United States v. Renel Casseus, the United States of Am. v. Chrisleme Fleurantin, 282 F.3d 253 (3rd Cir. 2002). · Go Syfert
United States v. Renel Casseus, the United States of Am. v. Chrisleme Fleurantin, 282 F.3d 253 (3rd Cir. 2002). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
23 citation events (23 in the last 25 years) across 15 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: United States v. Cory Foster (ca3, 2018-05-23)
Treatment trajectory · 2002 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2002 2014 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 19 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Cory Foster
3rd Cir. · 2018 · confidence medium
“High probability means that we have a sure conviction that the error did not prejudice the defendants.” Id. (quoting United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 256 (3d Cir. 2002)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Cerritos
E.D. Va. · 2016 · confidence medium
See United States v. Douglas, 525 F.3d 225, 237 (2d Cir.2008) (“[Ojnce the government has formally in formed the court and the defendant of its intention not to seek the death penalty, the matter is no longer a capital case within the meaning of § 3005 and that section does not require the district court to continue the. appointment of a second attorney.”); United States v. Waggoner, 339 F.3d 915, 917-18 (9th Cir.2003) (term “capital crime” did not encompass the underlying offense when capital punishment could not be imposed and thus government’s formal and irrevocable renunciation …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. William Cordova
D.C. Cir. · 2015 · confidence medium
See United *1102 States v. Douglas, 525 F.3d 225, 237 (2d Cir.2008) (“[0]nce the government has formally informed the court and the defendant of its intention not to seek the death penalty, the matter is no longer a capital case within the meaning of § 3005 and that section does not require the district court to continue the appointment of a second attorney.”); Waggoner, 339 F.3d at 917-18 (term “capital crime” did not encompass the underlying offense when capital punishment could not be imposed and thus government’s formal and irrevocable renunciation of intent to seek a conviction…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Ledbetter
S.D. Ohio · 2015 · confidence medium
See, e.g., United States v. Douglas, 525 F.3d 225, 237 (2d Cir.2008) (“[W]e agree with the majority of the federal courts of appeals that once the government has formally informed the court and the defendant of its intention not to seek the death penalty, the matter is no longer a capital case within the meaning of § 3005.”); United States v. Waggoner, 339 F.3d 915, 918 (9th Cir.2003) (“[T]he term ‘capital crime’ as used in § 3005 does not encompass the underlying offense when capital punishment cannot be imposed”); United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 256 (3d Cir.2002) (“[A…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Chinua Shepperson
4th Cir. · 2014 · confidence medium
See, e.g., United States v. Douglas, 525 F.3d 225, 237 (2d Cir.2008) (”[W]e agree with the majority of the federal courts of appeals that once the government has formally informed the court and the defendant of its intention not to seek the death penalty, the matter is no longer a capital case within the meaning of § 3005.”); United States v. Waggoner, 339 F.3d 915, 918 (9th Cir.2003) ("[T]he term ‘capital crime' as used in § 3005 does not encompass the underlying offense when capital punishment cannot be imposed”); United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 256 (3d Cir.2002) (‘‘[Aj…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Epps
W.D. Pa. · 2013 · confidence medium
While under Roviaro the government may have a duty to disclose under appropriate circumstances the identity of a confidential informant who will not testify at trial, the Roviaro analysis is inapplicable where the witness will testify, United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 257 (3d Cir.2002), and the government has no duty to disclose a testifying witness’s identity.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Brian Smith
3rd Cir. · 2012 · confidence medium
“High probability means that we have a sure conviction that the error did not prejudice the defendants.” United States v. *676 Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 256 (3d Cir.2002) (internal quotation marks omitted).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Duka
3rd Cir. · 2011 · confidence medium
“High probability means that we have a sure conviction that the error did not prejudice the defendants.” United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 256 (3d Cir.2002) (internal quotation marks omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Pesante-Lopez
D.P.R. · 2008 · confidence medium
See United States v. Waggoner, 339 F.3d 915 (9th Cir.2003) (holding that the government’s determination not to seek the death penalty extinguished defendant’s statutory right to learned counsel); United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 256 (3rd Cir.2002) (concluding that the government’s decision not to pursue the death penalty eliminated defendant’s right to two attorneys); United States v. Grimes, 142 F.3d 1342, 1347 (11th Cir.l998)(“[A] defendant is not entitled to benefits he would otherwise receive in a capital case if the government announces that it will not seek the death pen…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Douglas (2×)
