Statute treatment: 18 U.S.C. § 3173

Ranked leading cases interpreting this statute, drawn from 31 citation events across 29 distinct cases.

31citations total

29distinct interpreting cases

18distinct courts

2citations in last 5y

1977–2025year range

Top 20 leading cases

#1 United States v. Alston (1980) dc 57 own cites 2× in case

#2 United States v. Jerry Lee Howard (2000) ca6 128 own cites 1× in case

#3 United States v. Santiago-Becerril (1997) ca1 118 own cites 1× in case

#4 United States v. Mark A. Mitchell (1983) ca1 101 own cites 1× in case

#5 United States v. Harry H. Nance, United States of America v. Leon Stelly, United States of America v. Taybren Lee (1982) ca9 93 own cites 1× in case

#6 United States v. Gonzalo Gonzalez (1982) ca11 91 own cites 1× in case

#7 In Re Grand Jury Investigation. Appeal of Joseph Braun, Witness (1979) ca3 76 own cites 1× in case

#8 United States v. Glen Herman (1978) ca5 57 own cites 1× in case

#9 United States v. Louis Carini (1977) ca2 51 own cites 1× in case

#10 United States v. Frye (2004) ca5 34 own cites 1× in case

#11 United States v. Munoz Amado (1999) ca1 32 own cites 1× in case

#12 United States v. Payden (1985) nysd 29 own cites 1× in case

#13 United States v. Anthony Rice (2014) cadc 28 own cites 1× in case

#14 United States v. Marvin Bloom and Vincent Anthony Daley, Appeal of Vincent Anthony Daley (1989) ca2 27 own cites 1× in case

#15 United States v. Sebastian (1977) nywd 21 own cites 1× in case

#16 United States v. Casas (2005) ca1 105 own cites 1× in case

#17 United States v. Gates (2009) med 5 own cites 1× in case

#18 United States v. Shulick (2017) paed 22 own cites 1× in case

#19 United States v. Benjamin (1993) vid 3 own cites 1× in case

#20 United States v. Rivera-Fuentes (2014) prd 3 own cites 1× in case

Ranking method: leading_score = ln(1 + own_citation_count) × √(mentions_in_case) × flag_factor, where flag_factor = 1.0 green · 0.6 unknown · 0.5 neutral · 0.4 yellow · 0.3 procedural · 0 red. Red-flagged cases excluded — their interpretation has been undermined and shouldn't lead the list. Top 20 returned per statute. Open any case for full G Cite, trajectory, and per-circuit treatment.