Cluster 471885
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· 541 citation events
across 48 courts.
Showing the 50 strongest citers on record
(one row per citing case, strongest signal kept).
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Ingevity Corporation v. Basf Corporation (2026)
Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
“It is hornbook law that direct evidence of a fact is not necessary.”
See also Power Integrations, 843 F.3d at 1335 (“Indeed, we have affirmed induced infringement verdicts based on circumstantial evidence of inducement (e.g., advertisements, user manuals) directed to a class of direct infringers (e. g., customers, end users) without requiring hard proof that any individual third-party direct infringer was actually persuaded to infringe by that material.”); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
“Circumstantial evidence is not only sufficient, but may also be more certain, satisfying and persuasive than direct evidence”
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France Telecom S.A. v. Marvell Semiconductor Inc. (2015)
Likewise, in Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., the court found that third parties’ direct infringement was proven by circumstantial evidence, but the plaintiffs claims against the defendant, CBS, was for indirect infringement, i.e., inducing infringement by the third parties, its customers. 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir. 1986) (“Method claims 3-5 can be infringed only by a puzzle user.
“Method claims 3-5 can be infringed only by a puzzle user. Thus, Moleeulon’s claim is one for inducing infringement under 35 U.S.C. § 271 (b).”
To the extent that the appellants’ argument as to Larry Ludy is based on the lack of an explicit confidentiality agreement between the cousins, “[w]e have never required a formal confidentiality agreement to show non-public use.” Dey, 715 F.3d at 1357 ; see also Moleculon, 793 F.2d at 1266 (“[T]he presence or absence of [an express confidentiality] agreement is not determinative of the public use issue.”).
“[T]he presence or absence of [an express confidentiality] agreement is not determinative of the public use issue.”
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Buergofol GmbH v. Omega Liner Company, Inc. (2026)
Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261 , 1272 n.8 (Fed.
“ ‘Comprising’ is not used here as a transitional phrase and has no special legal effect as such. Hence, it should not be interpreted according to the normal rules of claim interpretation.”
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Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft v. Sirius Xm Radio Inc. (2025)
Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
“It is hornbook law that direct evidence of a fact is not necessary. ‘Circumstan- tial evidence is not only sufficient, but may also be more certain, satisfying and persuasive than direct evidence.’” (quoting Michalic v. Cleveland Tankers, Inc., 364 U.S. 325, 330 (1960))
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Lear Corporation v. NHK Seating of America Inc (2022)
Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1267 (Fed.
stating that “an assignment or sale of the rights in the invention and potential patent rights is not a sale of ‘the invention’ within the meaning of section 102(b).” (emphasis added)
Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
causation evidence included “dissemination of an in- struction sheet teaching” the infringing method
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Amgen Inc. v. Sanofi (2021)
Cir. 1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 856 (1991) (cit- ing Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1268 (Fed.
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Ironburg Inventions Ltd. v. Valve Corporation (2021)
Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1270 (Fed.
“We have never required a party to proffer expert testimony . . . on application of 11 claim language to accused devices.” (emphasis in original)
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Cones v. Wilkie (2020)
Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
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Basf Corporation v. Snf Holding Company (2020)
Cir. 2004) (citing Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1266 (Fed.
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INDIVIOR INC. v. ALVOGEN PINE BROOK, INC. (2019)
Cir. 1998) acknowledges that “a transitional term such as ‘comprising’. . . does not exclude additional unrecited elements, or steps (in the case of a method claim).” Jd. 1379-80 (quoting Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1271 (Fed.
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INDIVIOR INC. v. DR. REDDY'S LABORATORIES S.A. (2019)
Cir. 1998) acknowledges that “a transitional term such as ‘comprising’. . . does not exclude additional unrecited elements, or steps (in the case of a method claim).” Jd. 1379-80 (quoting Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1271 (Fed.
