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1 Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 128 S. Ct. 2931 (2009)
To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter to state a claim that is plausible on its face.
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2 Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 167 L. Ed. 2d 929 (2007)
To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter to state a claim that is plausible on its face.
 green 96,803 151,281 492,117
3 Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 127 S. Ct. 2197, 167 L. Ed. 2d 1081 (2007)
Courts must construe pro se filings liberally to encompass any allegation stating a claim for federal relief.
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4 Biestek v. Berryhill, 587 U.S. 97, 139 S. Ct. 1148, 203 L. Ed. 2d 504 (2019)
Substantial evidence is defined as relevant evidence a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion and carries a low evidentiary threshold.
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5 Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 123 S. Ct. 1029, 154 L. Ed. 2d 931 (2003)
A certificate of appealability requires a showing that reasonable jurists would find debatable significant constitutional issues to permit federal review of a denied habeas petition.
 green 7,974 27,571 65,226
6 Winter v. Nat. Resources Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 129 S. Ct. 365, 172 L. Ed. 2d 249 (2008)
A plaintiff seeking a preliminary injunction must demonstrate that irreparable injury is likely in the absence of an injunction rather than merely possible.
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7 Rovilma Diamond v. Colonial Life & Accident Ins. Co., 416 F.3d 310 (4th Cir. 2005)
Absent a timely objection, a district court need not conduct a de novo review but must only ensure the record contains no clear error to accept a recommendation.
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8 Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 127 S. Ct. 1769, 167 L. Ed. 2d 686 (2007)
A court may disregard testimonial evidence that is blatantly contradicted by video evidence when determining whether a genuine dispute of material fact exists for summary judgment purposes.
 green 7,498 13,412 31,671
9 Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 127 S. Ct. 910, 166 L. Ed. 2d 798 (2007)
Exhaustion of administrative remedies is an affirmative defense under the PLRA, and the boundaries of proper exhaustion are defined by prison procedures rather than the statute itself.
 green 7,292 10,771 21,284
10 Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 131 S. Ct. 770, 178 L. Ed. 2d 624 (2011)
A state court decision constitutes an adjudication on the merits under section 2254(d) even if the order lacks an accompanying explanation.
 green 7,239 12,897 43,460
11 Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 129 S. Ct. 808, 172 L. Ed. 2d 565 (2009)
Courts may exercise discretion in deciding which prong of the qualified immunity analysis to address first rather than following a mandatory two-step sequence.
 green 6,806 13,600 36,582
12 J. Wilkerson v. B. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834 (9th Cir. 2014)
A jury instruction stating that a plaintiff's resistance is established by a disciplinary finding is misleading if it fails to clarify the nature of that resistance.
 green 5,742 6,780 6,821
13 Phillips v. Cnty. of Allegheny, 515 F.3d 224 (3d Cir. 2008)
Federal Rule 8 requires a complaint to include a factual showing of entitlement to relief rather than a mere blanket assertion (Rule 8).
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14 Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins, 578 U.S. 330, 136 S. Ct. 1540, 194 L. Ed. 2d 635 (2016)
To establish injury in fact, a plaintiff must demonstrate an invasion of a legally protected interest that is concrete, particularized, and actual or imminent rather than conjectural.
 green 5,642 7,878 21,135
15 Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 126 S. Ct. 2378, 165 L. Ed. 2d 368 (2006)
Proper exhaustion of administrative remedies requires adherence to all applicable procedural rules to ensure the agency addresses the issues on the merits.
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16 Astrue v. Ratliff, 560 U.S. 586, 130 S. Ct. 2521, 177 L. Ed. 2d 91 (2010)
Attorney fees awarded under the Equal Access to Justice Act are payable to the prevailing litigant and are subject to offset by pre-existing federal debts.
 green 5,436 6,987 10,290
17 Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678, 121 S. Ct. 2491, 150 L. Ed. 2d 653 (2001)
The statute authorizing post-removal detention does not permit indefinite detention once removal is no longer reasonably foreseeable.
