Marquez v. Texas, 484 U.S. 872 (1987). · Go Syfert
Marquez v. Texas, 484 U.S. 872 (1987). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
712 citation events (149 in the last 25 years) across 48 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Rojas v. State (texcrimapp, 1998-09-23) · Strongest negative: State v. Webb (conn, 1996-07-30)
Treatment trajectory · 1987 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1987 2006 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
cited Cited "but see" State v. Webb
Conn. · 1996 · signal: but see · confidence high
Ed. 2d 726 (1984); but see State v. Palmer, 224 Neb. 282, 330-31 , 399 N.W.2d 706 (1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S. Ct. 206 , 98 L.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Rojas v. State (2×)
Tex. Crim. App. · 1998 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
the statute requires reversal if the jury is allowed to separate after the court's charge has been given unless the defendant consents
examined Cited as authority (quoted) Barley v. State (4×) also: Cited "see"
Tex. Crim. App. · 1995 · signal: cf. · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence low
impermissibly
examined Cited as authority (quoted) LeBlanc v. State
Tex. App. · 1992 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
where determinations as to questions of law have already been made on a prior appeal to a court of last resort, those determinations will be held to govern the case throughout all of its subsequent stages, including a re-trial and a subsequent appeal
examined Cited as authority (quoted) State v. Hall
Tex. App. · 1990 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
where determinations as to questions of law have already been made on a prior appeal to a court of last resort, those determinations will be held to govern the case throughout all of its subsequent stages, including a retrial and a subsequent appeal
cited Cited "see" Demetrius Avery Jackson, Jr. v. State of Alabama.
Ala. Crim. App. · 2010 · signal: see · confidence high
See Thompson v. State, 503 So.2d 871, 880-81 (Ala.Cr.App.1986), affirmed, 503 So.2d 887 (Ala.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 204 , 98 L.Ed.2d 155 (1987).”).
discussed Cited "see" Reynolds v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 2010 · signal: see · confidence high
See Snyder v. State, 893 So.2d 488 (Ala.Crim.App.2003).’ “11 So.3d at 302. “ ‘ “ “While this failure to object does not preclude review in a capital case, it does weigh against any claim of prejudice.’ Ex parte Kennedy, 472 So.2d [1106,] at 1111 [ (Ala.1985) ] (emphasis in original). ‘This court has concluded that the failure to object to improper prose-cutorial arguments ... should be weighed as part of our evaluation of the claim on the merits because of its suggestion that the defense did not consider the comments in question to be particularly harmful.’ Johnson v. Wainwri…
discussed Cited "see" Blackmon v. State (2×)
Ala. Crim. App. · 2006 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rule 45A, Ala.R.App.P. “ ‘ “This court has concluded that the failure to object to improper prosecuto-rial arguments ... should be weighed as part of our evaluation of the claim on the merits because of its suggestion that the defense did not consider the comments in question to be particularly harmful.” ’ Kuenzel v. State, 577 So.2d 474, 489 (Ala.Crim.App.1990), aff'd, 577 So.2d 531 (Ala.), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 886 , 112 S.Ct. 242 , 116 L.Ed.2d 197 (1991), quoting Johnson v. Wainwright, 778 F.2d 623 , 629 n. 6 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 201 , 98 L.…
discussed Cited "see" Johnson v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rule 45A, Ala.R.App.P. "`This court has concluded that the failure to object to improper prosecutorial arguments ... should be weighed as part of our evaluation of the claim on the merits because of its suggestion that the defense did not consider the comments in question to be particularly harmful.'" Kuenzel v. State, 577 So.2d 474, 489 (Ala.Crim.App. 1990), aff'd, 577 So.2d 531 (Ala.), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 886 , 112 S.Ct. 242 , 116 L.Ed.2d 197 (1991), quoting Johnson v. Wainwright, 778 F.2d 623 , 629 n. 6 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 201 , 98 L.Ed.2d 152 (198…
cited Cited "see" Gregory Agnew v. Blair J. Leibach
7th Cir. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Johnson v. Wainwrighi, 778 F.2d 623 (11th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 201 , 98 L.Ed.2d 152 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Agnew, Gregory v. Leibach, Blair
7th Cir. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Johnson v. Wainwright, 778 F.2d 623 (11th Cir. 1985), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Moore v. Kinney