2d Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
However, “the purpose of the two-attorney right is to reduce the chance that an innocent defendant would be put to death because of inadvertence or errors in judgment of his counsel,” United States v. *236 Waggoner, 339 F.3d 915, 918 (9th Cir.2003) (internal quotation marks omitted), cert. denied, 543 U.S. 1005 , 125 S.Ct. 623 , 160 L.Ed.2d 466 (2004), and all but one of our Sister Circuits that have dealt with this issue have reasoned that once the government has announced that it does not seek the death penalty, the case is no longer a capital case, see, e.g., United States v. Cas-seus, …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Brahm (2×)
D.N.J. · 2007 · confidence medium
United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 257 (3d Cir.2002).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Pickard v. United States
D.V.I. · 2004 · confidence medium
Agent Roberto Enriquez, and finally 5) the government protected Detective Hodge by “refusing to allow her to testify.” The government argues, on the other hand, that Petitioner is not entitled to habeas relief for the following reasons: 1) Under United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 257 (3d Cir.2002), petitioner does not have the right to full discovery of the government’s case. 2) That United States ex rel.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Michael Waggoner
9th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
As the Third Circuit recently observed, “after the government declared that it would no longer seek the death penalty, the appellants were no longer capital defendants.” United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 256 (3d Cir.2002) (holding any error in refusing to appoint an additional counsel under § 3005 is harmless when the government declines to seek the death penalty).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Grant
D. Del. · 2003 · confidence medium
Because “a criminal defendant does not have the right to full discovery of the government’s case,” United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 257 (3d Cir.2002), and because production of items (a)-(i) listed in Paragraph 5 sufficiently balances the interests of the defendant and the government as described in Rovario, the Court will deny Defendants’ requests that exceed the limits set forth in Paragraph 5.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Simmons
D.D.C. · 2016 · signal: see · confidence high
A. Non-Testifying Informants and Cooperators With respect to non-testifying informants, “[t]he Supreme Court has stated that, in determining whether to require the disclosure of confidential informants, the Court should balance ‘the probable interest in protecting the flow of information against the [defendant's] right to prepare his defense.’” United States v. Ramirez, 54 F. Supp. 2d 25, 31 (D.D.C. 1999) (quoting Roviaro v. United States, 353 U.S. at 62 ); see United States v. Glover, 583 F. Supp. 2d 5, 12 (D.D.C. 2008) (“Roviaro and its progeny apply only when the informant does no…
cited Cited "see" United States v. Glover
D.D.C. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 257 (3d Cir.2002) (noting that Roviaro “addresses] the duty of the prosecution to disclose the identity of confidential informants who will not testify”).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Fields (2×)
5th Cir. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253 , 256 n. 1 (3d Cir.2002).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Rodriguez-Berrios
D.P.R. · 2005 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 256 (3d Cir.2002), cert. denied, 537 U.S. 852 , 123 S.Ct. 206 , 154 L.Ed.2d 84 (2002); United States v. Waggoner, 339 F.3d 915, 919 (9th Cir.2003), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 125 S.Ct. 623 , 160 L.Ed.2d 466 (2004); U.S. v. Grimes, 142 F.3d 1342 , 1347 (11th Cir.1998); see also United States v. Shepherd, 576 F.2d 719 (7th Cir.1978)(finding that a formerly capital defendant has no continued right to learned counsel under earlier version of section 3005); United States v. Kaiser, 545 F.2d 467, 475 (5th Cir.1977) (same); United States v. Weddell, 567 F.…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Nosov
unknown court · 2004 · signal: compare · confidence medium
Compare, e.g., United States v. Waggoner, 339 F.3d 915, 919 (9th Cir.2003) (concluding that when “the threat that the death penalty will be imposed has been eliminated, the defendant no longer has a statutory right to a second court-appointed attorney to defend him at the trial of the non-capital offense”), United States v. Casseus, 282 F.3d 253, 256 (3d Cir.2002) (same), United States v. Grimes, 142 F.3d 1342, 1347 (11th Cir.1998) (same), United States v. Shepherd, 576 F.2d 719, 729 (7th Cir.1978) (same), and United States v. Weddell, 567 F.2d 767, 770-71 (8th Cir.1977) (same), with Unite…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
The UNITED STATES of America,
v.
Renel CASSEUS, Appellant; The United States of America, v. Chrisleme Fleurantin, Appellant
00-2803, 00-2804.
Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
Mar 5, 2002.
282 F.3d 253
William J. Glore, (Argued), Hymes & Zebedee, St. Thomas USVI, for Appellant Casseus., Erik E. Woodbury, Dudley Clerk & Chan, Estate Thomas, St. Thomas USVI, for Appellant Fleurantin., Hugh P. Mabe, III, (Argued), Office of United States Attorney United States, St. Thomas USVI, for Appellee.
Becker, Nygaard, Cowen.
Cited by 21 opinions  |  Published

