4 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 22 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from BBF Engineering Services, PC v. State of Mich..
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BBF Engineering Services, PC v. State of Mich. Anchor | green | “where the entity is named as a defendant, an official-capacity claim is redundant.” | 11 |
| 2 | Faith Baptist Church v. Waterford Township | green | “plaintiffs' claims against bedell in his official capacity were properly dismissed because they were in actuality claims against the township of waterford, which is itself a defendant.” | 4 |
| 3 | Cavanaugh v. McBride | green | “ecause cavanaugh has raised claims against otsego county, the claims against in their official capacities are duplicative and will be dismissed.” | 4 |
| 4 | Jane Doe v. Claiborne County, Tennessee | green | “we will affirm the dismissal of the official capacity claims against because a suit against an official of the state is treated as a suit against the municipality.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.