D. Neb. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Palmer, 224 Neb. 282, 318-20 , 399 N.W.2d 706, 731-32 (1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 206 , 98 L.Ed.2d 157 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Windsor v. State
Ark. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Snell v. State, 290 Ark. 503 , 721 S.W.2d 628 (1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 (1987) (finding that testimony that merely cumulative cannot effect the substantial rights of a defendant).
discussed Cited "see" Clark v. State
Tex. Crim. App. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rector v. State, 738 S.W.2d 235, 247 (Tex.Crim.App.1986) ( on direct appeal, court would not address appellant’s contention that Court erred in prior denial of motion for extension of time within which to file Out-of-Time Motion for New Trial, as appellant’s contention was in nature of motion for rehearing on court’s original order), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 202 , 98 L.Ed.2d 153 (1987).
cited Cited "see" State v. Stevenson
Tex. App. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Granviel v. State, 723 S.W.2d 141, 146 (Tex.Crim.App.1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 205 , 98 L.Ed.2d 156 (1987). 67 .
discussed Cited "see" Oles v. State (2×)
Tex. Crim. App. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Marquez v. State. 725 S.W.2d 217, 234 (1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 201 , 98 L.Ed.2d 152 (1987).
examined Cited "see" Stanley D. Lingar v. Michael Bowersox (4×)
8th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 206 , 98 L.Ed.2d 157 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Lingar v. Bowersox (2×)
8th Cir. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 206 , 98 L.Ed.2d 157 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Stewart v. LaGrand (2×)
SCOTUS · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See 484 U. S. 872 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Gray v. State
Tex. App. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Marquez v. State, 725 S.W.2d 217, 239 (Tex.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 201 , 98 L.Ed.2d 152 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Tillman v. Cook
D. Utah · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Johnson v. Wainwright, 778 F.2d 623, 631 (11th Cir.1985) (evaluating challenged comments in light of “the rest of the prosecutor’s speech”), cert. denied 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 201 , 98 L.Ed.2d 152 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Jordy v. State
Tex. App. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Granviel v. State, 723 S.W.2d 141, 146 (Tex.Crim.App.1986) (citing Miranda, 384 U.S. at 478 , 86 S.Ct. at 1630 , 16 L.Ed.2d at 726 ), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 205 , 98 L.Ed.2d 156 (1987). 6 .
discussed Cited "see" State v. Boyd (2×)
Tenn. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Bobo, 727 S.W.2d 945 (Tenn.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 204 , 98 L.Ed.2d 155 (1987); State v. Workman, 667 S.W.2d 44 (Tenn.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 873 , 105 S.Ct. 226 , 83 L.Ed.2d 155 (1984); State v. Cone, 665 S.W.2d 87 (Tenn.), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1210 , 104 S.Ct. 2400 , 81 L.Ed.2d 357 (1984); State v. Campbell, 664 S.W.2d 281 (Tenn.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 920 , 105 S.Ct. 302 , 83 L.Ed.2d 236 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" Cargill v. Turpin (2×)
11th Cir. · 1997 · signal: see · confidence high
See Johnson v. Wainwright, 778 F.2d 623, 631 (11th Cir.1985) (evaluating challenged comments in light of "the rest of the prosecutor's speech"), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 201 , 98 L.Ed.2d 152 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Williams v. State
Tex. App. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Harris v. State, 738 S.W.2d 207, 224 (Tex.Crim.App.1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 207 , 98 L.Ed.2d 158 (1987)(if the evidence fails to show that an offense was committed or that the defendant was connected to the offense, then it is not evidence of an extraneous offense); Laca v. State, 893 S.W.2d 171, 186 (Tex.App.-El Paso 1995, pet. ref'd).
discussed Cited "see" Palmer v. Nebraska Supreme Court
D. Neb. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Palmer, 224 Neb. 282, 322-331 , 399 N.W.2d 706, 733-38 (1986) (The proportionality review made under the requirements of Neb.Rev.Stat. §§ 29-2521.01-03 is limited to a comparison of the facts and circumstances of the death penalty-imposed case under review with those of all applicable cases in which the death penalty as opposed to life imprisonment was imposed) cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 206 , 98 L.Ed.2d 157 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Alexander v. State (2×)
