C.F.R. » Title 28 » CHAPTER I—DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE › PART 55—IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT REGARDING LANGUAGE MINORITY GROUPS › Subpart C—Determining the Exact Language

28 C.F.R. § 55.12

Language used for written material

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(a) Language minority groups having more than one language. Some language minority groups, for example, Filipino Americans, have more than one language other than English. A jurisdiction required to provide election materials in the language of such a group need not provide materials in more than one language other than English. The Attorney General will consider whether the language that is used for election materials is the one most widely used by the jurisdiction's voting-age citizens who are members of the language minority group.

(b) Languages with more than one written form. Some languages, for example, Japanese, have more than one written form. A jurisdiction required to provide election materials in such a language need not provide more than one version. The Attorney General will consider whether the particular version of the language that is used for election materials is the one most widely used by the jurisdiction's voting-age citizens who are members of the language minority group.

(c) Unwritten languages. Many of the languages used by language minority groups, for example, by some American Indians and Alaskan Natives, are unwritten. With respect to any such language, only oral assistance and publicity are required. Even though a written form for a language may exist, a language may be considered unwritten if it is not commonly used in a written form. It is the responsibility of the covered jurisdiction to determine whether a language should be considered written or unwritten.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 1 case, 2019–2019 · leading case: Asian Americans Advancing Just.-L.A. v. Padilla (Cal. Ct. App. 2019).
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Asian Americans Advancing Just.-L.A. v. Padilla (Cal. Ct. App. 2019). “” ( 28 C.F.R. § 55.12 (a).) Determinations of coverage under the Voting Rights Act are made by the Director of the Census and the Attorney General.”
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