3 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 16 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Leland Wheeler v. City of Santa Clara.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leland Wheeler v. City of Santa Clara Anchor | green | “leave to amend may be denied if amendment would be futile” | 7 |
| 2 | Cousins v. Lockyer | green | “conclusory allegations of law and unwarranted inferences are insufficient to avoid a rule 12(b)(6) dismissal” | 5 |
| 3 | Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC v. Sanders | green | “. . . when the laws are not 'apparently conflicting,' there is no path to choosing the law of another state unless the parties have made an 'effective choice' of law to govern the contract claim.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.