¹ For purposes of this disposition, “defendants” refers to the Park District, John Doe, and Dutton. 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 contempt for refusal to comply with the discovery order. Defendants appeal the contempt order and argue that plaintiff violated Illinois Supreme Court Rule 137 (eff. July 1, 2013). For the reasons stated herein, we determine that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in entering the discovery order. We do not address defendants’ Rule 137 argument, because it is not properly before us. Further, we vacate the contempt order and remand for further proceedings. ¶2 I. BACKGROUND ¶3 Defendants appeal from a civil contempt order entered at their behest. The facts of this case are relatively simple, owing to the fact that the dispute before us is over obedience versus abeyance of the discovery order before consideration of defendants’ motion for summary judgment. The limited facts and procedural history are as follows. ¶4 On September 13, 2011, plaintiff filed his initial complaint against the Park District and John Doe, seeking compensation for an injury sustained at a hayride sponsored by the Park District at its annual Harvest Fest in September 2010. The complaint alleged that the injury occurred as the result of negligence, that is, for patrons to enter and exit the hay wagon, the Park District provided an unmaintained and unsafe step stool, which broke when plaintiff exited the wagon, proximately causing his injury. The complaint alleged that John Doe, as an agent of the Park District, operated the wagon and instructed plaintiff to use the step stool to exit the wagon. The Park District admits in its brief that John Doe was the wagon driver and directed passengers to use the step stool to enter and exit the wagon, although it has yet to provide his identity. ¶5 On October 7, 2011, the Park District moved to dismiss the complaint. The Park District argued in part that it was immune from liability for allegations of mere negligence under the Local Governmental and Governmental Employees Tort Immunity Act (Tort Immunity Act) (745 ILCS 10/3-106 (West 2010)). On January 5, 2012, plaintiff then filed his first amended complaint, in

² Plaintiff questions whether John Doe has standing to appeal since the contempt order applied to “Defendant and its counsel,” referring to the Park District. Furthermore, plaintiff argues that John Doe did not file an appellant’s brief and therefore forfeited any argument, even if he has standing. If we were to reverse the discovery order, plaintiff argues, we should reverse it with respect to only the Park District, not John Doe. Because we do not reverse the order, we need not address this contention any further.

³ Defendants also make a brief argument that the trial court erred by allowing plaintiff’s claim to go forward in violation of Rule 137, that is, plaintiff filed his motion for discovery without his claim being well-grounded in fact. However, as we discuss later in this opinion, this argument is not properly before us on appeal, and we will not consider it. - 10 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 evidence is insufficient to avoid judgment as a matter of law, which is a Celotex-type motion. See, e.g., Willett v. Cessna Aircraft Co., 366 Ill. App. 3d 360, 368 (2006). ¶ 26 Whether we classify a defendant=s motion for summary judgment as traditional, or as a Celotex-type motion, matters. This is because strict compliance with Rule 191(b)’s affidavit requirement, applicable when the nonmovant still requires discovery of material facts to respond to the motion, is not automatically necessary when a defendant files a Celotex-type motion, whereas compliance is required with a traditional motion. See Willett, 366 Ill. App. 3d at 369 (“A Celotex-type motion is appropriate only when the nonmovant has had an adequate opportunity to conduct discovery.”); Williams v. Covenant Medical Center, 316 Ill. App. 3d 682, 692 (2000) (“Although a plaintiff must comply with Rule 191(b) when a defendant has affirmatively shown that it is entitled to judgment, it is quite another matter to require such compliance when defendant *** merely suggests that plaintiff is unable to prove his case.”); Richard A. Michael, Illinois Practice ' 38.4 (2012) (“Where a motion for summary judgment is made by the party who does not have the burden of proof on an issue asserting that the nonmovant cannot prove a prima facie case, it is critical that the respondent be given a reasonable opportunity to conduct discovery before summary judgment ***.”). ¶ 27 Professor Richard A. Michael of Loyola University