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18 Perry v. Merit Sys. Prot. Bd., 582 U.S. 420, 137 S. Ct. 1975, 198 L. Ed. 2d 527 (2017)
The affirmative defense of retaliation for prior equal employment opportunity activity falls outside the jurisdictional reach of the Merit Systems Protection Board.
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19 Ben Gary Triestman v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, United States of Am., 470 F.3d 471 (2d Cir. 2006)
Pro se pleadings must be construed liberally and interpreted to raise the strongest arguments that they suggest.
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20 Kamakana v. City & Cnty. of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172 (9th Cir. 2006) green 4,570 5,826 12,812
21 Karen Garrison v. Carolyn W. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995 (9th Cir. 2014)
A court may reverse and award benefits if the record is fully developed, the judge failed to provide sufficient reasons for rejecting evidence, and crediting that evidence necessitates a disability finding.
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22 Hill v. Lappin, 630 F.3d 468 (6th Cir. 2010)
The plausibility standard for pleading requirements applies to sua sponte dismissals of prisoner litigation under section 1915.
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23 Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N. A., 534 U.S. 506, 122 S. Ct. 992, 152 L. Ed. 2d 1 (2002)
A complaint in an employment discrimination lawsuit need not establish a prima facie case but must provide fair notice of the claim and the grounds upon which it rests.
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24 Ashcroft v. al-Kidd, 563 U.S. 731, 131 S. Ct. 2074, 179 L. Ed. 2d 1149 (2011)
Qualified immunity shields government officials from liability unless they violate a clearly established statutory or constitutional right.
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25 Fowler v. UPMC Shadyside, 578 F.3d 203 (3d Cir. 2009)
A complaint must allege sufficient facts to show entitlement to relief because courts may disregard legal conclusions while accepting all well-pleaded factual allegations as true.
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26 Cullen v. Pinholster, 563 U.S. 170, 131 S. Ct. 1388, 179 L. Ed. 2d 557 (2011) green 4,016 6,799 14,491
27 United States v. Jose Francisco Reyna-Tapia, AKA Jose Reyna, 328 F.3d 1114 (9th Cir. 2003)
A district judge must review a magistrate judge's findings and recommendations de novo only if a party files an objection to those findings.
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28 TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez, 594 U.S. 413, 141 S. Ct. 2190, 210 L. Ed. 2d 568 (2021)
To establish Article III standing, a plaintiff must demonstrate a concrete injury in fact that is physical, monetary, or a cognizable intangible harm traditionally recognized in common law.
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29 Ross v. Blake, 578 U.S. 632, 136 S. Ct. 1850, 195 L. Ed. 2d 117 (2016)
A prisoner must exhaust administrative remedies but is not required to exhaust those that are unavailable.
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30 Holland v. Florida, 560 U.S. 631, 130 S. Ct. 2549, 177 L. Ed. 2d 130 (2010)
The statute of limitations for filing a federal habeas corpus petition is subject to equitable tolling if a petitioner demonstrates diligent pursuit of their rights and extraordinary circumstances.
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31 Arbaugh v. Y & H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 126 S. Ct. 1235, 163 L. Ed. 2d 1097 (2006)
A statutory limitation on the scope of a federal statute is nonjurisdictional unless Congress clearly expresses its intent to make that limitation jurisdictional.
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32 Michael Lacey v. Joseph Arpaio, 693 F.3d 896 (9th Cir. 2012)
Claims dismissed with leave to amend may be considered waived if they are not realleged in a subsequent amended pleading.
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33 Connick v. Thompson, 563 U.S. 51, 131 S. Ct. 1350, 179 L. Ed. 2d 417 (2011) green 3,605 5,231 11,982
34 Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104 (9th Cir. 2012)
A claimant need not vegetate in a dark room to be eligible for social security benefits.
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35 Harris v. Mills, 572 F.3d 66 (2d Cir. 2009)
Federal courts remain obligated to construe a pro se complaint liberally even after the pleading standards established in Twombly.
