United States v. Ivan Excel Mason, 440 F.3d 1056 (8th Cir. 2006). · Go Syfert
United States v. Ivan Excel Mason, 440 F.3d 1056 (8th Cir. 2006). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
28 citation events (28 in the last 25 years) across 1 distinct court.
Strongest positive: United States v. Randall Comly (ca8, 2021-05-20)
Treatment trajectory · 2008 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
2008 2017 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 18 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Randall Comly
8th Cir. · 2021 · confidence medium
United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057 (8th Cir. 2006).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Vondale Kincaide
8th Cir. · 2019 · confidence medium
United States v. Montgomery, 701 F.3d 1218, 1222 (8th Cir. 2012) (“Inappropriate application of the ACCA would constitute procedural error.”). -2- 546, 549 (8th Cir. 2009); United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057 (8th Cir. 2006).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Dominic Rickett
8th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
“Under the ACCA, each distinct ‘criminal episode’ — as opposed to a ‘continuous course of conduct’ — is a separate predicate offense.” United States v. Chappell, 704 F.3d 551, 552 (8th Cir.2013) (quoting United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057-58 (8th Cir.2006)). “[A] criminal offense is a distinct criminal episode when it occurs in a different location and at a different time.” Id.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Bryan Chappell
8th Cir. · 2013 · confidence medium
Under the ACCA, each distinct “criminal episode” — as opposed to a “continuous course of conduct” — is a separate predicate offense, regardless of the “date of the convictions or the number of trials or pleas resulting in those convictions.” United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057-58 (8th Cir.2006).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Leroyce White
8th Cir. · 2012 · confidence medium
See 18 U.S.C. § 924 (e); United States v. Vinton, 631 F.3d 476, 484-85 (8th Cir.) (explaining that under the modified categorical approach, the defendant’s conviction under Missouri’s second-degree-assault statute was a violent felony for ACCA purposes), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 132 S.Ct. 213 , 181 L.Ed.2d 115 (2011); United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057-58 (8th Cir.2006) (holding that multiple drug sales that occurred over three weeks and resulted in ten Missouri convictions were all predicate serious drug offenses for ACCA purposes).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Bynum
8th Cir. · 2012 · confidence medium
United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057 (8th Cir.2006).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Willoughby
8th Cir. · 2011 · confidence medium
However, as to the first fact, we have observed that “[t]he ACCA speaks ... to drug offenses committed on different ‘occasions,’ not to offenses committed with different individuals.” United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1058 (8th Cir.2006) (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 924 (e)(1)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Ross
8th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
In addition, “[w]e repeatedly have held criminal episodes underlying convictions trigger application of the ACCA, not the date of the convictions or the number of trials or pleas resulting in those convictions.” United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057 (8th Cir.2006).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Leroy Ross
8th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
As we stated in Van, “[w]e have repeatedly held that convictions for separate drug transactions on separate days are multiple ACCA predicate offenses, even if the transactions were sales to the same victim or informant.” 543 F.3d at 966 (holding that narcotics sales to the same informant seven days apart were separate offenses). -3- In addition, “[w]e repeatedly have held criminal episodes underlying convictions trigger application of the ACCA, not the date of the convictions or the number of trials or pleas resulting in those convictions.” United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057 (…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Jerry Brown (2×)
8th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
See United States v. Armstrong, 554 F.3d 1159, 1163 (8th Cir.2009) (violent felony); United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057 (8th Cir.2006) (serious drug offense).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Van
8th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057 (8th Cir.2006).
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Lafayette Van
8th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057 (8th Cir. 2006).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Davidson
8th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
The facts surrounding the commission of these offenses are not disputed, and we review de novo the district court’s determination that a prior conviction is a qualifying “violent felony.” United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057 (8th Cir.2006).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Mark Davidson
8th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
The facts surrounding the commission of these offenses are not disputed, and we review de novo the district court’s determination that a prior conviction is a qualifying “violent felony.” United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057 (8th Cir. 2006).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Keldron Carlton
8th Cir. · 2010 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057-58 (8th Cir.2006) (criminal episodes underlying convictions trigger ACCA).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Eddie W. Smith
8th Cir. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057 (8th Cir. 2006) (de novo review; criminal episodes underlying convictions trigger application of ACCA, not date of convictions or number of trials or pleas); United States v. Speakman, 330 F.3d 1080, 1081-82 (8th Cir.2003) (3 drug sales to same undercover officer on 3 separate dates within 1 month, although consolidated into single sentence, were properly treated as 3 convictions for purposes of ACCA); United States v. Cardenas, 217 F.3d 491, 491-92 (7th Cir. 2000) (2 drug sales to same individuals within 45 minutes constituted separate and disti…
cited Cited "see" United States v. Kenneth Murray
8th Cir. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057-58 (8th Cir.2006); United States v. Speakman, 330 F.3d 1080, 1082 (8th Cir.2003); United States v. McDile, 914 F.2d 1059, 1061 (8th Cir.1990).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Anyanso Agwu
8th Cir. · 2008 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Mason, 440 F.3d 1056, 1057-58 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Speakman, 330 F.3d 1080, 1082 (8th Cir.2003); United States v. McDile, 914 F.2d 1059, 1061 (8th Cir.1990).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
UNITED STATES of America, Appellant,
v.
Ivan Excel MASON, Appellee
05-3879.
Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
Mar 21, 2006.
440 F.3d 1056
Thomas J. Mehan, AUSA, argued, St. Louis, MO, for appellant., John M. Lynch, argued, Clayton, MO, for appellee.
Wollman, Fagg, Riley.
Cited by 18 opinions  |  Published
RILEY, Circuit Judge.