Chicago School of Law articulates a cogent and concise summary of the interaction of Rule 191(b) and Celotex-type motions for summary judgment. Michael, supra, ' 38.4. Because a motion for summary judgment under section 2-1005 may be made by a defendant at any time, the plaintiff will often desire to conduct discovery before responding to the motion. Id. Doing so generally requires compliance with Rule 191(b), but this is not always the case. The trial court has discretion to permit a continuance - 11 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 for discovery without compliance with Rule 191(b), and, moreover, it is “critical that the respondent be given a reasonable opportunity to conduct discovery before summary judgment is rendered against him or her” in a case where the movant asserts that the nonmovant cannot prove a prima facie case and the movant does not have the burden of proof on the issue. Id. Furthermore, when the United States Supreme Court approved of the use of such a summary judgment motion in Celotex, it stressed the importance of a prior opportunity for discovery: “ ‘In our view, the plain language of Rule 56(c) mandates the entry of summary judgment, after adequate time for discovery and upon motion, against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and upon which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.’ ” Id. (quoting Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 322). ¶ 28 This reasoning behind trial court discretion is sensible and persuasive. Discovery is intended, first and foremost, for the “ascertainment of truth, for the purpose of promoting either a fair settlement or a fair trial.” Ostendorf v. International Harvester Co., 89 Ill. 2d 273, 282 (1982); see also Mueller Industries, Inc. v. Berkman, 399 Ill. App. 3d 456, 464 (2010) (noting that Illinois adheres to a strong policy of encouraging disclosure, with an eye toward ascertaining truth); People v. Turner, 367 Ill. App. 3d 490, 499 (2006) (discovery rules prevent surprise or unfair advantage by either party and aid in search for the truth). Rule 191(b) outlines the procedure to follow when material facts are not obtainable in relation to a pending motion for summary judgment, and it requires “naming the persons and showing why their affidavits cannot be procured and what affiant believes they would testify to if sworn,” when the affidavits are unobtainable by reason of “hostility or otherwise.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 191(b) (eff. July 1, 2002). In the normal course of pretrial proceedings, requiring compliance with Rule 191(b) makes good sense, - 12 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 such as in Gill v. Chicago Park District, 85 Ill. App. 3d 903, 906-07 (1980), where the plaintiff had three years to compile discovery and, after the defendant moved for summary judgment, did not file a response or a counteraffidavit, nor did he request additional continuances for discovery purposes. The Gill court held that the plaintiff could not argue on appeal that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment when he did not file a Rule 191(b) affidavit. Id. at 907. When the nonmovant has had ample time for discovery, and does not even request a continuance for discovery, there is no reason why noncompliance with Rule 191(b) should be excused; the rule clearly outlines the procedure to be followed for procuring necessary affidavits containing material facts that are unavailable to the nonmovant when the summary judgment motion is filed. It acts, therefore, as a shield for the nonmovant: if, for instance, the movant is in sole possession of material facts relevant to summary judgment that have yet to come out through discovery, Rule 191(b) can stay the disposition of summary judgment until the nonmovant can procure the affidavits that it knows it needs to respond to the motion. ¶ 29 However, to demand strict compliance with Rule 191(b) before adequate discoveryCbefore a party even knows the identity of witnesses who can provide material factsCturns Rule 191(b) from a procedural safeguard for the nonmovant into a tactical weapon for the movant. By the letter of Rule 191(b), the affiant moving under the rule must name the persons whose affidavits it cannot procure, list why the affidavits cannot be procured, and provide what the affiant believes the affidavits would say. This can be an impossible task without at least a reasonable amount of discovery that both parties fairly and in good faith participate in. Here, plaintiff knows that he was injured at the Park District’s Harvest Fest, but he does not know