48 C.F.R. § 33.103

33.103 Protests to the agency.

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(a) Reference. Executive Order 12979, Agency Procurement Protests, establishes policy on agency procurement protests.

(b) Prior to submission of an agency protest, all parties shall use their best efforts to resolve concerns raised by an interested party at the contracting officer level through open and frank discussions.

(c) The agency should provide for inexpensive, informal, procedurally simple, and expeditious resolution of protests. Where appropriate, the use of alternative dispute resolution techniques, third party neutrals, and another agency's personnel are acceptable protest resolution methods.

(d) The following procedures are established to resolve agency protests effectively, to build confidence in the Government's acquisition system, and to reduce protests outside of the agency:

(1) Protests shall be concise and logically presented to facilitate review by the agency. Failure to substantially comply with any of the requirements of paragraph (d)(2) of this section may be grounds for dismissal of the protest.

(2) Protests shall include the following information:

(i) Name, address, and fax and telephone numbers of the protester.

(ii) Solicitation or contract number.

(iii) Detailed statement of the legal and factual grounds for the protest, to include a description of resulting prejudice to the protester.

(iv) Copies of relevant documents.

(v) Request for a ruling by the agency.

(vi) Statement as to the form of relief requested.

(vii) All information establishing that the protester is an interested party for the purpose of filing a protest.

(viii) All information establishing the timeliness of the protest.

(3) All protests filed directly with the agency will be addressed to the contracting officer or other official designated to receive protests.

(4) In accordance with agency procedures, interested parties may request an independent review of their protest at a level above the contracting officer; solicitations should advise potential bidders and offerors that this review is available. Agency procedures and/or solicitations shall notify potential bidders and offerors whether this independent review is available as an alternative to consideration by the contracting officer of a protest or is available as an appeal of a contracting officer decision on a protest. Agencies shall designate the official(s) who are to conduct this independent review, but the official(s) need not be within the contracting officer's supervisory chain. When practicable, officials designated to conduct the independent review should not have had previous personal involvement in the procurement. If there is an agency appellate review of the contracting officer's decision on the protest, it will not extend GAO's timeliness requirements. Therefore, any subsequent protest to the GAO must be filed within 10 days of knowledge of initial adverse agency action (4 CFR 21.2(a)(3)).

(e) Protests based on alleged apparent improprieties in a solicitation shall be filed before bid opening or the closing date for receipt of proposals. In all other cases, protests shall be filed no later than 10 days after the basis of protest is known or should have been known, whichever is earlier. The agency, for good cause shown, or where it determines that a protest raises issues significant to the agency's acquisition system, may consider the merits of any protest which is not timely filed.

(f) Action upon receipt of protest. (1) Upon receipt of a protest before award, a contract may not be awarded, pending agency resolution of the protest, unless contract award is justified, in writing, for urgent and compelling reasons or is determined, in writing, to be in the best interest of the Government. Such justification or determination shall be approved at a level above the contracting officer, or by another official pursuant to agency procedures.

(2) If award is withheld pending agency resolution of the protest, the contracting officer will inform the offerors whose offers might become eligible for award of the contract. If appropriate, the offerors should be requested, before expiration of the time for acceptance of their offers, to extend the time for acceptance to avoid the need for resolicitation. In the event of failure to obtain such extension of offers, consideration should be given to proceeding with award pursuant to paragraph (f)(1) of this section.

(3) Upon receipt of a protest within 10 days after contract award or within 5 days after a debriefing date offered to the protester under a timely debriefing request in accordance with 15.505 or 15.506, whichever is later, the contracting officer shall immediately suspend performance, pending resolution of the protest within the agency, including any review by an independent higher level official, unless continued performance is justified, in writing, for urgent and compelling reasons or is determined, in writing, to be in the best interest of the Government. Such justification or determination shall be approved at a level above the contracting officer, or by another official pursuant to agency procedures.

(4) Pursuing an agency protest does not extend the time for obtaining a stay at GAO. Agencies may include, as part of the agency protest process, a voluntary suspension period when agency protests are denied and the protester subsequently files at GAO.

(g) Agencies shall make their best efforts to resolve agency protests within 35 days after the protest is filed. To the extent permitted by law and regulation, the parties may exchange relevant information.

(h) Agency protest decisions shall be well-reasoned, and explain the agency position. The protest decision shall be provided to the protester using a method that provides evidence of receipt.

