Statute treatment: 34 C.F.R. § 99.31

Ranked leading cases interpreting this statute, drawn from 176 citation events across 81 distinct cases.

176citations total

81distinct interpreting cases

54distinct courts

83citations in last 5y

1991–2026year range

Top 20 leading cases

#1 L.R. v. Camden City Public School District (080333)(Camden, Morris, and Somerset Counties and Statewide) (2019) nj 9 own cites 26× in case

#2 Krakauer v. State Ex Rel. Commissioner of Higher Education (2016) mont 14 own cites 6× in case

#3 Doe v. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2022) ca1 39 own cites 3× in case

#4 Tombrello v. USX Corp. (1991) alnd 38 own cites 3× in case

#5 Zaal v. State (1992) md 77 own cites 1× in case

#6 Catrone v. Miles (2007) arizctapp 20 own cites 2× in case

#7 Doe v. Superintendent of Schools (1995) mass 51 own cites 1× in case

#8 Ellis v. Cleveland Municipal School District (2004) ohnd 30 own cites 1× in case

#9 C.M. v. Board of Education of Union County Regional High School District (2005) ca3 30 own cites 1× in case

#10 Hirt v. Unified Sch. Dist. No. 287 (2018) ksd 25 own cites 1× in case

#11 Achman v. CHISAGO LAKES IND. SCHOOL DIST. NO. 2144 (1999) mnd 21 own cites 1× in case

#12 Sander v. State Bar of Cal. (2013) cal 20 own cites 1× in case

#13 Champa v. Weston Public Schools (2015) mass 19 own cites 1× in case

#14 John Doe v. Loyola University Chicago (2024) ca7 15 own cites 1× in case

#15 People v. Bachofer (2008) coloctapp 15 own cites 1× in case

#16 D.L. v. Unified School District 497 (2003) ksd 12 own cites 1× in case

#17 John Doe v. Roe (2018) vaed 9 own cites 1× in case

#18 DeFeo v. McAboy (2003) moed 4 own cites 2× in case

#19 Fairchild v. Liberty Independent School District (2006) txed 2 own cites 1× in case

#20 Osborn v. Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System (2001) wisctapp 2 own cites 2× in case

Ranking method: leading_score = ln(1 + own_citation_count) × √(mentions_in_case) × flag_factor, where flag_factor = 1.0 green · 0.6 unknown · 0.5 neutral · 0.4 yellow · 0.3 procedural · 0 red. Red-flagged cases excluded — their interpretation has been undermined and shouldn't lead the list. Top 20 returned per statute. Open any case for full G Cite, trajectory, and per-circuit treatment.