MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appellant Brian Hunt, acting pro se, challenges a family-violence protective order entered against him pursuant to Title IV of the Texas Family Code. See Tex. Fam. Code

Ann. §§ 71.001–87.004 (West Supp. 2012). On appeal, Hunt argues that the trial court erred in:

(1) failing to reschedule the hearing on the application for protective order; (2) denying him his

right to confront his accuser; (3) finding that Hunt was in a familial relationship with K. C.; and (4) issuing the protective order based on what Hunt asserts were K. C.’s false allegations. We will affirm the trial court’s order.

BACKGROUND

Hunt and K. C. previously dated for an unspecified amount of time, though the two never lived together.^[1] On October 9, 2009, while K. C. was visiting Hunt at his home, Hunt Based on the information in the affidavit, the trial court issued a temporary ex parte protective order and scheduled a hearing for K. C.’s application for protective order. Hunt was given notice of this hearing. The day before the hearing, Hunt faxed a letter to the trial court which stated:

Brian Hunt gives the court notice by special appearance that he has been called to a family emergency in East Texas and will be unable to attend the hearing scheduled for December 17, 2010 at 8:30 a.m.

If the Court believes it necessary to reschedule, please do so and notify me . . . .

At the hearing on K. C.’s application for protective order, the trial court noted that Hunt was not present and that the court had received Hunt’s notice that he would not be attending. The State

called K. C. as its sole witness, and K. C. testified about Hunt’s threatening conduct as outlined in her affidavit. The trial court found that Hunt had committed an act of family violence against K. C. and that Hunt posed a physical threat to K. C. The court issued a default protective order prohibiting

Hunt from contacting K. C. or any member of her family for two years. This appeal followed.

DISCUSSION

Failure to reschedule hearing

In his first and second issues, Hunt asserts that the trial court’s decision not to reschedule the hearing for the protective order after Hunt stated he would not be able to attend

violated due process and deprived him of his right to confront his accuser. The morning before the hearing, Hunt faxed a letter to the court to let the court know that he would not be attending the hearing. In this letter, Hunt did not request that the court reschedule the hearing so that he could attend, and merely asked the court to notify him if the court “believes it necessary to reschedule.”

This did not constitute a motion for continuance. Hunt effectively told the court that he would not be attending the hearing, and the court entered a default judgment in accordance with the family code. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 85.006(a) (stating that court may render protective order on

“respondent who does not attend a hearing” if respondent received service of application and notice of hearing).

Furthermore, the trial court’s decision to enter a default protective order did not violate due process. Section 85.006 of the family code states that a court may issue a protective order even when a party to the order does not attend the hearing if the party was properly served with (1) a copy of the application for protective order and (2) a notice of the hearing. The record establishes that both conditions were met in this case. Section 85.006 complies with due process because it requires the court to provide the respondent with notice of the proposed protective order and the time of the hearing where the respondent can object to the order’s issuance. See id.;

Texas Workers’ Comp. Comm’n v. Patient Advocates, 136 S.W.3d 643, 658 (Tex. 2004) (“Due process at a minimum requires notice and an opportunity to be heard at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner.”); Polley v. State, No. 11-03-00340-CR, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS 11317, at *7–8

(Tex. App.—Eastland Dec. 16, 2004, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (explaining why section 85.006 “does not infringe upon the due process clause.”). Due process requires that

Hunt be given the opportunity to be heard, but Hunt waived that right by failing to attend the hearing.

See Polley, 2004 Tex. App. LEXIS at * 7–8.

Similarly, Hunt was not denied his right to confront his accuser. He was given notice of the time of the hearing, and had he attended, he would have had an opportunity to confront K. C.

and her allegations. See Amir-Sharif v. Hawkins, 246 S.W.3d 267, 270–71 (Tex. App.—Dallas

2007, pet. dism’d). By failing to attend the hearing, Hunt effectively waived his right to confront

K. C. Id. Thus, Hunt’s right to due process and ability to confront his accuser were not violated.

Hunt’s first and second points of error are overruled.

Finding of family violence

In his third point of error, Hunt asserts, under various theories, that he did not have a “familial relationship” with K. C., and thus issuing a protective order under the family code was improper. We take this claim to mean that the evidence was insufficient to support the trial court’s finding that his alleged assault of K. C. constituted family violence.^[2] In considering the legal sufficiency of the evidence, we consider all evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party, indulging every inference in that party’s favor.^[3] See B. C. v. Rhodes, 116 S.W.3d 878, 884–85 (Tex. App.—Austin 2003, no pet.) (analyzing sufficiency of evidence to support dating-violence finding) (internal citations omitted). In a bench trial the court is the trier of fact, and therefore is the “sole judge of the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given to their testimony.” Id. at 884

(internal citations omitted). We defer to the trial court’s findings if they are reasonably supported by the record. Id.