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36 Gisbrecht v. Barnhart, 535 U.S. 789, 122 S. Ct. 1817, 152 L. Ed. 2d 996 (2002)
An award under the Equal Access to Justice Act offsets an award for reasonable attorney fees under Section 406(b).
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37 Kelley Mala v. Crown Bay Marina, 704 F.3d 239 (3d Cir. 2013)
Pro se litigants must abide by the same procedural rules that apply to all other litigants.
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38 George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605 (7th Cir. 2007)
Unrelated claims against different defendants must be brought in separate suits to prevent prisoners from evading filing fees or the three-strikes provision of the Prison Litigation Reform Act.
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39 Kingsley v. Hendrickson, 576 U.S. 389, 135 S. Ct. 2466, 192 L. Ed. 2d 416 (2015)
A pretrial detainee must show only that the force used against him was objectively unreasonable rather than proving the officer acted with subjective malicious intent.
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40 David P. Pagtalunan v. George Galaza, Warden Thomas Maddock, Acting Dir., California Dep't of Corr., 291 F.3d 639 (9th Cir. 2002)
A district court does not abuse its discretion when dismissing a petition with prejudice for failure to comply with a court order or failure to prosecute.
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41 Maureen Thomas v. Jo Anne Barnhart, Comm'r of the Soc. Sec. Admin., 278 F.3d 947 (9th Cir. 2002)
An administrative law judge must provide a sufficient explanation when discounting a claimant's symptom claims (requiring the ALJ to sufficiently explain why it discounted claimant's symptom claims).
 green 3,332 5,129 8,333
42 Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 481 F.3d 784, 580 F.3d 565 (2007)
Appellate courts must review all sentences, whether inside or outside the advisory Guidelines range, under a deferential abuse-of-discretion standard.
 green 3,287 20,130 77,827
43 Lugosch v. Pyramid Co. of Onondaga, 435 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2006)
Courts may grant motions to seal only when specific on the record findings demonstrate that closure is essential to preserve higher values and is narrowly tailored to that interest.
 green 3,273 3,961 8,002
44 Tellabs, Inc. v. Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd., 551 U.S. 308, 127 S. Ct. 2499, 168 L. Ed. 2d 179 (2007)
To satisfy the strong inference requirement, a complaint must allege facts from which an inference of scienter is cogent and at least as compelling as any opposing inference.
 green 3,234 6,189 19,193
45 Deborah L. Burch v. Jo Anne B. Barnhart, Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 400 F.3d 676 (9th Cir. 2005)
An administrative law judge must uphold a decision if the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation.
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46 Norman Grayson v. Mayview State Hosp. Allegheny Cnty. Jail Camp Hill Prison United States of Am., Intervenor, 293 F.3d 103 (3d Cir. 2002)
District courts should grant leave to amend complaints dismissed during screening unless the amendment would be inequitable or futile.
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47 Gonzalez v. Thaler, 565 U.S. 134, 132 S. Ct. 641, 181 L. Ed. 2d 619 (2012)
A habeas corpus petition is subject to a one-year statute of limitations that begins to run from the latest of the four commencement dates specified in federal law.
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48 Wallace v. Kato, 549 U.S. 384, 127 S. Ct. 1091, 166 L. Ed. 2d 973 (2007)
The accrual date of a section 1983 cause of action is a question of federal law that begins when the plaintiff has a complete and present cause of action.
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49 Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 122 S. Ct. 983, 152 L. Ed. 2d 12 (2002)
The Prison Litigation Reform Act exhaustion requirement applies to all prisoner suits seeking redress for prison conditions or circumstances.
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50 Burlington N. & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. White, 548 U.S. 53, 126 S. Ct. 2405, 165 L. Ed. 2d 345 (2006)
An employer's retaliatory action is actionable under Title VII if it might have dissuaded a reasonable worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination.
 green 3,022 7,292 27,535
51 Daimler AG v. Bauman, 571 U.S. 117, 134 S. Ct. 746, 187 L. Ed. 2d 624 (2014)
A corporation is subject to general personal jurisdiction only when its affiliations with the forum state are so continuous and systematic as to render it essentially at home there.