the identity of the operator of the hayride on which he injured himself while exiting. - 13 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 ¶ 30 Essentially, echoing Professor Michael, it is basic fairness that dictates that a plaintiff, whose complaint has survived a motion to dismiss, is entitled to investigate and attempt to substantiate his claims before facing a motion for summary judgment that claims that he is unable to prove his case. Strict compliance with Rule 191(b) is not required for a Celotex-type motion, and this position comports with the truth-finding spirit of discovery and the trial court’s broad discretion in handling discovery matters. ¶ 31 1. Defendants Argue That Their Summary Judgment Motion is a Traditional Motion ¶ 32 Defendants argue that their motion for summary judgment is a traditional motion, requiring plaintiff to comply with Rule 191(b). Defendants claim that their motion presented affirmative evidence that established their entitlement to summary judgment, namely, Pacanowski’s affidavit. They also argue that plaintiff provided “no facts to establish that the Park District had either actual or constructive notice” (emphasis in original) that the step stool was negligently maintained or used. Whether plaintiff provided facts to establish his case, however, is inapposite to a determination of whether defendants affirmatively presented facts that disproved plaintiff’s caseCindeed, arguing that plaintiff provided no facts to establish his case would be the basis of a Celotex-type motion. ¶ 33 Defendants continue that Pacanowski’s affidavit established certain facts: first, that the Park District did not have actual or constructive notice as a matter of law. The portions of Pacanowski’s affidavit they cite in support are that numerous patrons had used the same step stool during the current and the previous year’s festivals without any known incident, injury, or complaint, and that Pacanowski personally assisted in setting up the hayride’s entry and exit areas and observed dozens of patrons enter and exit the ride via the step stool without any incident or injury for about 22 hours prior to plaintiff’s accident. These facts, defendants contend, are - 14 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 undisputed and completely negate plaintiff’s allegations that the Park District had prior notice of a defective condition regarding the step stool. ¶ 34 Next, defendants argue that Pacanowski’s affidavit affirmatively established that the Park District did not act willfully and wantonly with regard to any failure to predict or prevent plaintiff’s accident. Defendants first cite section 3-106 of the Tort Immunity Act (745 ILCS 10/3-106 (West 2010)), which precludes liability of public entities and employees for injuries on public property or property used for recreation, such as parks or playgrounds, unless the public entity or employee proximately caused the injury willfully and wantonly. This provision was the basis for the trial court’s dismissal of plaintiff’s negligence count. They then cite section 1-210 of the Tort Immunity Act (745 ILCS 10/1-210 (West 2010)), which defines “willful and wanton conduct” as “a course of action which shows an actual or deliberate intention to cause harm or which, if not intentional, shows an utter indifference to or conscious disregard for the safety of others or their property.” Defendants further cite Leja v. Community Unit School District 300, 2012 IL App (2d) 120156, for the proposition that a plaintiff must allege facts that establish that the defendant was conscious of a high probability of harm to others. The Leja court framed the central issues as “whether plaintiff alleged sufficient facts that, taken as true, would permit the inference that defendant was conscious that directing plaintiff to operate the volleyball net crank would ‘naturally and probably result in injury’ or ‘posed a high probability of serious physical harm.’ ” Id. & 12. Although the plaintiff alleged that the defendant had experienced prior difficulties with the crank and that it had snapped back on prior occasions, the plaintiff also admitted that the defendant was unaware of any prior injuries related to use of the crank. Id. The court found that the allegations were insufficient to state a claim for willful and wanton misconduct on the part of the defendant. Id. && 12-13, 25. - 15 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 ¶ 35 Defendants also cite Tagliere v. Western Springs Park District, 408 Ill. App. 3d 235 (2011), to show that the mere existence of a potentially dangerous condition on recreational propertyCand the failure to discover or warn of the conditionCis insufficient to support an allegation of willful and wanton misconduct. In Tagliere, the plaintiff alleged injuries after she used a seesaw at the defendant’s park. Id. at 236. The Tagliere court affirmed the trial court’s entry of summary judgment in favor of the defendant, noting that there was no evidence that the defendant either knew or had reason to know of prior injuries involving the seesaw or that it removed a safety device from the seesaw. Id. at 248. Therefore it held that the trial court properly granted summary judgment for the defendant on the plaintiff’s claim of willful and wanton misconduct under section 1-210 of the Tort Immunity Act (745 ILCS 10/1-210) (West 2008)). Tagliere, 408 Ill. App. 3d at 248. Under Leja and Tagliere, defendants argue, Pacanowski’s affidavit established that there were no prior injuries known to the Park District, which therefore, at most, could be liable for mere negligence. ¶ 36 Defendants’ final argument for why their motion is a traditional motion for summary judgment is that, under sections 2-109 and 2-201 of the Tort Immunity Act (745 ILCS 10/2-109, 2-201 (West 2008)), the Park District is absolutely immune from liability. Section 2-201 states: “Except as otherwise provided by Statute, a public employee serving in a position involving the determination of policy or the exercise of discretion is not liable for an injury resulting from his act or omission in determining policy when acting in the exercise of such discretion even though abused.” 745 ILCS 10/2-201 (West 2010). Section 2-109 provides, “A local public entity is not liable for an injury resulting from an act or omission of its employee where the employee is not liable.” 745 ILCS 10/2-109 (West 2010). Defendants argue that sections 2-109 and 2-201 together make the Park District absolutely - 16 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 immune from liability because it exercised judgment and discretion in determining what equipment to use for the hayride and where and how to set that equipment up. Therefore, defendants argue, even if the Park District breached a duty owed to plaintiff, it would nevertheless be immune from liability. ¶ 37 2. Plaintiff Argues That the Summary Judgment Motion is a Celotex-type Motion ¶ 38 Plaintiff responds to each of defendants’ arguments in turn, arguing that defendants’ summary judgment motion is indeed a Celotex-type motion. First, plaintiff argues that Pacanowski’s affidavit did not do enough to make defendants’ motion a traditional motion, because it did not establish that the Park District did not have actual or constructive notice of any defect with the step stool; at most, it established that Pacanowski did not have actual or constructive notice of any defect, but there are other employees and/or agents of the Park District who could be used to establish liability on the part of the Park District. Plaintiff named John Doe as an agent and/or employee of the Park District and alleged that John Doe, as operator of the hayride, had actual or constructive notice of a defect in the step stool. If John Doe did have such notice, notice would be imputed to the Park District via the doctrine of respondeat superior. See, e.g., Vancura v. Katris, 238 Ill. 2d 352, 375 (2010) (employee liability for tort imputed to employer under respondeat superior if tort was committed within the scope of employment); Hengels v. Gilski, 127 Ill. App. 3d 894, 905 (1984) (knowledge possessed by employee may be imputed to employer). ¶ 39 Next, plaintiff contends that Pacanowski’s affidavit did not affirmatively establish that the Park District did not engage in willful and wanton misconduct. Plaintiff argues that: (1) Pacanowski’s affidavit does not address the age of the step stool, its maintenance history, the length of time it had been in use, or its condition at the time of the accident; (2) his affidavit does - 17 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 not address John Doe’s conduct, which, if willful and wanton, is imputable to the Park District; and (3) whether willful and wanton misconduct occurred is a question of fact for the jury to decide. See Murray v. Chicago Youth Center, 224 Ill. 2d 213, 245 (2007) (generally willful and wanton misconduct is a question for the jury). In addition, plaintiff cites Murray to rebut defendants’ contention that section 1-210 of the Tort Immunity Act (745 ILCS 10/1-210 (West 2010)) created a heightened standard for willful and wanton misconduct. Murray, 224 Ill. 2d at 242. However, Murray is inapposite here: the Murray court expressed