OPINION OF THE COURT

NYGAARD, Circuit Judge.

Renel Casseus and Chrisleme Fleuran-tin appeal from their convictions of five counts of alien smuggling resulting in a death, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1)(A)© and (B)(iv), and of five counts of alien smuggling in which the life of a person was put in jeopardy, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1)(A)© and (B)(iii). Casseus was also convicted of reentry of a deported alien, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a). Casseus was sentenced to 120 months of incarceration followed by a five-year term of supervised release. Fleurantin was sentenced to 80 months of incarceration followed by a five-year term of supervised release.

Appellants raise the same three issues on appeal. First, they contend that because violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(l)(B)(iv) is a capital crime, under 18 U.S.C. § 3005 the District Court erred by failing to appoint, upon their request, death-penalty qualified counsel to assist in their defense. Second, they contend that they were deprived of a fair trial because the District Court refused to order pretrial discovery of the government’s witness list, and refused to order the prosecution to make the eyewitnesses, whom the prosecution was detaining, available for the defendants to interview within a reasonable period of time before trial. Finally, they contend that the District Court erred by admitting the testimony of an Immigration and Naturalization Service agent that the beach upon which the aliens were offloaded was not a lawful point of entry pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 100.4 (2001). We will affirm.

I.

Renel Casseus was the captain and Chrisleme Fleurantin was a crewman on board the Confiance Endieu, a twenty-five foot, open wooden boat. One stormy night, appellants, for a fee, brought thirty-one Haitian nationals on this boat from St. Martin, F.W.I., to Lindqvist Beach, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. According to witnesses, the boat was overloaded, but appellants made the voyage nonetheless. When the boat approached Lindqvist Beach, the sea conditions were rough and the boat became grounded on a reef. While still in deep water, Casseus told the passengers to disembark and make their own way to shore. One passenger did not make it, and drowned.

Appellants were arrested within a few days, and indicted for five counts each of alien smuggling. Later, a superceding indictment was returned, setting forth sentencing enhancements, and including the five counts each of alien smuggling resulting in death, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(1)(A)© and (B)(iv). This crime is punishable by death.

From the time of their initial arraignments, both appellants requested that the District Court appoint death-penalty qualified counsel for them. The District Court refused, waiting instead for the government to decide whether it would seek the death penalty. During this waiting period, plea negotiations were ongoing, although unsuccessful. One month after the su-perceding indictment, the government announced that it would not seek the death penalty in either case. Both appellants were tried by a jury and found guilty as to all counts.

II.

Title 8 of the United States Code, § 1324(a)(1)(A) makes it a federal crime to[*256] bring, or attempt to bring, an alien into the United States through a port other than a “designated port of entry.” 8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(l)(B)(iv) states that a violation of (a)(1)(A) that results in the death of any person, may be punished by death. At issue here is 18 U.S.C. § 3005, which states in relevant part:

Whoever is indicted for treason or other capital crime shall be allowed to make his full defense by counsel; and the court before which the defendant is to be tried, or a judge thereof, shall promptly, upon the defendant’s request, assign 2 such counsel, of whom at least 1 shall be learned in the law of capital cases....

Appellants were indicted for a capital crime on March 25,1999, and they promptly requested death-penalty qualified counsel. The District Court did not act upon their requests until May 12, 1999, when the requests were rendered moot by the government’s decision not to seek the death penalty. As noted, appellants argue that by failing to appoint “2 such counsel, of whom at least 1 shall be learned in the law of capital cases ...,” the court erred. We will not decide, however, whether the District Court so erred, because, even if we assume the court erred, we hold that the error was harmless.

Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 52(a) instructs that “any error, defect, irregularity or variance which does not affect substantial rights shall be disregarded.” Fed.R.Crim.P. 52(a); see also 28 U.S.C. § 2111. We have held that a non-constitutional error committed at trial does not warrant reversal where “it is highly probable that the error did not contribute to the judgment.” United States v. Helbling, 209 F.3d 226, 241 (3d Cir.2000) (quoting United States v. Zehrbach, 47 F.3d 1252, 1265 (3d Cir.1995) (en banc)). “ ‘High probability’ requires that we have a sure conviction that the error did not prejudice the defendants.” United States v. Mathis, 264 F.3d 321, 342 (3d Cir.2001) (quoting United States v. Jannotti, 729 F.2d 213, 220 n. 2 (3d Cir.1984)).

Because this right to additional counsel is created by statute, and not coterminous with the right to counsel contained in the Sixth Amendment, the essential question is whether there is a “high probability” that the error did not prejudice the appellants. Here, we conclude that the error did not prejudice the appellants at all. Although the possibility of the death penalty was hanging over the appellants’ heads during plea negotiations, they were not pressured by that fact to enter into plea agreements with the government, nor to provide it with statements or information prejudicial to them at their trial. As the statute itself states, the purpose of 18 U.S.C. § 3005 is to allow a capital defendant to “make his full defense by counsel.” This, they were fully able to do. Moreover, after the government declared that it would not seek the death penalty, the appellants were no longer capital defendants. Because appellants were not harmed in any way, we conclude that even if the District Court erred, that error does not require that we reverse their convictions. [1]

III.

Appellants’ final two issues do not require much analysis. Appellants ar[*257] gue that the District Court erred by refusing to order the prosecution, within a reasonable time before trial, to disclose and allow the defense to interview the only available eyewitnesses, who were in the prosecution’s custody. We disagree. First, it is clear that a criminal defendant does not have the right to full discovery of the government’s case. See, e.g. United States v. Addonizio, 451 F.2d 49, 62 (3d Cir.1972) (“in no event is the government required to divulge the identity of its witnesses in a noncapital case”); 18 U.S.C. § 3432 (a person charged with a capital offense must be furnished with a list of witnesses at least three days prior to trial). Second, none of the cases relied upon by the appellants are applicable. Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963) requires the prosecution to disclose “evidence favorable to the accused.” Here, the record is clear that the witnesses had no exculpatory information to offer the appellants. Furthermore, appellants’ reliance on Roviaro v. United States, 353 U.S. 53, 77 S.Ct. 623, 1 L.Ed.2d 639 (1957) and United States v. Jiles, 658 F.2d 194 (3d Cir.1981), is inappropriate. These cases address the duty of the prosecution to disclose the identity of confidential informants who will not testify. Here, all witnesses did testify, and appellants were actually allowed to interview these witnesses before trial. We conclude that the Court did not abuse its discretion by denying discovery.

Finally, we conclude that the District Court did not err by admitting the testimony of an INS agent that Lindqvist Beach was not a designated port of entry. There is really no dispute that Lindqvist Beach is not a designated port of entry according to the Code of Federal Regulations. 8 C.F.R. § 100.4 (2001). Agent Nash testified based on her knowledge, training, and eleven years of experience in the INS that Lindqvist Beach was not a designated port of entry. The fact.that there is a regulation designating ports of entry does not preclude a properly credentialed expert from testifying to this fact based on her knowledge and experience. As the trial judge noted, he could have taken judicial notice of the designation had he so desired, he just did not do so. The simple fact is that Lindqvist Beach is not a valid port of entry, which fact was properly proven at trial. Appellants were not prejudiced by Nash’s testimony.

CONCLUSION

In summary, we hold that even if the District Court erred by refusing to appoint death-penalty qualified counsel for appellants promptly after their indictments for a capital offense, that the error was harmless. Next, we find no merit in the appellants’ remaining arguments. We will therefore affirm the judgments and convictions.

1

. In so holding, we note that our departure from the Fourth Circuit’s conclusion that “harmless error review is not applicable to a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 3005 because § 3005 provides an absolute statutory right to two attorneys.” United States v. Boone, 245 F.3d 352, 361 n. 8 (4th Cir.2001). We disagree, and for, inter alia, the reasons stated above we believe that harmless error review is appropriate.