied warranty of merchantability. It bases this argument on Commercial Code section 2317 which provides that express and implied warranties are to be “construed as consistent with each other and as cumulative, but if such construction is unreasonable the intention of the parties shall determine which warranty is dominant. • • [f] . . . HI] (c) Express warranties displace inconsistent implied warranties other than an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.” But there is no displacement language under the Act, which, as we have demonstrated, controls. Also, the Act and the Commercial Code do not treat the implied warranty of merchantability identically. For example, Commercial Code section 2316 allows the parties to disclaim the implied warranty of merchantability. Therefore, an express warranty may be construed to supersede an implied warranty. But the Act extends greater protection to consumers by specifically prohibiting a waiver of the implied warranty of merchantability, except where the sale is “as is”; not the case here. (Civ. Code, §§ 1792, 1792.3; Music Acceptance Corp. v. Lofing, supra, 32 Cal.App.4th at p. 619.)

Appeal of Award of Attorney Fees Moot

Defendant challenges the postjudgment award of attorney fees solely on the ground that, if we reversed the judgment, plaintiff would no longer be the prevailing party. Since we are affirming the judgment, the challenge to attorney fees is moot.

Plaintiffs Motions to Strike and Request for Judicial Notice

Plaintiff filed a lengthy motion to strike the face page of defendant’s request for a statement of decision in its appendix and also moved to strike portions of the reply brief where defendant argues we may not rely on the statement of decision. We did not consider defendant’s argument first raised in the reply brief; it was waived by a failure to argue it in the opening brief. (Katelaris v. County of Orange (2001) 92 Cal.App.4th 1211, 1216, fn. 4 [112 Cal.Rptr.2d 556].) Moreover, we did not rely on the page from the appendix challenged by plaintiff. Therefore the motions to strike are denied as moot.

We grant plaintiff’s request for judicial notice of out-of-state cases.

[*410] DISPOSITION

The order and judgment are affirmed. The motions to strike are denied. The request for judicial notice is granted. Respondent shall recover costs on appeal. Respondent shall also recover reasonable attorney’s fees incurred on appeal (Civ. Code, § 1794, subd. (d)) in an amount to be determined by the trial court.

O’Leary, L, and Moore, L, concurred.

A petition for a rehearing was denied January 14, 2004, and appellant’s petition for review by the Supreme Court was denied April 14, 2004.