no opinion as to whether the legislature intended section 1-210 to impose a heightened standard for willful and wanton misconduct. Id. at 242-43. ¶ 40 Finally, plaintiff attacks defendants’ argument that they enjoy absolute immunity from liability under the Tort Immunity Act by arguing that the use of a defective step stool was not a determination of policy or an act of discretion. Plaintiff argues that section 2-201 (745 ILCS 10/2-201 (West 2010)), which provides immunity to public employees who are serving in a position involving determination of policy or the exercise of discretion, is not necessarily applicable here. Plaintiff has identified John Doe in his complaint, but without more information about John DoeCinformation plaintiff has requested in discoveryCit is impossible to know the nature of his position with the Park District and whether that position involved the determination of policy or the exercise of discretion. Further, although Pacanowski is a public employee subject to immunity under section 2-201, his affidavit does not attest to whether he made any policy decision or exercised discretion in relation to the acquisition, use, or maintenance of the step stool. Moreover, plaintiff disagrees that the decision to use the step stool for the hayride was a policy decision or an exercise of discretion. Rather, plaintiff argues, a policy decision is one that requires the entity to balance competing interests and to make a judgment call as to what solution - 18 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 will best serve each of those interests. Karalyos v. Board of Education of Lake Forest Community High School District 115, 788 F. Supp. 2d 727, 730-31 (N.D. Ill. 2011) (citing Harinek v. 161 North Clark Street Ltd. Partnership, 181 Ill. 2d 335 (1998)). The decision, as plaintiff characterizes it, was not whether to use a red or blue step stool, or a metal or plastic one, or one that costs $25 or $50; the decision was a deliberate one to use a step stool known by John Doe to be dangerous and defective. It was not a decision that required balancing competing interests or making a judgment callCin essence, as we read it, plaintiff argues that the use of the step stool was a ministerial act performed in the execution of John Doe’s duty to operate the hayride, not a discretionary act on his part. See Snyder v. Curran Township, 167 Ill. 2d 466, 474 (1995) (discretionary versus ministerial functions determined on case-by-case basis; ministerial functions are those performed on a given set of facts in a prescribed manner without reference to the official=s discretion as to the propriety of the act); Torres v. City of Chicago, 123 F. Supp. 2d 1130, 1133-34 (N.D. Ill. 2000) (police officer’s action of calling for medical aid for an injured victim was a ministerial act; the discretion rested not with the officer but with the promulgated police order that prescribed that the officer first provide aid to the injured). ¶ 41 Plaintiff continues that immunity under section 2-201 must be pled as an affirmative defense. Donovan v. County of Lake, 2011 IL App (2d) 100390, & 61. Therefore, defendants must establish, at a minimum, the decision to be made, the person making the decision, that the decision involved an exercise of discretion or a determination of policy, and that the person making the decision was serving in a position that involved the exercise of discretion or the determination of policy at the time. Plaintiff argues that defendants have not provided these necessary factual bases, in no small part because defendants do not at any point address who John Doe is, what he knew, or how he acted. - 19 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 ¶ 42 Plaintiff finally argues that, even if we reject his arguments regarding immunity and find defendants’ immunity argument to be typical of a traditional motion for summary judgment, defendants’ other two arguments for summary judgment are still typical of a Celotex-type motion and thus plaintiff is still entitled to discovery before responding to the motion. ¶ 43 3. Resolution ¶ 44 We agree with plaintiff insofar as, in this case, the trial court properly exercised its discretion in continuing the motion for summary judgment and excepting strict compliance with Rule 191(b). First, two out of the three arguments defendants make in their summary judgment motion are typical of a Celotex-type motion. Defendants’ argument, predicated on the affidavit of Pacanowski, that plaintiff cannot prove that the Park District had notice, actual or constructive, does not affirmatively rebut plaintiff=s allegations. To do