William J. Beer v. Comm'r of Internal Revenue, 733 F.2d 435 (6th Cir. 1984). · Go Syfert
William J. Beer v. Comm'r of Internal Revenue, 733 F.2d 435 (6th Cir. 1984). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
41 citation events (15 in the last 25 years) across 8 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: George P. Manzolillo & Lucy P. Manzolillo (tax, 2022-10-24)
Treatment trajectory · 1984 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1984 2005 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 17 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (rule) George P. Manzolillo & Lucy P. Manzolillo
Tax Ct. · 2022 · confidence medium
“It is well settled that the granting of a refund does not preclude the Commissioner from issuing a notice of deficiency merely because he accepted a taxpayer’s return and issued a refund.” Id. at *5 (first citing Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435, 437 (6th Cir. 1984), aff’g T.C.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Gary E. Krantz v. Commissioner
Tax Ct. · 2018 · confidence medium
Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435, 437 (6th Cir. 1984), aff’g T.C.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ruben A. Villa-Ignacio & Zenaida A. Villa-Ignacio v. Commissioner
Tax Ct. · 2014 · confidence medium
See Gordon v. United States, 757 F.2d 1157, 1160 (11th Cir. 1985); Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435, 437 (6th Cir. 1984), aff’g T.C.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Ruben A. Villa-Ignacio & Zenaida A. Villa-Ignacio v. Commissioner
Tax Ct. · 2014 · confidence medium
See Gordon v. United States, 757 F.2d 1157, 1160 (11th Cir. 1985); Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435, 437 (6th Cir. 1984), aff’g T.C.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Greer v. Commissioner (2×)
6th Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
In Beer v. C.I.R., we ruled that erroneous rebate refunds — refunds issued because the IRS mistakenly calculates that the taxpayer overpaid his or her tax liability- — can be recovered through a supplemental assessment of deficiency. 733 F.2d 435, 436-37 (6th Cir.1984) (per curiam); see also Singleton v. United States, 128 F.3d 833, 838-39 (4th Cir.1997); Brookhurst, Inc. v. United States, 931 F.2d 554 , 557 (9th Cir.1991); Stanley v. United States, 140 F.3d 1023, 1027 (Fed.Cir.1998) (dicta); Bilzerian v. United States, 86 F.3d 1067, 1069 (11th Cir.1996) (per curiam) (dicta); Clark v. Unit…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Daniel Greer v. Comm'r of Internal Revenue
6th Cir. · 2009 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
Cf. Beer, 733 F.2d at 436 (holding that refunds issued based on a claimed exemption that was later disallowed are erroneous).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. MacPhail
6th Cir. · 2005 · confidence medium
United States v. Guy, 978 F.2d 934, 937 (6th Cir.1992) (“ ‘[T]hose who deal with the government are expected to know the law and may not rely on the conduct of government agents contrary to the law.’ ”) (quoting Heckler v. Community Health Servs., 467 U.S. 51, 63 , 104 S.Ct. 2218 , 81 L.Ed.2d 42 (1984)); Beer v. Comm’r of Internal Revenue, 733 F.2d 435, 437 (6th Cir.1984) (“The administrative refunds ... did not amount to a final determination of the tax that might ultimately be due; they were *455 subject to final audit and adjustments.”); Comm’r of Internal Revenue v. Mooneyh…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Miles Production Company v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
5th Cir. · 1993 · confidence medium
The analysis of the Brown court is consistent with the Sixth Circuit’s decision in Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435, 436 (6th Cir.1984) cert. denied, 469 U.S. 857 , 105 S.Ct. 185 , 83 L.Ed.2d 119 (1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Miles Production Co. v. C.I.R.
5th Cir. · 1993 · confidence medium
