5 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 15 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. John Dominick Capps.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. John Dominick Capps Anchor | green | “capps had no first amendment right to make a false statement.” | 3 |
| 2 | Walter Pestrak v. Ohio Elections Commission | green | “alse speech, even political speech, does not merit constitutional protection if the speaker knows of the falsehood or recklessly disregards the truth.” | 3 |
| 3 | Joy Niday Colson v. Paul Grohman Mike Hogg Jack Roberts Stella Roberts City of Pearland | green | “ntentional or reckless falsehood, even political falsehood, enjoys no first amendment protection.” | 3 |
| 4 | Jose Solano, Jr. v. Playgirl, Inc. | green | “the first amendment does not protect knowingly false speech.” | 3 |
| 5 | Danny M. Bennett v. Dennis Lee Hendrix | green | “peech constitut a false factual assertion is not protected by the first amendment.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.