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52 Lee v. City Of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668 (9th Cir. 2001)
A district court may not consider material outside the pleadings or take judicial notice of disputed facts when ruling on a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim.
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53 People v. Lewis, 491 P.3d 309 (Cal. 2021)
A trial court must appoint counsel for a petitioner upon the filing of a facially sufficient petition under Penal Code section 1170.95 if counsel is requested.
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54 Dist. of Columbia v. Wesby, 583 U.S. 48, 138 S. Ct. 577, 199 L. Ed. 2d 453 (2018)
Probable cause requires only a substantial chance of criminal activity and does not require officers to rule out every innocent explanation for suspicious facts.
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55 United States v. Flores, 632 F.3d 229 (5th Cir. 2011)
An appellate court is guided by the Anders brief itself and need not conduct an independent review of the entire record if the brief is facially adequate.
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56 Miguel Perez v. James Fenoglio, 792 F.3d 768 (7th Cir. 2015)
A plaintiff states a First Amendment retaliation claim by alleging protected activity, a motivating factor, and a deprivation likely to deter future activity.
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57 Tolan v. Cotton, 572 U.S. 650, 134 S. Ct. 1861, 188 L. Ed. 2d 895 (2014)
A court deciding a summary judgment motion must view all evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party and may not resolve genuine disputes of fact.
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58 McQuiggin v. Perkins, 569 U.S. 383, 133 S. Ct. 1924, 185 L. Ed. 2d 1019 (2013)
A credible claim of actual innocence serves as a gateway to overcome the statute of limitations for a federal habeas petition.
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59 Chace v. Curran, 881 N.E.2d 792 (Mass. App. Ct. 2008)
Claims for intentional misrepresentation and fraudulent concealment based on a fiduciary duty to disclose material facts are independent of negligence and not barred by statutes of repose.
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60 New York State Rifle & Pistol Assn., Inc. v. Bruen, 597 U.S. 1, 142 S. Ct. 2111, 213 L. Ed. 2d 387 (2022)
The government must demonstrate that a firearm regulation is consistent with the nation's historical tradition of firearm regulation to justify a restriction on Second Amendment rights.
 green 2,776 2,776 18,332
61 Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations, S. A. v. Brown, 564 U.S. 915, 131 S. Ct. 2846, 180 L. Ed. 2d 796 (2011)
A court may assert general jurisdiction over a foreign corporation only when its affiliations with the forum state are so continuous and systematic as to render it essentially at home.
 green 2,708 4,385 10,260
62 Jennings v. Rodriguez, 583 U.S. 281, 138 S. Ct. 830, 200 L. Ed. 2d 122 (2018)
Immigration statutes authorizing the detention of certain aliens pending removal proceedings do not grant those individuals a right to periodic bond hearings.
 green 2,703 3,210 8,260
63 Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625 (9th Cir. 2007)
An administrative law judge must provide specific, legitimate reasons supported by substantial evidence to reject a treating physician's opinion or a claimant's testimony.
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64 Donald Saucier v. Elliot M. Katz & in Def. of Animals, 533 U.S. 194, 121 S. Ct. 2151, 150 L. Ed. 2d 272 (2001)
To determine if a right is clearly established, courts must decide whether it would be clear to a reasonable officer that his conduct was unlawful in the situation confronted.
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65 Nat'l R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 122 S. Ct. 2061, 153 L. Ed. 2d 106 (2002)
Discrete discriminatory acts are not actionable if time-barred, but a hostile work environment claim is timely if at least one contributing act occurs within the statutory filing period.
 red 2,674 6,604 28,113
66 Sandra Connelly v. Lane Constr. Corp, 809 F.3d 780 (3d Cir. 2016)
A complaint need not establish a prima facie case to survive a motion to dismiss because a prima facie case is an evidentiary standard rather than a pleading requirement.
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67 Robbins Ex Rel. Robbins v. Oklahoma Ex Rel. Dep't of Human Servs., 519 F.3d 1242 (10th Cir. 2008)
A complaint alleging section 1983 claims against multiple defendants must specify exactly which defendant performed which act to satisfy the requirement of plausibility.