Tex. App. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Harris v. State, 738 S.W.2d 207, 220 (Tex.Crim.App.1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 207 , 98 L.Ed.2d 158 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Whitaker v. State
Tex. App. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See Harris v. State, 738 S.W.2d 207, 220 (Tex.Crim.App. 1986), cert, denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 207 , 98 L.Ed.2d 158 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Harvey
La. Ct. App. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Perry, 502 So.2d 543, 558-59 (La.1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 205 , 98 L.Ed.2d 156 (1987), reh. denied, 484 U.S. 992 , 108 S.Ct. 511 , 98 L.Ed.2d 511 (1987); State v. Copeland, 530 So.2d 526, 542-43 (La.1988), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1091 , 109 S.Ct. 1558 , 103 L.Ed.2d 860 (1989), reh. denied, 490 U.S. 1077 , 109 S.Ct. 2092 , 104 L.Ed.2d 655 (1989).
cited Cited "see" State v. Chambers
Mo. · 1995 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Lingar, 726 S.W.2d 728, 741 (Mo. banc), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 206 , 98 L.Ed.2d 157 (1987).
cited Cited "see" State v. Martin
La. Ct. App. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Perry, 502 So.2d 543 (La.1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 205 , 98 L.Ed.2d 156 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Barber v. State (2×)
Tenn. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Bobo, 727 S.W.2d 945, 956 (Tenn.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 204 , 98 L.Ed.2d 155 (1987); State v. Workman, 667 S.W.2d 44, 49 (Tenn.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 873 , 105 S.Ct. 226 , 83 L.Ed.2d 155 (1984); State v. Cone, 665 S.W.2d 87, 94 (Tenn.1984), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1210 , 104 S.Ct. 2400 , 81 L.Ed.2d 357 (1984); and State v. Campbell, 664 S.W.2d 281, 284 (Tenn.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 920 , 105 S.Ct. 302 , 83 L.Ed.2d 236 (1984).
cited Cited "see" Hilton v. State
Tex. App. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Harris v. State, 738 S.W.2d 207, 220 (Tex.Crim.App.1986), ce rt. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 207 , 98 L.Ed.2d 158 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Hull v. State
Tex. App. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Harris v. State, 738 S.W.2d 207, 220 (Tex.Crim.App.1986) cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 207 , 98 L.Ed.2d 158 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" State v. West
Ariz. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. LaGrand, 153 Ariz. 21 , 30 n. 4, 734 P.2d 563 , 572 n. 4 (prosecutor has discretion on what crimes to charge and prosecute), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 207 , 98 L.Ed.2d 158 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Workman v. State
Tenn. Crim. App. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Sparks, 727 S.W.2d 480 (Tenn.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 205 , 98 L.Ed.2d 156 (1987).
cited Cited "see" State v. Smith
Mo. Ct. App. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Lingar, 726 S.W.2d 728, 734 (Mo.banc), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 206 , 98 L.Ed.2d 157 (1987).
cited Cited "see" State v. Williams
La. Ct. App. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Perry, 502 So.2d 543, 559 (La. 1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 205 , 98 L.Ed.2d 156 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" State v. Salazar (2×)
Ariz. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. LaGrand, 153 Ariz. 21, 30 , 734 P.2d 563, 572 (“It is well established that no lesser included offense to felony murder exists because the mens rea necessary to satisfy the premeditation element of first degree murder is supplied by the specific intent required for the felony.”), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 207 , 98 L.Ed.2d 158 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Harris v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Thompson v. State, 503 So.2d 871, 880-881 (Ala.Cr.App.1986), affirmed, 503 So.2d 887 (Ala.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 204 , 98 L.Ed.2d 155 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Henderson v. State
Tex. App. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Harris v. State, 738 S.W.2d 207, 220 (Tex.Crim.App.1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 207 , 98 L.Ed.2d 158 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Charles Jess Palmer v. Harold Clarke, Warden of Nebraska State Penitentiary
8th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. Palmer, 224 Neb. 282 , 399 N.W.2d 706, 714-15 (1986) (Palmer III), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 206 , 98 L.Ed.2d 157 (1987).