The government appeals the district court’s decision not to sentence Ivan Excel Mason (Mason) as an armed career criminal under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), 18 U.S.C. § 924(e), based on Mason’s ten prior Missouri state drug offense convictions comprising seven separate drug sale events over nineteen days in October 1999. We reverse and remand for resentencing.

I. BACKGROUND

On June 30, 2005, Mason pled guilty to two counts of being a felon in possession of a firearm, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). Before the events giving rise to Mason’s recent federal convictions, on June 12, 2000, Mason was convicted in Missouri state court of ten counts of distribution of a controlled substance, in violation of Missouri Revised Statutes sections 195.211 and 558.011. Mason’s ten counts of distributing drugs involved sales'of cocaine base or heroin at four different locations on seven different dates, all to the same undercover officer. [1]

At sentencing, the government sought to have Mason sentenced as an armed career criminal under the ACCA based on his prior drug offense convictions. Mason objected, and the district court refused to sentence him under the ACCA, viewing Mason’s prior crimes as one conviction, thus not meeting the threshold three convictions as required by the ACCA. See 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1). The district court then sentenced Mason to 42 months’ imprisonment, well below the fifteen-year minimum mandated under the ACCA. See id.

II. DISCUSSION

We review de novo whether a prior conviction is a serious drug offense for the purpose of sentencing under the ACCA. United States v. Brown, 408 F.3d 1016, 1017 (8th Cir.2005).

The ACCA provides, in part:
In the case of a person who violates section 922(g) of this title and has three previous convictions by any court referred to in section 922(g)(1) of this title for a violent felony or a serious drug offense, or both, committed on occasions different from one another, such person shall be fined under this title and imprisoned not less than fifteen years, and, notwithstanding any other provision of law, the court shall not suspend the sentence of, or grant a probationary sentence to, such person with respect to the conviction under section 922(g).

18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1) (emphasis added). The language of section 924(e)(1) is clear and mandatory.

We repeatedly have held criminal episodes underlying convictions trigger application of the ACCA, not the date of the convictions or the number of trials or pleas resulting in those convictions. See United States v. Turner, 431 F.3d 332, 337-38 (8th Cir.2005) (deciding two robberies in different cities with different victims three days[*1058] apart were distinct criminal episodes for section 924(e)(1)); United States v. Speakman, 330 F.3d 1080, 1081-83 (8th Cir.2003) (finding three drug sales made to the same undercover officer on different days and times within a one-month period, and consolidated for sentencing, were still separate and distinct criminal episodes under § 924(e)); United States v. Long, 320 F.3d 795, 801-02 (8th Cir.2003) (holding defendant’s guilty plea to three counts involving three separate drug deliveries on separate days constituted three convictions for ACCA purposes regardless that defendant pled guilty in a single proceeding' and was sentenced to a single ten-year sentence for all three deliveries). See also United States v. Cardenas, 217 F.3d 491, 491-92 (7th Cir.2000) (concluding two sales of crack cocaine made a half a block apart and separated by 45 minutes, and a third sale made the next day, all to the same people, were each separate and distinct criminal episodes constituting three previous convictions under section 924(e)(1)). Our decision in United States v. McDile, 914 F.2d 1059, 1060-61 (8th Cir.1990) (per curiam), is particularly on point. In that ease, McDile pled guilty to two counts of selling a controlled substance, occurring on separate dates, and pled guilty in another case to two counts of selling a controlled substance, again occurring on separate dates. We disagreed with McDile’s contention that his four convictions, occurring at the same time in state court, were a single criminal episode for the purposes of the ACCA. We held, because the “drug sales were at different times, spread over a two-month period and were made to two different individuals,” McDile had four pri- or convictions for purposes of the ACCA. Id. at 1061.

McDile’s reasoning applies here. Mason’s drug sales occurred at different times and locations, and were spread over approximately a three-week period. It is true McDile made sales to two individuals while Mason’s ten sales all were made to the same undercover officer. The ACCA speaks, however, to drug offenses committed on different “occasions,” not to offenses committed with different individuals. 18 U.S.C; § 924(e)(1). See Speakman, 330 F.3d at 1082. We do not consider the fact Mason made repeated sales to the same customer a relevant factor in determining whether the ACCA applies.

Under Missouri law, Mason’s prior drug offense convictions were “serious drug offenses” for purposes of the ACCA. See 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(A)(ii) (defining “serious drug offense” as “an offense under State law, involving manufacturing, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture or distribute, a controlled substance ... for which a maximum term of imprisonment of ten years or more is prescribed by law”); Mo.Rev.Stat. §§ 195.211, 558.011.1(2) (subjecting those convicted of the Class B felony of distributing a controlled substance to a maximum penalty of fifteen years’ imprisonment). Mason’s ten prior convictions involved seven separate criminal episodes. See Speakman, 330 F.3d at 1082-83; McDile, 914 F.2d at 1060-61. Mason therefore should have been sentenced as a career offender under the ACCA, and his 42-month sentence is illegal.

III. CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated, the district court’s 42-month sentence for Mason is reversed, and we remand for resentencing in accordance with the ACCA and this opinion.

1

. Mason’s prior drug offenses included sales on October 7, 11, 13, 15, 19, 22, and 25, 1999, at four separate locations in St. Louis County, Missouri.