7 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 57 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Camille Haddad v. Alexander, Zelmanski, Danner & Fioritto.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Camille Haddad v. Alexander, Zelmanski, Danner & Fioritto Anchor | green | “if the statement is not necessary to the outcome, it is dicta and nonbinding.” | 9 |
| 2 | Carpenter v. United States | green | “carpenter requires proof that the information was both considered and treated by in a way that maintained the exclusive right to the information.” | 8 |
| 3 | United States v. O'Hagan | green | “a company's 15 confidential information . . . qualifies as property to which the company has a right of exclusive use.” | 8 |
| 4 | United States v. O'Hagan | green | “a company's confidential information . . . qualifies as property to which the company has a right of exclusive use.” | 8 |
| 5 | United States v. O'Hagan | green | “deception through nondisclosure is central to the theory of liability . . . .” | 8 |
| 6 | United States v. Mahaffy | green | “carpenter requires proof that the information was both considered and treated by in a way that maintained the exclusive right to the information.” | 8 |
| 7 | United States v. Pinto-Thomaz | green | “insider trading occurs when someone to whom has been entrusted pursuant to a fiduciary or similar relationship secretly embezzles, or "misappropriates,' the information in order to take advantage of its securities-related value.” | 8 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.