cited Cited "see" Shaver v. State
Ark. Ct. App. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Snell v. State, 290 Ark. 503 , 721 S.W.2d 628 (1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Emile Pierre Duhamel v. James A. Collins, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division
5th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rector v. State, 738 S.W.2d 235, 242 (Tex.Ct.App.1986), cer t. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 202 , 98 L.Ed.2d 153 (1987) (court found that offense itself was compelling evidence that appellant acted deliberately in case where defendant abducted victim, isolated her from potential rescue, stripped her of her clothing and possibly sexually assaulted her before shooting her in the head).
cited Cited "see" Michael R. Hogan v. State of Iowa
8th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Hogan v. State, 103 Nev. 21 , 732 P.2d 422 , cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 201 , 98 L.Ed.2d 153 (1987).
examined Cited "see" Marvin Edwin Johnson v. Harry K. Singletary, Jr., Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections (4×)
11th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Johnson v. Wainwright (Johnson I), 806 F.2d 1479 , 1481 n. 5 (11th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 205 , 98 L.Ed.2d 157 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" State v. White (2×)
Ariz. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See State v. LaGrand, 152 Ariz. 483, 490 , 733 P.2d 1066, 1073 (true proportionality review does not require an examination of particular types of cases), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 206 , 98 L.Ed.2d 157 (1987). “[T]he court excludes from the pool of potentially similar cases to be considered for comparative purposes any first-degree murder case in which the defendant originally received only a life sentence.” Pulaski, Capital Sentencing in Arizona: A Critical Evaluation, 1984 Ariz.St.L.J. 1, 51; see, e.g., Amaya-Ruiz, 166 Ariz. at 179 , 800 P.2d at 1287 (citing no first-degree …
cited Cited "see" Haney v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Thompson v. State, 503 So.2d 871 (Ala.Cr.App.1986), aff'd, 503 So.2d 887 (Ala.1987), cert, denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 204 , 98 L.Ed.2d 155 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Randall v. State
Tex. App. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Rector v. State, 738 S.W.2d 235, 247 (Tex.Crim.App.1986), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 872 , 108 S.Ct. 202 , 98 L.Ed.2d 153 (1987); Barber v. State, 737 S.W.2d 824, 830 (Tex.Crim.App.1987), cert. denied, 489 U.S. 1091 , 109 S.Ct. 1559 , 103 L.Ed.2d 861 (1988).
cited Cited "see" Thompson v. State
Ala. Crim. App. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See, Thompson v. State , 503 So.2d 871 (Ala.Cr.App. 1986), aff'd , 503 So.2d 887 (Ala.), cert. denied [ 484 U.S. 872 ], 108 S.Ct. 204 [ 98 L.Ed.2d 155 ] (1987).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Marquez
v.
Texas Johnson v. Dugger, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Hogan v. Nevada Snell v. Arkansas Allen v. California Rector v. Texas South v. South Carolina Cantu v. Texas Jefferson v. Georgia Howard v. Nevada Byrd v. Missouri Thompson v. Alabama Bobo v. Tennessee Austin v. Tennessee Granviel v. Texas Sparks v. Tennessee Perry v. Louisiana Johnson v. Dugger, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections LaGrand v. Arizona Palmer v. Nebraska Lingar v. Missouri May v. Texas Harris v. Texas LaGrand v. Arizona Gray v. Virginia Pope v. Georgia Davis v. Dugger, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Hill v. Arkansas Christiansen v. Illinois Bush v. Florida Workman v. Tennessee Demps v. Dugger, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Bolender v. Florida McNish v. Tennessee Guinan v. Missouri Felde v. Butler, Warden Titone v. Illinois Banks v. Pennsylvania Brown v. Kemp, Superintendent, Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Center Williams v. Dugger, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections Bates v. Florida Silagy v. Illinois Moore v. Oklahoma
No. 86-6765; No. 86-6845; No. 86-6855; No. 86-6865; No. 86-6878; No. 86-6880; No. 86-6887; No. 86-6904; No. 86-6933; No. 86-6937; No. 86-6941; No. 86-6953; No. 86-6978; No. 86-6983; No. 86-6989; No. 86-7005; No. 86-7015; No. 86-7022; No. 86-7040; No. 86-7061; No. 86-7074; No. 86-7082; No. 86-7103; No. 86-7112; No. 86-7114; No. 86-7129; No. 87-5011; No. 87-5025; No. 87-5029; No. 87-5033; No. 87-5040; No. 87-5042; No. 87-5089; No. 87-5098; No. 87-5100; No. 87-5117; No. 87-5139; No. 87-5152; No. 87-5192; No. 87-5203; No. 87-5215; No. 87-5258; No. 87-5268.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 5, 1987.
484 U.S. 872