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68 Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 544 U.S. 408, 125 S. Ct. 1807, 161 L. Ed. 2d 669 (2005)
A state postconviction petition is not properly filed to toll the federal statute of limitations if it is rejected by a state court for being untimely under state law.
 green 2,638 4,567 9,277
69 Rumsfeld v. Padilla, 542 U.S. 426, 124 S. Ct. 2711, 159 L. Ed. 2d 513 (2004)
A habeas petition challenging present physical custody must name the immediate custodian as the respondent and be filed in the district of confinement.
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70 Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035 (9th Cir. 2008)
An administrative law judge may reject a treating physician's opinion if the decision provides specific and legitimate reasons supported by the medical record.
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71 Mullenix v. Luna, 577 U.S. 7, 136 S. Ct. 305, 193 L. Ed. 2d 255 (2015)
A clearly established right is one that is sufficiently clear that every reasonable official would have understood that their conduct violates that right.
 green 2,551 3,811 7,757
72 Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 125 S. Ct. 1517, 161 L. Ed. 2d 454 (2005)
The Rooker-Feldman doctrine bars federal district courts from reviewing state-court judgments rendered before the district court proceedings commenced and brought by state-court losers seeking rejection of those judgments.
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73 Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 F.3d 1028 (9th Cir. 2007)
An administrative law judge may reject a claimant's symptom testimony only by offering specific, clear, and convincing reasons if objective medical evidence supports the underlying impairment.
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74 Walker v. Schult, 717 F.3d 119 (2d Cir. 2013)
A pro se complaint must state a plausible claim for relief despite being construed liberally to raise the strongest possible arguments.
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75 Treichler v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 775 F.3d 1090 (9th Cir. 2014)
An administrative law judge must specifically identify the testimony found not credible and explain which evidence undermines it to allow for meaningful appellate review.
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76 Nken v. Holder, 556 U.S. 418, 129 S. Ct. 1749, 173 L. Ed. 2d 550 (2009)
A request to stay a removal order pending judicial review is governed by the traditional four-factor test rather than a heightened evidentiary standard.
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77 Rhines v. Weber, 544 U.S. 269, 125 S. Ct. 1528, 161 L. Ed. 2d 440 (2005)
A district court has the discretion to stay a mixed habeas corpus petition when the petitioner shows good cause for failing to exhaust claims and the unexhausted claims are meritorious.
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78 Cheeks v. Freeport Pancake House, Inc., 796 F.3d 199 (2d Cir. 2015)
Stipulated dismissals settling FLSA claims with prejudice require district court approval to take effect.
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79 Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 124 S. Ct. 1354, 158 L. Ed. 2d 177 (2004)
The Confrontation Clause prohibits the admission of testimonial out-of-court statements unless the defendant had a prior opportunity to cross-examine the witness.
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80 Charles Richard Stone v. Rick Harry Anita Schlank Deborah Konieska Rhonda Heskin Amy Anderson Lori Parkos Jim Lind, 364 F.3d 912 (8th Cir. 2004)
Federal courts are not required to assume facts that are not alleged simply because additional allegations would have formed a stronger complaint.
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81 Walden v. Fiore, 571 U.S. 277, 134 S. Ct. 1115, 188 L. Ed. 2d 12 (2014)
Specific personal jurisdiction requires an analysis of the relationship between the defendant, the forum, and the litigation, rather than focusing solely on the plaintiff's contacts with the forum.
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82 Atl. Marine Constr. Co. v. United States Dist. Court for W. Dist. of Tex., 571 U.S. 49, 134 S. Ct. 568, 187 L. Ed. 2d 487 (2013)
A valid forum-selection clause does not render venue improper but must be given controlling weight in a motion to transfer under section 1404(a).
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83 Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338 (9th Cir. 2010)
Pro se pleadings must be liberally construed to afford the plaintiff the benefit of any doubt even after the standards set forth in Twombly and Iqbal.
