IN THE INTEREST OF K.L.M., ) a Minor Child ) ) A.N.C., and M.A.C., ) ) Petitioners-Respondents, ) ) v. ) No. SD36740 ) S.L.M., Natural Father, ) Filed: January 12, 2021 ) Respondent-Appellant, ) ) and ) ) MISSOURI DEPARTMENT of SOCIAL ) SERVICES, CHILDREN’S DIVISION, ) and MCDONALD COUNTY JUVENILE ) OFFICE, ) ) Respondents. )

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF MCDONALD COUNTY

Honorable A. Christine Rhoades AFFIRMED

S.L.M. (“Father”) appeals the termination of his parental rights in, to, and over K.L.M. (“Child”) on the statutory grounds of abandonment (see section 211.447.5(1)), neglect (see section 211.447.5(2)), “failure to rectify” (see section 211.447.5(3)), and parental unfitness (see section 211.447.5(5)). 1 Father presents six points on appeal that claim the findings supporting each statutory ground are against the weight of the evidence. Because Father’s sixth point has no merit and is dispositive of this appeal, we affirm.

Standard of Review

In order to terminate a parent’s rights to his or her child, the trial court must find by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence that at least one ground for termination exists pursuant to section 211.447; if at least one ground for termination is found to exist, the trial court must then determine if termination is in the best interest of the child. In the Interest of P.L.O., 131 S.W.3d 782, 788 (Mo. banc 2004). We review whether the statutory ground or grounds for termination have been proven by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence according to the standard set forth in Murphy v. Carron, 536 S.W.2d 30 (Mo. banc 1976). P.L.O., 131 S.W.3d at 788–89. “Thus, the trial court’s judgment will be affirmed unless it is not supported by substantial evidence, it is against the weight of the evidence, or it erroneously declares or applies the law.” [In re] I.Q.S., 200 S.W.3d [599,] 603 [(Mo. App. W.D. 2006)]. We review whether termination is in the best interest of the child for an abuse of the trial court’s discretion. P.L.O., 131 S.W.3d at 789. “In all of these determinations, the appellate court is deferential to the trial court’s findings of fact and considers all of the evidence and reasonable inferences from the evidence in the light most favorable to the judgment.” I.Q.S., 200 S.W.3d at 603. We further defer to the trial court on issues of credibility, as the trial court is in a superior position to make such determinations. In re J.L.B., 9 S.W.3d 30, 37 (Mo.App.1999). The trial court is free to believe all, some, or none of the testimony of any witness. In re Adoption of W.B.L., 681 S.W.2d 452, 455 (Mo. banc 1984). In re Z.L.R., 347 S.W.3d 601, 605-06 (Mo. App. S.D. 2011).

The Evidence

Viewed in the light most favorable to the judgment, see id. at 602-03, the relevant evidence is as follows. ^[2] Child was born in 2004, and she was almost 16 at the time of trial. Child was just shy of 13 when she was removed from Mother’s home on May 15, 2017. On that date, Child weighed only 30.2 pounds. Child was removed after a sibling reported that her grandfather had touched her inappropriately, and Mother dismissed the possibility that such touching could have occurred.

When Child was removed from Mother’s home, Father was in prison in San Diego, California. In 2008, Father was charged with murder for beating his elderly employer so badly that he went into a coma and died eleven months later. Father pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and is not eligible for parole consideration until November 2024. At that time, Child will be 20 years old.

Natalie Fischer (“Ms. Fischer”), is a Children’s Division supervisor, and she had supervised Child’s case during the entire time that Child was in alternative care. Ms. Fischer testified that Child has “extensive medical issues” which include Down Syndrome, anoxic brain injury, and failure to thrive. Child is nonverbal, wheelchair bound, needs around-the- clock medical care, and receives her food through a gastrostomy tube. Child sees numerous doctors and specialists on a regular basis, receives in-home health care, must be given numerous medications at certain times each day, and has undergone multiple surgical procedures during her time in alternative care.

