Cluster 238449

In Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 229 F.2d 499, 501-02 (2d Cir.1956), for example, the Second Circuit implied a cause of action in favor of individuals who were refused access to an airline because of their race. 6 As to the section in force at that time which was analogous to 49 app.

Compare Chumney v. Nixon, 615 F.2d 389 , 395 (6th Cir.1980) (Federal Aviation Act creates private right of action against airline for failing to prevent assault by passenger); Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499, 501-02 (2d Cir. 1956) (Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 creates implied right of action for racial discrimination by common air carrier), and Laughlin v. Riddle Aviation Co., 205 F.2d 948, 949 (5th Cir. 1953) (C.A.A. creates right of action by …

Compare Chumney v. Nixon, 615 F.2d 389, 395 (6th Cir.1980) (Federal Aviation Act creates private right of action against airline for failing to prevent assault by passenger); Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499, 501-02 (2d Cir.1956) (Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 creates implied right of action for racial discrimination by common air carrier), and Laughlin v. Riddle Aviation Co., 205 F.2d 948, 949 (5th Cir.1953) (C.A.A. creates right of action by pil…

No federal common law of torts exists; when Congress enacts legislation rendering it tortious to do what is already a state common-law tort, a suit based on that legislation is within 28 U.S.C. § 1881 . 229 F.2d at 502 (Emphasis added) Fitzgerald, supra, involved discriminatory boarding by the defendant airline based on the race of the famous singer Ella Fitzgerald, and without question, the statute was originally intended to combat that form of discrimination, a remedy whic…

Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499, 501 (2d Cir. 1956); See also Lichten v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., 189 F.2d 939, 941 (2d Cir. 1951).

Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499, 501 (2d Cir. 1956); see also Lichten v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., 189 F.2d 939, 941 (2d Cir. 1951).

It has been established that Section 404(b) was enacted to benefit “persons, including passengers, using the facilities of air carriers.” Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 229 F.2d 499, 501 (2d Cir. 1956); see also Nader v. Allegheny Airlines, Inc. 445 F.Supp. 168, 172 (D.D.C.1978).

It invokes federal question jurisdiction by urging us to create a “federal common law tort.” Despite our statement to the contrary over twenty years ago, Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499, 502 (2d Cir. 1956), it is now clear that, in appropriate eases, the federal courts may recognize or create common law torts, see, e. g., Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents, 403 U.S. 388 , 91 S.Ct. 1999 , 29 L.Ed.2d 619 (1971); Ivy Broadcasting Co. v. American Tel…

See, e. g., Nader v. Allegheny Airlines, Inc., 167 U.S.App.D.C. 350 , 512 F.2d 527, 537 (1975), rev’d on other grounds, - U.S. -, 96 S.Ct. 1978 , 48 L.Ed.2d 643 (1976); Archibald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 460 F.2d 14, 16 (9 Cir. 1972); Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499, 501-02 (2 Cir. 1956).

It is by no means clear that, in all states and territories, the common-law rules would render unlawful racial differentiations in accord with the ‘separate but equal doctrine,’ whereas, in the light of recent Supreme Court decisions, we must construe Section 484(b) so that that doctrine will not apply.” Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499, 502 (2d Cir. 1956) (footnotes omitted).

This Court has jurisdiction over the subject matter ( 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 , 1332, 1337), Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 229 F.2d 499, 502 (2nd Cir. 1956); moreover, the amount in controversy, exclusive of interest and costs, exceeds $10,000.00.

And in support they cite Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499, 502 (2 Cir. 1956), 11 where the Court observed : “As such an order [by the CAB] must look to the future, obviously it cannot afford redress to one harmed by a violation of Section [404(b)].” The Court, therefore, permitted the action in Fitzgerald to lie without reference to the CAB because: “(1) The Civil Aeronautics Act, unlike the Interstate Commerce Act, 12 or the Shipping Act, 13 conf…

Co. v. Rigsby, 241 U.S. 33, 39 , 36 S.Ct. 482 , 60 L.Ed. 874 (1916); Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 229 F.2d 499, 501 (2d Cir. 1956); Kardon v. National Gypsum Co., 69 F.Supp. 512, 513 (E.D.Pa.1946). 11 . 33 U.S.C.A. §§ 401 , 406. 12 . 33 U.S.C.A. § 404 . 13 . 33 U.S.C.A. §§ 403 , 409, 414-415. 14 . 33 U.S.C.A. § 407 . 15 . 33 U.S.C.A. § 408 . 16 . 33 U.S.C.A. §§ 411-413 . 17 .