[61 FR 39219, July 29, 1996, as amended at 61 FR 69289, Dec. 31, 1996; 62 FR 270, Jan. 2, 1997; 62 FR 10710, Mar. 10, 1997; 62 FR 51271, Sept. 30, 1997]

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 23 cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1987–2025 · leading case: Galen Med. Assocs. Inc. v. United States, 56 Fed. Cl. 104 (Fed. Cl. 2003).

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Galen Med. Assocs. Inc. v. United States, 56 Fed. Cl. 104 (Fed. Cl. 2003). · cites it 3× “See 48 C.F.R. § 33.103 (b) (2002). Plaintiffs letter also requested documentation regarding the acquisition process.”

DGR Assocs., Inc. v. United States, 94 Fed. Cl. 189 (Fed. Cl. 2010). · cites it 2× “§ 33.103(e). Prior to filing a protest, federal procurement policy encourages parties to resolve concerns “at the contracting officer level through open and frank discussions.”

Liff v. Off. of Inspector Gen. for U.S. Dep't of Labor, 881 F.3d 912 (D.C. Cir. 2018). “§ 1491 (b); the Federal Acquisition Regulation, which establishes procedures for agency procurement protests, 48 C.F.R. § 33.103 ; the procurement protest system, which offers mechanisms by which a losing bidder may protest the award of a contract in violation of a statute or…”

KSEND v. United States, 69 Fed. Cl. 103 (Fed. Cl. 2005). · cites it 3× “306 (e) (directing government officials to not favor one offeror over another); and 48 C.F.R. § 33.103 (g) (directing a timely response to agency protests); as well as the terms of the solicitation, specifically of Sections B and L.”

CBY Design Builders v. United States, 105 Fed. Cl. 303 (Fed. Cl. 2012). “Plaintiff maintains that the conclusion of the third investigation has given the interve-nors another reason to challenge the finding that no OCI existed, prolonging litigation and delaying the performance of the contract it was awarded.”

Mike Hooks, Inc. v. United States, 39 Fed. Cl. 147 (Fed. Cl. 1997). · cites it 2× “In addition, agency-level protest procedures allow the protester to file a "[djetailed statement of the legal and factual grounds for the protest” and "[cjopies of relevant documents,” 48 C.F.R. § 33.103 (d)(2)(iii)-(iv), ensuring that the record will be more complete and…”

Grumman Data Sys. Corp. v. Sheila Widnall, Sec'y of the Air Force, & Contel Fed. Sys., Inc., Intervenor, 15 F.3d 1044 (Fed. Cir. 1994). “48 C.F.R. § 33.103 (b)(2) contains nearly identical language.”

Lab'y Corp. of Am. v. United States, 108 Fed. Cl. 549 (Fed. Cl. 2013). “at 202-03 (citing 48 C.F.R. § 33.103 ). The court held that “[t]he correct interpretation of Blue & Gold Fleet is that, if a party has challenged a solicitation impropriety before the close of the bidding process, the party is not precluded from later filing its protest at the…”

ES-KO, Inc. v. United States, 44 Fed. Cl. 429 (Fed. Cl. 1999). · cites it 2× “103(f)(3), 48 C.F.R. § 33.103 (f)(3) (1998). 1 The court heard oral argument on this issue, which we consider as a request for a preliminary injunction, on July 30, 1999.”

Ulstein Mar., Ltd. & Schottel of Am., Inc. v. United States of Am., 833 F.2d 1052 (1st Cir. 1987). “Meanwhile, appellees Schottel and Ulstein, the third and fourth lowest bidders on the contract, filed bid protests with the Navy pursuant to 48 C.F.R. § 33.103 (1985), alleging, among other grounds, that TMI lacked the manufacturing capability to fulfill the contract.”

McKing Consulting Corp. v. United States, 78 Fed. Cl. 715 (Fed. Cl. 2007). “” 48 C.F.R. § 33.103 (d)(2)(iii). . The PIA provides restrictions on disclosing and obtaining contractor bid, proposal, or source selection information.”

PMTech, Inc. v. United States, 95 Fed. Cl. 330 (Fed. Cl. 2010). “§ 3553 (d)(3)(C)(i)(II); see also 48 C.F.R. §§ 33.103 (f)(3), 33.104(d) (2009) (requiring written justification of a CICA stay override decision, and that “the contracting officer shall include the written findings or other required documentation in the file”).”

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— 48 C.F.R. § 33.103(d) — 1 case

Sys. Dynamics Int'l, Inc. v. United States, 130 Fed. Cl. 499 (Fed. Cl. 2017).

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