Although Child is non-verbal, Father called Child and her siblings once or twice a month when he was first incarcerated. After Child was removed from Mother’s home, Father did not call Child at all. During the three-year period that Child was in care, Father wrote Child a total of five letters. Father admitted that he has no firsthand knowledge of Child’s medical needs as he last lived with Child in 2005.

Analysis

We must affirm a termination of parental rights if substantial evidence supports at least one statutory ground for termination found by the trial court and that termination in is in the best interest of the child. ^[3] In re Q.A.H., 426 S.W.3d 7, 12 (Mo. banc 2014). Father’s sixth point, which challenges termination on the ground of parental unfitness, is dispositive of this appeal. 4

The parent is unfit to be a party to the parent and child relationship because of a consistent pattern of committing a specific abuse including, but not limited to, specific conditions directly relating to the parent and child relationship which are determined by the court to be of a duration or nature that renders the parent unable for the reasonably foreseeable future to care appropriately for the ongoing physical, mental, or emotional needs of the child. Section 211.447.5(5)(a).

We agree with the trial court that the following constituted substantial evidence supporting termination on that ground. Father had been incarcerated in California since April 2008 on a 19-year sentence for voluntary manslaughter, and he would not be eligible for parole consideration until 2024, at which time Child would be 20 years old. At the time of trial, Father had not seen Child for 12 years.

Father does not dispute these findings. Instead, he claims that they do not meet the criteria for termination based upon parental unfitness because “there was no evidence of abuse by [Father].” Our supreme court has rejected that argument.

In In re J.P.B., 509 S.W.3d 84, 94-95 (Mo. banc 2017), our high court concluded that the legislature defined abuse in this context to mean “specific conditions directly relating to the parent and child relationship which are determined by the court to be of a duration or nature that renders the parent unable for the reasonably foreseeable future to care appropriately for the ongoing physical, mental, or emotional needs of the child.” Id. (citing section 211.447.5(6)(a), RSMo Noncum. Supp. 2014)). Such specific conditions may include those that result from incarceration. J.P.B., 509 S.W.3d at 95.

The father in J.P.B. had been incarcerated for the first two years of the child’s life and his confinement would continue for at least another 33 months. Id. Our high court noted that

incarceration in and of itself cannot serve as a basis for termination pursuant to [section] 211.447.5(6)(a)[, RSMo Noncum. Supp. 2014,] because incarceration in and of itself does not render a parent unable to care appropriately for a child for the reasonably foreseeable future. Rather, it is the duration of incarceration and the impact of such duration when considering all relevant circumstances, including the child’s age, that may render a parent unable to care appropriately for the child for the reasonably foreseeable future. Id. at 96. As in J.P.B., termination on the ground of parental unfitness was appropriate here because Father would not be released for several years, and it could be “reasonably inferred that Father would be unable to care appropriately for Child for an additional period, if ever, following his release.” Id. at 95.

Similarly, we upheld termination for parental unfitness based upon “substantial evidence . . . that Father’s years-long absence from Child [due to Father’s incarceration] has prohibited the formation of the necessary parent-child relationship, and . . . Father is unfit to parent Child within the reasonably foreseeable future based upon that evidence[.]” Z.L.R., 347 S.W.3d at 609. See also In re C.S., 351 S.W.3d 264, 267-68 (Mo. App. W.D. 2011) (holding termination for parental unfitness appropriate due to lengthy incarceration that rendered the father unable to receive services or exercise visitation until his later release). 5

Here, substantial evidence supported the trial court’s findings that Father had not seen Child for 12 years due to his incarceration, Father would not be eligible for release until Child would be a 20-year-old adult, and “Father would be unable to care appropriately for Child for an additional period, if ever, following his release.” J.P.B., 509 S.W.3d at 95.

The portion of the judgment that terminated Father’s parental rights is affirmed.

DON E. BURRELL, J. – OPINION AUTHOR GARY W. LYNCH, J. – CONCURS MARY W. SHEFFIELD, J. – CONCURS