so, defendants’ motion and accompanying affidavit would have to address whether John Doe was on notice; they do not. Likewise, defendants’ motion and affidavit do not address whether John Doe acted willfully and wantonly, as also would be necessary to affirmatively defeat plaintiff’s allegations. While, in form, defendants argue that Pacanowski’s affidavit affirmatively disproves plaintiff’s claim, in substance they argue only that plaintiff cannot present facts necessary to support his case, and in doing so they conflate Pacanowski’s knowledge and state of mind with that of all other Park District employees, including John Doe. Because their argument does not address John Doe, we are left with nothing more than the simple argument that plaintiff cannot show notice or willful and wanton misconduct. ¶ 45 Regarding notice, while a prior accident could establish conscious awareness, the absence of a prior accident does not necessarily preclude a finding of willful and wanton misconduct. See A.D. v. Forest Preserve District, 313 Ill. App. 3d 919, 923 (2000) (providing three disjunctive - 20 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 ways to find that an entity engaged in willful and wanton misconduct, including knowledge of prior injuries or knowledge of the dangerous condition); Palmer v. Chicago Park District, 277 Ill. App. 3d 282, 288-89 (1995) (sufficient claim for willful and wanton misconduct where a 3-foot-tall, 30-foot-long protective fence had been lying on its side for three months, defendant’s employees inspected the lot daily, and the fallen fence resulted in plaintiff’s injury, but there were no allegations of prior injuries); Soucie v. Drago Amusements Co., 145 Ill. App. 3d 348, 352 (1986) (owner/occupier’s failure to warn of concealed dangers of which it is aware constitutes willful and wanton misconduct). Rather, plaintiff must put forth facts that satisfy the elements of negligence plus show either intent to harm or conscious disregard for plaintiff’s well-being. Doe-3 v. McLean County Unit District No. 5 Board of Directors, 2012 IL 112479, & 19 (willful and wanton misconduct is regarded as an aggravated form of negligence; plaintiff must plead the basic elements of negligence plus allege either deliberate intention to harm or conscious disregard for plaintiff=s welfare); see also Giers v. Anten, 68 Ill. App. 3d 535, 539 (1978) (“Whether a particular act constitutes willful and wanton misconduct depends upon the facts of each case [citation] and has also been held to be a question of fact for the jury to determine.”). ¶ 46 Furthermore, defendants’ cited cases are not helpful here in determining whether Pacanowski’s affidavit affirmatively established that the Park District did not act willfully or wantonly as a matter of law. Leja dealt with the dismissal of an amended complaint, not with the more narrow issues before us, that is, whether defendants filed a Celotex-type or a traditional motion for summary judgment, and, in light of that determination, the propriety of the trial court’s order to continue the motion for summary judgment so as to let discovery proceed. Likewise, Tagliere reviewed an entry of summary judgment, not the character of the summary judgment motion in conjunction with the court’s exercise of discretion over discovery matters. Defendants - 21 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 also cited Callaghan v. Village of Clarendon Hills, 401 Ill. App. 3d 287 (2010), which again does not address the issues before us but rather reviewed the propriety of a dismissal based on the pleadings. The Callaghan court affirmed the dismissal of the count alleging willful and wanton misconduct (the case involved a plaintiff who slipped and fell on ice on a sidewalk maintained by the municipality defendant), because the plaintiff failed to allege facts that the sidewalk was unreasonably dangerous, that the snow pile created by the defendants created the alleged dangerous condition, and how that creation of the snow pile evinced a conscious disregard for the safety of pedestrians. Id. at 303. Here, in contrast, plaintiff alleged that John Doe was aware of an unsafe condition with the step stool (rusted and physically damaged in visible areas), which was being used by patrons of the Park District’s hayride. Regardless, we are not reviewing the sufficiency of the pleadings; we are determining the character of defendants’ motion for summary judgment for purposes of reviewing the trial court’s exercise of its discretion to continue summary judgment for further discovery. Callaghan does not aid us in this regard. ¶ 47 It very well may be