However, because Miles and the IRS entered int o a stipulated judgment after the tax court issued its order, Miles cannot appeal any issue aside from the tax court's 4 The analysis of the Brown court is consistent with the Sixth Circuit's decision in Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435, 436 (6th Cir.1984) cert. denied, 469 U.S. 857 , 105 S.Ct. 185 , 83 L.Ed.2d 119 (1984).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Paul Ziah Dallo v. Immigration and Naturalization Service
6th Cir. · 1985 · confidence medium
See Martin v. Commissioner, 756 F.2d 38, 40-41 (6th Cir.1985); Jaloy Manufacturing Co. v. United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co., 736 F.2d 1131, 1134 (6th Cir.1984); Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435, 437 (6th Cir.) (per curiam), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 185 , 83 L.Ed.2d 119 (1984); TIF Instruments v. Colette, 713 F.2d 197 , 201 (6th Cir.1983); Muigai v. INS, 682 F.2d 334, 337 (2d Cir.1982); Acevedo v. INS, 538 F.2d 918 ,. 920-21 (2d Cir. 1976) (per curiam); 28 U.S.C. § 1912 ; Fed.R.App.P. 20, 38.
discussed Cited "see" Brookhurst, Inc. ex rel. Merger with Commercial Uniform Co. v. United States
9th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 857 , 105 S.Ct. 185 , 83 L.Ed.2d 119 (1984); Ideal Realty Co. v. United States, 561 F.2d 1123 (4th Cir.1977); Warner v. Commissioner, 526 F.2d 1, 2 (9th Cir.1975); C & R Investments, Inc. v. United States, 444 F.2d 765 (10th Cir.1971).
discussed Cited "see" Brookhurst, Inc., as Successor by Merger With Commercial Uniform Company v. United States of America, Brookhurst, Inc., as Successor by Merger With Commercial Uniform Company v. United States
9th Cir. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 857 , 105 S.Ct. 185 , 83 L.Ed.2d 119 (1984); Ideal Realty Co. v. United States, 561 F.2d 1123 (4th Cir.1977); Warner v. Commissioner, 526 F.2d 1, 2 (9th Cir.1975); C & R Investments, Inc. v. United States, 444 F.2d 765 (10th Cir.1971).
cited Cited "see" Robert J. Schehl v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Service
6th Cir. · 1988 · signal: see · confidence high
See Martin v. Commissioner, 756 F.2d 38 (6th Cir.1985), and Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 857 , 105 S.Ct. 185 , 83 L.Ed.2d 119 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" Donald Joseph Scholz, Gerhild Scholz v. United States of America, Internal Revenue Service
6th Cir. · 1985 · signal: accord · confidence high
Ideal Realty Co. v. United States, 561 F.2d 1123 (4th Cir.1977) (per curiam); Warner v. Commissioner, 526 F.2d 1 (9th Cir.1975); accord Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 105 S.Ct. 185 , 83 L.Ed.2d 119 (1984). *711 The basis of the district court’s decision granting a discharge in bankruptcy to the Scholzes and defeating the claim for the erroneously paid tax refund is section 17(a) of the Bankruptcy Act, 11 U.S.C. § 35 (a), which provides in relevant part: (a) A discharge in bankruptcy shall release a bankrupt from all of his provable debts, whether all…
cited Cited "see, e.g." Theodore N. Hill v. Internal Revenue Service
6th Cir. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 857 (1984) (per curiam); Tickel v. United States, No. 86-5165 (6th Cir. March 24, 1987) (unpublished order).
cited Cited "see, e.g." William E. Tickel, Jr. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
6th Cir. · 1986 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 105 S.Ct. 185 (1984). 7 Accordingly, it is ORDERED that the final judgment of the district court is affirmed.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Sade v. President of U.S.
6th Cir. · 1986 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Beer v. Commissioner, 733 F.2d 435 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 105 S.Ct. 185 (1984).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
William J. BEER, Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent-Appellee
83-1386.
Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
Jun 12, 1984.
733 F.2d 435
Robert W. Gagniuk (argued), Pontiac, Mich., for petitioner-appellant., Kenneth W. Gideon, Chief Counsel, I.R.S., Washington, D.C., Glenn L. Archer, Jr., Michael Paup, David English Carmack (argued), Tax Div., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., for respondent-appellee.
Contie, Wellford, Peck.
Cited by 39 opinions  |  Published
Pinpoint authority: bottom 55%
PER CURIAM.