K. C. alleged that she and Hunt had previously dated, and that his threatening behavior occurred during and after their relationship. Under the family code, “dating violence” is a form of “family violence.” See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §§ 71.0021 (defining dating violence), 71.004(3)

(listing dating violence as form of family violence). Thus, if the evidence is sufficient to prove that

Hunt’s alleged assault of K. C. constituted dating violence, the evidence is necessarily sufficient to establish that the alleged assault constituted family violence. See id. § 71.004(3). Dating violence is defined as an act “committed against a victim [] with whom the actor has or has had a dating relationship.” See id. § 71.0021(a)(1)(A). “Dating relationship” is further defined as a “relationship between individuals who have or have had a continuing relationship of a romantic or intimate

nature. The existence of such a relationship shall be determined based on a consideration of: (1) the length of the relationship; (2) the nature of the relationship; and (3) the frequency and type of interaction between the persons involved in the relationship.” See id. § 71.0021(b).

In his brief, Hunt describes the nature of his relationship with K. C., which he claims was “ephemeral at best.” Hunt notes that “at no time were [he and K. C.] considered or recognized [to be] in a dating relationship.” None of these alleged facts are contained in the record before us, and thus, we do not consider them on appeal. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(g) (requiring that facts pertinent to appellate issues “must be supported by record references”); Carlisle v. Phillip

Morris, Inc., 805 S.W.2d 498, 501 (Tex. App.—Austin 1991, writ denied) (noting that materials outside the record may not be considered on appeal). Similarly, we cannot consider the affidavits from Hunt and his friend which were submitted to the trial court nearly two months after the court issued the protective order. See Regal Fin. Co. v. Texas Star Motors, Inc., 355 S.W.3d 595, 603

(Tex. 2010) (noting that appellate court only considers evidence before fact-finder in determining

sufficiency of evidence). Therefore, we must determine whether K. C.’s testimony, which was the only evidence before the trial court, was legally sufficient to establish that Hunt committed dating violence. See id.; see also B. C., 116 S.W.3d at 884–85.

In her testimony, K. C. stated that: (1) she and Hunt dated in the past; (2) Hunt previously assaulted her as outlined above; and (3) that Hunt continued to send her harassing messages after their relationship ended. Given that the trial court issued the protective order, we can infer that the court found K. C. to be credible. See B. C., 116 S.W.3d at 884 (noting that trier

of fact is sole judge of credibility). Thus, K. C.’s uncontroverted testimony reasonably supports the trial court’s finding that she and Hunt had previously dated, that Hunt had assaulted and threatened her during their relationship, and that Hunt continued to harass her after their relationship had ended. Therefore, the evidence was legally sufficient to support the trial court’s conclusion that

Hunt had committed dating violence, and by extension family violence, against K. C. See Tex. Fam.

Code Ann. §§ 71.0021, 71.004(3). Hunt’s third point of error is overruled.

False allegations

In his fourth and final point of error, Hunt claims that K. C.’s testimony contains false statements that constitute aggravated perjury. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 37.03(a) (West 2011)

(defining aggravated perjury). While Hunt does not explain how this alleged perjury is relevant on appeal, we note that a defendant’s due-process rights may be violated if the State uses false testimony to obtain his conviction, regardless of whether the State knew the testimony was false. See Ex parte

Robbins, 360 S.W.3d 446, 459–60 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011). We assume, without deciding, that this principle applies in the context of protective orders. Therefore, we construe Hunt’s argument to

mean that his right to due process was violated by the State’s use of K. C.’s false testimony to obtain a protective order. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.9 (requiring briefs to be construed liberally); Republic

Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Mex-Tex, Inc., 150 S.W.3d 423, 427–48 (Tex. 2004) (noting that courts should reasonably but liberally construe appellant pleadings).

However, there is no evidence in the record that K. C.’s testimony contained false statements. In his brief, Hunt again makes factual assertions that contradict K. C.’s testimony. These

alleged facts have no basis in the record, and therefore we cannot consider them on appeal. Carlisle, 805 S.W.2d at 501 (noting that materials outside the record may not be considered on appeal). Thus, Hunt’s claim that K. C. made false allegations leaves us with nothing to review. See Tex. R. App.

P. 38.1(g) (requiring that facts pertinent to appellate issues “must be supported by record references”).

Hunt’s fourth point of error is overruled.

CONCLUSION

Having overruled all of Hunt’s issues on appeal, we affirm the trial court’s order.

__________________________________________

Diane M. Henson, Justice

Before Justices Puryear, Pemberton, and Henson

Affirmed

Filed: August 31, 2012