that plaintiff cannot provide facts that would raise an issue of material fact as to whether John Doe had notice or whether he intentionally or consciously disregarded a dangerous condition regarding the step stool. However, plaintiff should first be given an opportunity to discover those facts, if indeed there are facts to be discovered. In short, after plaintiff conducts discovery, only then will it be fair and just for defendants to argue that plaintiff cannot, as a matter of law, prove his case. The likely outcome of plaintiff’s case, on which we proffer no opinion, is wholly irrelevant to this opinion. ¶ 48 Defendants’ final argumentCthat the Park District is absolutely immune from liability under the Tort Immunity ActCpurports to be an affirmative ground for summary judgment, in no small part because the argument presents an affirmative defense. However, we agree with - 22 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 plaintiff that this affirmative defense does not alone make defendants’ motion a traditional motion for summary judgment. First of all, defendants’ affirmative defense suffers from the same shortcoming as their other two arguments, namely, even if established the defense does not defeat plaintiff’s case because it does not address the Park District’s liability that may extend from John Doe. We need not delve into the merits of defendants’ contentionsCwhich are not at issue on appealCto determine this. Defendants argue that the Park District is immune from liability because section 2-201 immunizes employees who serve in a position that involves determining policy or exercising discretion when they are acting to determine policy or exercise discretion, and section 2-109 shields entities when employees are not liable. However, defendants did not present any evidence that would establish whether John Doe was in a position involving determination of policy or exercise of discretion, much less whether John Doe exercised discretion in the use of the step stool. They presented no evidence regarding John Doe at all, even though it is defendants, not plaintiff, who have the burden of persuasion on their affirmative defense. Moore v. Farmers Insurance Exchange, 111 Ill. App. 3d 401, 408 (1982). Therefore, even if Pacanowski’s affidavit affirmatively established his immunity from liability under the Tort Immunity Act, the question of whether John Doe is liable, not liable, or immune from liability remains unaddressed. ¶ 49 Furthermore, in accord with our holding that strict compliance with Rule 191(b) is not always required, it would be inequitable to require strict compliance with Rule 191(b) here. Defendants have not yet disclosed the identity of the employee who plaintiff alleges acted willfully and wantonly. They have made it impossible for plaintiff to strictly comply with Rule 191(b) at the current stage of the litigation, because plaintiff does not even know John Doe’s real name, which is information in the sole purview of defendants. For defendants’ affirmative defense to - 23 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 succeed, they would have to put forward affidavits or the like tending to establish that John Doe is immune from liability under the Tort Immunity Act, which they have not done. If defendants had disclosed John Doe’s identity and presented his affidavit and/or perhaps deposition testimony, then plaintiff could have and should have complied with Rule 191(b) if he needed more time for discovery before responding to the motion for summary judgment. However, that not being the case, we refuse to hold plaintiff to strict compliance with Rule 191(b). Defendants want to have their cake and eat it too: they want plaintiff to comply with Rule 191(b) as if defendants had participated in discovery, without having to participate in discovery; they want us to find that plaintiff cannot prove his case, without allowing him the procedures he is due to make his case. ¶ 50 Accordingly, we find that the trial court properly exercised its discretion to continue proceedings on summary judgment for discovery to first proceed. Defendants’ motion is, in substance, a Celotex-type motion because, even if all its allegations were found true, it could not successfully disprove any essential element of plaintiff’s case. Moreover, the trial court=s discretion in handling discovery matters and the inequitable result that would follow from strict compliance with Rule 191(b) here make compliance unnecessary. Because plaintiff was not required to comply with Rule 191(b), we do not address defendants’ arguments that plaintiff failed to comply with Rule 