Petitioner, William John Beer, appeals from the decision of the Tax Court granting the summary judgment motion of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue (Commissioner) and sustaining the Commissioner’s determination that petitioner was liable for income tax deficiencies totalling $30,-622.52 for the years 1972-1975.

Petitioner, a lawyer and a judge of the Michigan Circuit Court, filed federal income tax returns for the tax years 1972-1975. In each of these returns he set forth the income he received as a state court judge but claimed that this income was exempt from federal taxation under the United States Constitution. He therefore claimed the amounts withheld from his salary as a refund. The Internal Revenue Service refunded the amounts withheld routinely on the basis of the refund request on the face of the returns.

Petitioner, at the time of filing these returns, was engaged in litigating his tax liabilities for the tax years 1969-1971 under a similar claim of constitutional immunity from taxation. This claim proved unsuccessful. See Beer v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 64 T.C. 879 (1975), aff’d without published opinion, 77-2 U.S.T.C. at ¶ 9491 (6th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 431 U.S. 938, 97 S.Ct. 2650, 53 L.Ed.2d 255 (1977).

During the pendency of this earlier case, the Commissioner, through a series of agreements, allowed petitioner an extension of time for the issuance of a deficiency notice in connection with the tax years involved in the instant case. The last such agreement expired on December 30, 1980; by that time, however, the Commissioner had issued a deficiency notice to petitioner, and petitioner had instituted this action.

The Tax Court again rejected the petitioner’s contention, unsupported by any substantial authority, that his judicial salary was constitutionally exempt from taxation. It also rejected petitioner’s contention that the Commissioner had failed to seek the proper remedy for recovery of the taxes at issue, and petitioner’s argument that the refund of the withheld taxes es-topped the Commissioner from seeking recovery of the taxes.

On appeal, petitioner contends that I.R.C. § 7405(b) providing that the United States may recover in a civil action any portion of a tax that has been “erroneously refunded” is the Commissioner’s sole remedy, which is time barred because the Commissioner failed to bring such a suit within two years after its refund to petitioner, as required under I.R.C. § 6532(b). We find that the Tax Court correctly held that the Commissioner had the option of proceeding against petitioner under section 7405 or under the deficiency procedures set forth in sections 6211 through 6216 of the Internal Revenue Code. See, e.g., Warner v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 526 F.2d 1 (9th Cir.1975); United States v. C & R Investments, Inc., 404 F.2d 314 (10th Cir.1968); Pesch v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 78 T.C. 100 (1982). Accordingly, since the tax in dispute between the parties is within the definition of “deficiency,” see I.R.C. § 6211, the Commission[*437] er’s election to utilize the deficiency procedures against petitioner was proper. Furthermore, the Commissioner’s notice of deficiency to petitioner issued pursuant to I.R.C. § 6501(c)(4) providing for extension by agreement of the three-year statute of limitations generally applicable under the deficiency procedures, see I.R.C. § 6501(a), was timely. The Commissioner issued its notice of deficiency to petitioner on July 25, 1980, well before the December 30, 1980, expiration date of the last extension agreement between petitioner and Commissioner. Petitioner’s argument that his extension agreements were coerced, or made without consideration, particularly in his position as a judge, are simply unfounded.

We also find that the Tax Court correctly held that the refund of the withheld taxes by the Internal Revenue Service did not estop the Commissioner from collecting the deficiency from petitioner. The refunds at issue resulted from a mistake of law in regard to petitioner’s claim of constitutional immunity from taxation. The administrative refunds effected did not amount to a final determination of the tax that might ultimately be due; they were subject to final audit and adjustments. Clark v. Commissioner, 158 F.2d 851 (6th Cir.1946); Rountree v. Commissioner, 456 F.2d 1110 (6th Cir.1972). “The doctrine of equitable estoppel is not a bar to the correction by the Commissioner of a mistake of law.” Automobile Club v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 353 U.S. 180, 183, 77 S.Ct. 707, 709, 1 L.Ed.2d 746 (1954). See also Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Mooneyhan, 404 F.2d 522, 528 (6th Cir.1968), cert. denied, 394 U.S. 1001, 89 S.Ct. 1593, 22 L.Ed.2d 778 (1969) (“The doctrine of equitable estoppel ... cannot prevent the Commissioner from correcting a mistake of law no matter where respondent was led.”).

That the refunds resulted from a mistake of law is clear. It has been settled since 1939 that there is no constitutional prohibition against imposing federal income tax on the salaries of state officials. See Graves v. New York, 306 U.S. 466, 59 S.Ct. 595, 83 L.Ed. 927 (1939). On this appeal, petitioner persists in arguing that his salary as a state judge is exempt from federal income tax, despite the sound rejection of a similar claim made by him in Beer v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, supra, and by the Tax Court in the proceedings below. While we cannot conclude that the Tax Court erred by not assessing sanctions under I.R.C. § 6673 [1] we find that assessment of double costs against petitioner is appropriate in this case.

Accordingly, we affirm the decision of the Tax Court on all issues raised by petitioner, and we assess double costs against the petitioner. 28 U.S.C. § 1912.

1

. This section provides:

Whenever it appears to the Tax Court that proceedings before it have been instituted by the taxpayer merely for delay, damages in an amount not in excess of $500.00 shall be awarded to the United States by the Tax Court in its decision. Damages so awarded shall be assessed at the same time as the deficiency and shall be paid upon notice and demand from the Secretary and shall be collected as a part of the tax.

This section was amended by section 292(b), Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, Pub.L. No. 97-248, 96 Stat. 324, 574, to provide for damages up to $5,000.00 for those suits commenced in Tax Court after December 31, 1982. The amendment does not affect the instant action since it was commenced in 1980.