The case seems to be one where it becomes necessary for the district court to assume jurisdiction to determine whether the federal right has been in effect invaded, cf. Bell v. Hood, 1946, 327 U.S. 678 , 66 S.Ct. 773 , 90 L.Ed. 939 ." The Roosevelt Field case has been cited with approval in Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 2 Cir., 1956, 229 F.2d 499, 502, note 3 ; Laughlin v. Riddle Aviation Co., 5 Cir., 1953, 205 F.2d 948, 949 .

See id. at 501 .

See id. at 501 .

See Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 229 F.2d 499, 502 (2d Cir. 1956); Wills v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 200 F.Supp. 360, 364 (S.D.Cal.1961).

See Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 229 F.2d 499, 502 (2d Cir. 1956); Wills v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 200 F.Supp. 360, 364 (S.D.Cal.1961).

See Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499, 502 (2d Cir. 1956).

See Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 229 F.2d 499 (2nd Cir. 1956).

See Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 2d Cir. 1956, 229 F.2d 499 ; Town of East Haven v. Eastern Airlines, D.Conn.1968, 282 F.Supp. 507, 513 ; cf. Murphy v. Colonial Federal Savings & Loan Assn., 2d Cir. 1967, 388 F.2d 609, 614-615 ; Bloomfield Steamship Co. v. Sabine Pilots Assn., 5th Cir. 1959, 262 F.2d 345, 346-347 ; Adams v. International Brotherhood, etc., 10th Cir. 1958, 262 F.2d 835 , 839.

See, Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 229 F.2d 499 *684 (2d Cir. 1956) (national uniformity-sought, no adequate administrative redress within the statute); Town of East Haven v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., 282 F.Supp. 507 (D.Conn.1968) (lack of administrative remedy); Wills v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 200 F.Supp. 360 (D.Cal.1961) (inadequate state remedy and administrative relief, compelling national interest).

See, e.g., Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499 (2d Cir. 1956); Karp v. North Central Air Lines, Inc., 583 F.2d 364 (7th Cir.1978); Archibald v. Pan American World Airways, *1236 Inc., 460 F.2d 14 (9th Cir.1972); Mahaney v. Air France, 474 F.Supp. 532 (S.D.N.Y. 1979).

See, e. g., Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499 (2d Cir. 1956).

See, e. g., Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499 (2d Cir. 1956).

See, e. g., Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499 (2d Cir. 1956); Wills v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 200 F.Supp. 360 (S.D.Cal.1961).

See, e. g., Rosdail v. Western Aviation, Inc., 297 F.Supp. 681, 683-87 (D.Colo.1969); Yelinek v. Worley, 284 F.Supp. 679, 681 (E.D.Va.1968); Moungey v. Brandt, 250 F.Supp. 445, 451-53 (W.D.Wis.1966) (violation of Federal Aviation Act safety regulations); see also William Becker Travel Bureau, Inc. v. Sabena Belgian World Airways, supra (not allowing injunctive relief to private litigant in 404(b) case). 22 The Supreme Court has recently enunciated four factors which must be …

See, e.g., Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 229 F.2d 499 (2d Cir. 1956); Wills v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 200 F.Supp. 360 (S.D.Cal.1961).

See, e. g., Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 229 F.2d 499, 501 (2d Cir. 1956) ( 49 U.S.C. § 484 (b), discrimination by airlines); Reitmeister v. Reitmeister, 162 F.2d 691, 694 (2d Cir. 1947) ( 47 U.S.C. § 605 , “publishing” a telephone message); see generally L.

See e. g., Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 2 Cir., 1956, 229 F.2d 499 ; Mortimer v. Delta Airlines, N.D.Ill., 1969, 302 F.Supp. 276 [July 24, 1969], 28 .

Because of that lack, obviously a civil action on the company’s behalf to compel such repayment adds a most effective sanction; we stressed a similar factor when, implying a civil right, we sustained a civil action in Goldstein v. Groesbeck, 2 Cir., 142 F.2d 422, 427 ; See also Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., supra. I find it difficult to comprehend why Judge LUMBARD assumes that Congress did not have in mind the fact that violations would harm the company as…