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Motiva Patents, LLC v. Sony Corporation (2019)
Cir. 2006) (“instruction sheets” provided by the defendant); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
same
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Applied Capital, Inc v. The ADT Corporation (2019)
Cir. 1997); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1271 (Fed.
noting that “comprising” opens a method claim to the inclusion of additional steps, but does not affect the scope of the structure recited within the steps
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Bam Bags, LLC v. Zip-It Ltd. (2019)
Cir. 2008) (citing to Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1265 (Fed.
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SiOnyx, LLC v. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (2018)
A patentee may prove . . . intent through circumstantial evidence . . . .” (quoting Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
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Card-Monroe Corp. v. Tuftco Corp. (2017)
Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
upholding a trial court’s finding of fact after a bench trial law that patentee had met its burden of showing § 271(b) infringement with circumstantial evidence of extensive product sales and distributed instructions teaching the method
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Tinnus Enterprises, LLC v. Telebrands Corporation (2017)
It is hornbook law that direct evidence of a fact is not necessary.” Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
Cir. 1999); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1271 (Fed.
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SRI International, Inc. v. Cisco Systems, Inc. (2016)
“Direct infringement can be proven by circumstantial evidence.” Vita-Mix Corp. v. Basic Holding, Inc., 581 F.3d 1317, 1326 (Fed.Cir.2009) (citing Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986)).
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Intendis GmbH v. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (2015)
Defendants argue that Dr. Weiner's testimony should be rejected because he did not personally test the relevant excipients, but Dr. Weiner is not obligated to perform such tests where the law provides that "[d]irect infringement can be proven by circumstantial evidence.” Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986). .
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Nalco Co. v. Turner Designs, Inc. (2014)
Feb. 3, 2014) (“[A] finding of infringement can rest on as little as one instance of the claimed method being performed during the pertinent time period.”) (quoting Lucent, 580 F.3d at 1317 ); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986) (“[i]t is hornbook law that direct evidence of a fact is not necessary” to meet a party’s burden of proof on an issue of fact).
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LendingTree, LLC v. Zillow, Inc. (2014)
Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986).
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Cephalon, Inc. v. Celgene Corp. (2013)
The term “comprising” as used in patent law is an open-ended transitional term, and as utilized in the '493 patent, appears intended to accommodate additional unspecified components of the claimed “pharmaceutical composition.” See Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1271 (Fed.Cir.1986) (the term “comprising” means “all of the preceding and more”).
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Lee v. Mike's Novelties, Inc. (2013)
Sci. & Eng’g, Inc., 200 F.3d 795, 811 (Fed.Cir.1999) (citing Stiftung v. Renishaw PLC, 945 F.2d 1173, 1178 (Fed.Cir.1991); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1271 (Fed.Cir.1986)).
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Netgear, Inc. v. Ruckus Wireless, Inc. (2013)
There is no requirement that direct evidence be introduced.” Liquid Dynamics Corp. v. Vaughan Co., 449 F.3d 1209, 1219 (Fed.Cir.2006) (citing Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986) (abrogated on other grounds)).
On the other hand, in Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1265-67 (Fed.Cir.1986), we upheld a patent even though the inventor had showed prototypes of the invention, a three-dimensional puzzle, to several friends and his employer over the course of five years. 793 F.2d at 1263 .
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Butamax™ Advanced Biofuels LLC v. Gevo, Inc. (2013)
There is no requirement that direct evidence be introduced.” Liquid Dynamics Corp. v. Vaughan Co., 449 F.3d 1209, 1219 (Fed.Cir.2006) (citing Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986) (abrogated on other grounds)).
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Frolow v. Wilson Sporting Goods Co. (2013)
Cir. 2006) (citing Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
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Medisim Ltd. v. Bestmed LLC (2012)
Int'l Inc., 522 F.3d 1279, 1293 (Fed.Cir.2008) (citing Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986)).
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Mirror Worlds, LLC v. Apple Inc. (2012)
Cir.2009); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986).
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Toshiba Corp. v. Imation Corp. (2012)
“Direct infringement can be proven by circumstantial evidence.” Vita-Mix, 581 F.3d at 1326 (citing Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986)); see also Alco Standard Corp. v. Tenn. Valley Auth., 808 F.2d 1490 , 1503 (Fed.Cir.1986) (“Although the evidence of infringement is circumstantial, that does not make it any less credible or persuasive.”).