191(b). On remand defendants should comply with the discovery order. ¶ 51 C. Compliance With Rule 137 ¶ 52 Defendants argue that the trial court erred by allowing plaintiff to conduct discovery in violation of Illinois Supreme Court Rule 137 (eff. July 1, 2013), that is, by not requiring plaintiff to investigate whether his claim was well-grounded in fact before filing it. Defendants contend that plaintiff filed his case without any evidence to support his claim, therefore violating Rule 137. - 24 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 ¶ 53 However, defendants’ Rule 137 argument is not properly before us. In an appeal from an order of civil contempt, we are confined to review only those matters relevant to the order and not matters outside of it. See In re Marriage of Nettleton, 348 Ill. App. 3d 961, 968 (2004) (review of trial court’s finding of indirect civil contempt encompassed review of only the order respondent refused to comply with); see also Ill. S. Ct. R. 304(b)(5) (eff. Feb. 26, 2010) (specifying the particular order of contempt as appealable under the rule); Norskog, 197 Ill. 2d at 69 (when appealing contempt order for refusal to comply with a discovery order, the discovery order is also subject to review because review of the contempt order necessarily requires review of order upon which it is based). Defendants’ Rule 137 argument is not relevant to the trial court’s order holding defendants in contempt, and it is therefore outside of our jurisdiction. Moreover, defendants never made a Rule 137 motion in the trial court, much less one material to the contempt order. Accordingly, we strike defendants’ Rule 137 argument. ¶ 54 D. Civil Contempt Order ¶ 55 We have already disagreed with defendants that the trial court abused its discretion in issuing the discovery order, so we do not address their argument that the contempt order should be vacated because the discovery order, with which they refused to comply, was improper. Defendants argue that, regardless of the validity of the discovery order, the contempt order should be reversed because the $100-per-week fine was excessive. Defendants cite various cases involving one-time fines of $25 to $100. ¶ 56 Plaintiff believes that defendants, although holding an opposing view on the propriety of the discovery order, acted in good faith and that requesting the trial court to hold defendants in civil contempt was the only way to obtain review of the discovery order. See Norskog v. Pfiel, 314 Ill. App. 3d 877, 881 (2000). Plaintiff points out the scant case law directly addressing the - 25 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 situation of granting a continuance to conduct discovery prior to responding to a motion for summary judgment. Plaintiff agrees that defendants should be purged of contempt, with one caveat: if we validate the discovery order, the purging of contempt should be contingent upon defendants’ compliance with the discovery order. ¶ 57 Exposing oneself to a finding of contempt is an appropriate means of testing the validity of a court order in Illinois. Buckholtz v. MacNeal Hospital, 313 Ill. App. 3d 521, 527 (2000). Furthermore, when the contemnor refuses to comply with the court order in a good-faith effort to secure an interpretation of an issue without direct precedent, it is appropriate to vacate the contempt citation on appeal. In re Marriage of Rosenbaum-Golden, 381 Ill. App. 3d 65, 82 (2008); see In re Marriage of Nettleton, 348 Ill. App. 3d at 971-72 (vacating indirect civil contempt order where petitioner asked to be held in contempt so as to appeal trial court order). Given the paucity of direct authority on point, and plaintiff’s acquiescence that defendants acted in good faith, we vacate the contempt order, contingent upon defendants’ compliance with the discovery order. See Buckman v. Columbus-Cabrini Medical Center, 272 Ill. App. 3d 1060, 1067 (1995) (vacating contempt order entered at petitioner’s request where contempt order was used as a vehicle to appeal a discovery order). ¶ 58 III. CONCLUSION ¶ 59 In this case, defendants made a good-faith effort to challenge the trial court=s discovery orderCas plaintiff acknowledgesCand it is therefore appropriate to vacate the trial court’s contempt order. Defendants’ argument that plaintiff violated Rule 137 is not properly before us, and we therefore strike it. In sum, although we find the discovery order valid and the continuance of the motion for summary judgment appropriate, we vacate the contempt order of the Du Page County circuit court and remand the cause. - 26 - 2014 IL App (2d) 121293 ¶ 60 Vacated and remanded.