4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 118 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Johnson v. Outboard Marine Corp..
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Johnson v. Outboard Marine Corp. Anchor | green | “n order to sue a public official in his or her individual capacity, a plaintiff must expressly and unambiguously state so in the pleadings, otherwise, it will be assumed that the defendant is sued only in his or her official capacity” | 50 |
| 2 | Terry J. Artis v. Francis Howell North Band Booster Association, Inc. Francis Howell R-Iii School District Joseph Stacy | green | “if the complaint does not specifically name the defendant in his individual capacity, it is presumed he is sued only in his official capacity” | 37 |
| 3 | Jane Marie Egerdahl v. Hibbing Community College Minnesota Community College System State of Minnesota Myron Schmidt Anthony Kuznik and Jerry Krause | green | “if a plaintiff's complaint is silent about the capacity in which she is suing the defendant, we interpret the complaint as including only official-capacity claims” | 25 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.