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84 Leslie Woods v. Kilolo Kijakazi, 32 F.4th 785 (9th Cir. 2022)
An administrative law judge must provide an explanation supported by substantial evidence when rejecting an examining or treating physician's opinion as unsupported or inconsistent with the record.
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85 Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 1202 (9th Cir. 2011)
A supervisor is liable under section 1983 if a sufficient causal connection exists between their wrongful conduct and the constitutional violation.
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86 Hill v. Curcione, 657 F.3d 116 (2d Cir. 2011)
Prescribing ibuprofen instead of stronger medication for a broken wrist fails to establish deliberate indifference without an allegation of a culpable state of mind.
 green 2,303 3,042 3,491
87 Carmickle v. Comm'r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 533 F.3d 1155 (9th Cir. 2008)
An adverse credibility finding must be based on clear and convincing reasons when objective medical evidence establishes an impairment that could reasonably produce the reported symptoms.
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88 Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460, 132 S. Ct. 2455, 183 L. Ed. 2d 407 (2012)
The Eighth Amendment forbids a sentencing scheme that mandates life without parole for juvenile offenders.
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89 Ziglar v. Abbasi, 582 U.S. 120, 755 F. App'x 19, 137 S. Ct. 1843 (2017)
The loss of mail does not constitute a constitutional violation sufficient to support a Bivens damages remedy.
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90 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 564 U.S. 338, 131 S. Ct. 2541, 180 L. Ed. 2d 374 (2011)
To satisfy the commonality requirement of Rule 23(a), class members must have suffered the same injury and their claims must depend on a common contention capable of classwide resolution.
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91 Arista Records, LLC v. Doe 3, 604 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2010)
A plaintiff may satisfy the pleading standard by alleging facts that make the claim plausible without providing specific evidence at the initial stage (adopting the Sony Music test).
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92 Martinez v. Ryan, 566 U.S. 1, 132 S. Ct. 1309, 182 L. Ed. 2d 272 (2012)
Ineffective assistance of counsel during an initial-review collateral proceeding may establish cause to overcome a procedural default of a claim for ineffective assistance of trial counsel.
 green 2,193 4,000 12,409
93 Christopher J. Weiland v. Palm Beach Cnty. Sheriff's Off., 792 F.3d 1313 (11th Cir. 2015)
A complaint is a shotgun pleading only if it fails to provide defendants with adequate notice of the claims and the factual grounds upon which they rest.
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94 Debra Rogers v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 486 F.3d 234 (6th Cir. 2007)
Administrative law judges retain discretion over credibility determinations regarding subjective complaints (credibility determinations regarding subjective complaints rest with the ALJ).
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95 Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147 (2d Cir. 2002) green 2,140 4,444 6,111
96 Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Jud. Dist., 592 U.S. 351, 141 S. Ct. 1017, 209 L. Ed. 2d 225 (2021)
Specific personal jurisdiction exists when a defendant purposefully avails itself of a state market and the plaintiff's claims arise from the defendant's activities within that forum state.
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97 Moss v. U.S. Secret Serv., 572 F.3d 962 (9th Cir. 2009)
A complaint must contain non-conclusory factual content and reasonable inferences that are plausibly suggestive of a claim for relief to survive a motion to dismiss.
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98 Loper Bright Enter. v. Raimondo, 603 U.S. 369, 144 S. Ct. 2244 (2024)
Courts must exercise independent judgment to determine the meaning of statutory provisions and may not defer to an agency interpretation simply because a statute is ambiguous.
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99 Clapper v. Amnesty Int'l USA, 568 U.S. 398, 133 S. Ct. 1138, 185 L. Ed. 2d 264 (2013)
To establish standing, a plaintiff must allege a concrete and particularized injury that is actual or imminent rather than based on a speculative chain of possibilities.
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100 Kim Brown-Hunter v. Carolyn W. Colvin, 806 F.3d 487 (9th Cir. 2015)
An administrative law judge fails to provide clear and convincing reasons for rejecting a claimant's testimony by simply reciting medical evidence used to support a residual functional capacity determination.
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