Statute treatment: 18 U.S.C. § 452

Ranked leading cases interpreting this statute, drawn from 13 citation events across 11 distinct cases.

13citations total

11distinct interpreting cases

6distinct courts

0citations in last 5y

1891–2016year range

Top 11 leading cases

#1 United States v. Augustin Alvarez, Oscar Hernandez, Mario C. Simon, Rolando Rios, Ramon Raymond, Eduardo Portal, Victoriano Concepcion, A/K/A \Macho\"" (1985) ca11 235 own cites 1× in case

#2 Shockley v. United States (1948) ca9 39 own cites 2× in case

#3 United States v. Flores (1933) scotus 114 own cites 1× in case

#4 Ochoa v. United States (1948) ca9 38 own cites 1× in case

#5 United States v. Steven Wayne Lilly (1975) ca9 26 own cites 1× in case

#6 United States v. Victor Reza-Ramos (2016) ca9 18 own cites 1× in case

#7 Carter v. United States (1949) ca10 13 own cites 1× in case

#8 Barrett v. United States (1936) ca7 10 own cites 1× in case

#9 United States v. Clark (1891) akd 6 own cites 1× in case

#10 Summers v. United States (1913) ca9 3 own cites 2× in case

#11 Bowen v. Johnson (1938) ca9 6 own cites 1× in case

Ranking method: leading_score = ln(1 + own_citation_count) × √(mentions_in_case) × flag_factor, where flag_factor = 1.0 green · 0.6 unknown · 0.5 neutral · 0.4 yellow · 0.3 procedural · 0 red. Red-flagged cases excluded — their interpretation has been undermined and shouldn't lead the list. Top 20 returned per statute. Open any case for full G Cite, trajectory, and per-circuit treatment.