5 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 25 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Campbell v. United States.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Campbell v. United States Anchor | green | “he ordinary rule, based on considerations of fairness, does not place the burden upon a litigant of establishing facts peculiarly within the knowledge of his adversary.” | 8 |
| 2 | Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor | green | “civil rights cases against parties charged with unlawful, class-based discrimination are prime examples .” | 6 |
| 3 | In Re: Monumental | green | “of course, certification under rule 23(b)(2) is appropriate only if members of the proposed class would benefit from the injunctive relief they request.” | 4 |
| 4 | Lienhart v. Dryvit Systems, Inc. | green | “the party seeking class certification bears the burden of proof.” | 4 |
| 5 | Goodman v. Lukens Steel Co. | red | “because 1981, like , does not contain a statute of limitations, federal courts should select the most appropriate or analogous state statute of limitations.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.