4 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 19 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Russell v. County of Nassau.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russell v. County of Nassau Anchor | green | “title vi claims cannot be asserted against an individual defendant because the individual is not the recipient of federal funds.” | 8 |
| 2 | Lopez v. Webster Central School District | green | “courts have applied the familiar mcdonnell douglas burden-shifting analysis to cases arising under title vi.” | 5 |
| 3 | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey | green | “since twombly and iqbal, swierkiewicz's continued vitality has been an open question in this circuit.” | 3 |
| 4 | De La Peña v. Metropolitan Life Insurance | green | “without any further facts, defendant's statements, while politically incorrect, do not raise a plausible inference that his actions towards the were a result of membership in a protected class.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.