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BASF Corp. v. Aristo, Inc. (2012)
Similarly, an inventor can’t avoid infringement where the method “employs additional steps.” Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1271 (Fed.Cir.1986).
Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
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ArcelorMittal France v. AK Steel Corp. (2010)
See, gen., Jeneric/Pentron, Inc. v. Dillon Co., Inc., 205 F.3d 1377, 1382-83 (Fed.Cir.2000) (rejecting patentee’s efforts to expand a claimed range of 0-1% cerium oxide to encompass 1.61% cerium oxide in accused product by arguing that 1.61% was composed of two sub-percentages of cerium oxide accomplishing different functions); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1271 (Fed.Cir.1986) (finding that using “comprising” to expand claim to a 2 x 2 x 2 puzzle to c…
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Optium Corp. v. Emcore Corp. (2010)
See, e.g., Molins PLC v. Textron, Inc., 48 F.3d 1172, 1181 (Fed.Cir.1995); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986).
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Vita-Mix Corp. v. Basic Holding, Inc. (2009)
Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir. 1986).
While it is true that circumstantial evidence may be used to demonstrate direct infringement, Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986), the evidence must still indicate that infringement actually occurred.
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Cordis Corp. v. Boston Scientific Corp. (2009)
In the public use context of § 102(b), we have similarly noted that a lack of an express promise of confidentiality is not determinative of public use, but is instead “one factor to be considered in assessing all the evidence.” Bernhardt, L.L.C. v. Collezione Europa USA, Inc., 386 F.3d 1371, 1379 (Fed.Cir.2004) (quoting Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1266 (Fed.Cir.1986)), abrogated on other grounds by Egyptian Goddess, Inc. v. Swisa, Inc., 543 F.3d 665…
Blue Sky also argues that the product manuals and other circumstantial evidence, without more, are insufficient to prove infringement as a matter of law under Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986).
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Lucent Technologies, Inc. v. Gateway, Inc. (2008)
Liquid Dynamics Corp. v. Vaughan Co., 449 F.3d 1209, 1219 (Fed.Cir.2006) (citing Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986)).
Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1266 (Fed.Cir.1986) (holding that the inventor of Rubik’s Cube did not publicly use his invention because he controlled the use at all times).
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Markem v. Zipher, Ltd. (2008)
CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1270 (Fed.
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Silicon Graphics, Inc. v. ATI Technologies, Inc. (2008)
Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1271 (Fed.Cir.1986).
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General Electric Co. v. Sonosite, Inc. (2008)
Metabolite Laboratories, Inc. v. Laboratory Corp. of *1004 America Holdings, 370 F.3d 1354, 1365 (Fed.Cir.2004); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986).
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Lucent Technologies, Inc. v. Gateway, Inc. (2008)
Peterson Co., 438 F.3d 1354, 1363 (Fed.Cir.2006) (concluding that patentee could rely on circumstantial evidence, including instruction sheets provided with product, to prove direct infringement); Arthrocare Corp. v. Smith & Nephew, Inc., 406 F.3d 1365, 1375-77 (Fed.Cir.2005) (affirming denial of judgment as a matter of law of no indirect infringement based, in part, on “strong circumstantial evidence” of direct infringement, including literature accompanying the product inv…
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Eastman Kodak Co. v. Agfa-Gevaert N.V. (2008)
Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.Cir.1986), ce rt. denied, 479 U.S. 1030 , 107 S.Ct. 875 , 93 L.Ed.2d 829 (1987), rev’d on other grounds, 872 F.2d 407 (Fed.Cir.1989).
Cir. 1998) (finding that Cardinal's advertisements conceded the ability of the accused device to practice the claimed method, and encouraged such use); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed.
rejecting the argument that “proof of inducing infringement or direct infringement requires direct, as opposed to circumstantial evidence”