C.F.R. » Title 50 » CHAPTER I—UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR › SUBCHAPTER B—TAKING, POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION, SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS › PART 23—CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES) › Subpart A—Introduction

50 C.F.R. § 23.1

What are the purposes of these regulations and CITES?

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(a) Treaty. The regulations in this part implement the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as CITES, the Convention, the Treaty, or the Washington Convention, TIAS (Treaties and Other International Acts Series) 8249.

(b) Purpose. The aim of CITES is to regulate international trade in wildlife and plants, including parts, products, and derivatives, to ensure it is legal and does not threaten the survival of species in the wild. Parties, recognize that:

(1) Wildlife and plants are an irreplaceable part of the natural systems of the earth and must be protected for this and future generations.

(2) The value of wildlife and plants is ever-growing from the viewpoints of aesthetics, science, culture, recreation, and economics.

(3) Although countries should be the best protectors of their own wildlife and plants, international cooperation is essential to protect wildlife and plant species from over-exploitation through international trade.

(4) It is urgent that countries take appropriate measures to prevent illegal trade and ensure that any use of wildlife and plants is sustainable.

(c) National legislation. We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), implement CITES through the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 12 cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1988–2023 · leading case: Conservation Force v. Salazar, 646 F.3d 1240 (9th Cir. 2011).
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Conservation Force v. Salazar, 646 F.3d 1240 (9th Cir. 2011). “50 C.F.R. §§ 23.1 , 23.4. The FWS has the responsibility of implementing the ESA, which includes enforcing the CITES’ permit requirements.”
Leisure Caviar, LLC v. United States Fish & Wildlife Serv., 616 F.3d 612 (6th Cir. 2010). “The Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for regulating and managing the export and sale of paddlefish roe, see 50 C.F.R. §§ 23.1 , 23.71, in accordance with the requirements of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (“the…”
United States v. David Grigsby, Doris Grigsby, 111 F.3d 806 (11th Cir. 1997). “See 50 C.F.R. § 23.1 (a) (1992) (“The regulations in this part implement the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, TIAS 8249.”
Castlewood Prods., L.L.C. v. Norton, 365 F.3d 1076 (D.C. Cir. 2004). “” 50 C.F.R. § 23.1 (a). In light of these statutory and regulatory provisions, the Government acted reasonably in requiring more than facial satisfaction of § 23.”
United States v. Manneh, 645 F. Supp. 2d 98 (E.D.N.Y 2008). · cites it 2× “See 50 C.F.R. § 23.1 (c) (“We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, implement CITES through the Endangered Species Act”); § 23.”
WildEarth Guardians v. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv., 342 F. Supp. 3d 1047 (D. Mont. 2018). “§ 1540 (f), to promulgate implementing regulations, 50 C.F.R. §§ 23.1 - 23.92. These regulations include prohibitions on the import or export of CITES-listed animals, live or dead, whether whole or part, unless expressly authorized by valid CITES documents or specifically…”
United States v. 2,507 Live Canary Winged Parakeets, 689 F. Supp. 1106 (S.D. Fla. 1988). “50 C.F.R. section 23.1 (implementing Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species [hereinafter referred to as “CITES”]) and section 23.”
United States v. Lawson, 618 F. Supp. 2d 1251 (E.D. Wash. 2009). · cites it 2× “50 C.F.R. § 23.1 (a) (“[t]he regulations in [Part 23] implement the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora”).”
April in Paris v. Becerra (E.D. Cal. 2020). “50 C.F.R. § 23.1 . Thus, the 6 sale and delivery of Nile and saltwater crocodile skins in interstate commerce is expressly 7 allowed under the regulations without a permit, provided the seller complies with CITES.”
Louisiana Wildlife & Fisheries Comm'n v. Becerra (E.D. Cal. 2023). “, 50 C.F.R. §§ 23.1 (a), 23.20(e). CITES 13 governs international trade in products of many animal species.”
April in Paris v. Becerra (E.D. Cal. 2023). “, 50 C.F.R. §§ 23.1 (a), 23.20(e). CITES 13 governs international trade in products of many animal species.”
United States v. Grigsby (11th Cir. 1997). “See 50 C.F.R. § 23.1 (a) (1992) ("The regulations in this part implement the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, TIAS 8249.”
— 50 C.F.R. § 23.1(a) — 1 case
United States v. Lawson, 618 F. Supp. 2d 1251 (E.D. Wash. 2009). “50 C.F.R. § 23.1 (a) (“[t]he regulations in [Part 23] implement the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora”).”
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