Lead Opinion

Ct. Crim. App. Tex.;

C. A. 11th Cir.;

Sup. Ct. Nev.;

Sup. Ct. Ark.;

Sup. Ct. Cal.;

Ct. Crim. App. Tex.;

Ct. Common Pleas of Lexington County, S. C-;

Ct. Crim. App. Tex.;

Sup. Ct. Ga.;

Sup. Ct. Nev.;

Ct. App. Mo., Eastern Dist.;

Sup. Ct. Ala.;

Sup. Ct. Tenn.;

Ct. Crim. App. Tenn.;

Ct. Crim. App. Tex.;

Sup. Ct. Tenn.;

Sup. Ct. La.;

C. A. 11th Cir.;

Sup. Ct. Ariz.;

Sup. Ct. Neb.;

Sup. Ct. Mo.;

Ct. Crim. App. Tex.;

Ct. Crim. App. Tex.;

Sup. Ct. Ariz.;

[*873] No. 86-7114. No. 86-7129. No. 87-5011. No. 87-5025. No. 87-5029. No. 87-5033. No. 87-5040. No. 87-5042. No. 87-5089. No. 87-5098. No. 87-5100. No. 87-5117. No. 87-5139. No. 87-5152. No. 87-5192. No. 87-5203. No. 87-5215. No. 87-5258. No. 87-5268.

Sup. Ct. Va.;

Sup. Ct. Ga.;

Sup. Ct. Fla.;

Sup. Ct. Ark.;

Sup. Ct. 111.;

Sup. Ct. Fla.;

Ct. Crim. App. Tenn.;

C. A. 11th Cir.;

Sup. Ct. Fla.;

Sup. Ct. Tenn.;

Ct. App. Mo., Eastern Dist.;

C. A. 5th Cir.;

Sup. Ct. 111.;

Sup. Ct. Pa.;

Super. Ct. Ga., Butts County;

Sup. Ct. Fla.;

Sup. Ct. Fla.;

Sup. Ct. 111.; and

Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.

Dissent

Justice Brennan and Justice Marshall,

dissenting.

Adhering to our views that the death penalty is in all circumstances cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U. S. 153, 227, 231 (1976), we would grant certiorari and vacate the death sentences in these cases.