Willie Ray Williams v. Wayne Scott, Dir., Texas Dep't of Crim. Just., Institutional Div., 35 F.3d 159 (5th Cir. 1994). · Go Syfert
Willie Ray Williams v. Wayne Scott, Dir., Texas Dep't of Crim. Just., Institutional Div., 35 F.3d 159 (5th Cir. 1994). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“a brady violation does not arise if the defendant, using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information”
72 citation events (35 in the last 25 years) across 13 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Anderson v. United States (txnd, 2024-04-23)
Treatment trajectory · 1994 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1994 2010 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 45 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Anderson v. United States
N.D. Tex. · 2024 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a brady violation does not arise if the defendant, using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Anderson v. United States
N.D. Tex. · 2024 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
a brady violation does not arise if the defendant, using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information
cited Cited as authority (rule) Class v. Director, TDCJ-CID
N.D. Tex. · 2024 · confidence medium
See Moawad v. Anderson, 143 F.3d 942, 948 (5th Cir. 1998); Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 164 (5th Cir. 1994); Yohey v. Collins, 985 F.2d 222, 228 (5th Cir. 1993).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Young v. United States
N.D. Tex. · 2024 · confidence medium
Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir. 1994); United States v. McKenzie, 768 F.2d 602, 608 (5th Cir. 1985).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Noor v. Andrewjeski
W.D. Wash. · 2023 · confidence medium
The Second, Fifth, and Eleventh Circuits appear to apply the stricter, “essential facts” standard from Cunningham, see, e.g., United States 22 v. Brown, 582 F.2d 197, 200 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 915 (1978); Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir. 1994); United States v. Griggs, 713 F.2d 672, 674 (11th Cir. 1983), while the Third and 23 Tenth Circuits appear to apply the looser, “no due diligence” standard from Amado.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State Of Washington, V Patrick James Edward Dockery
Wash. Ct. App. · 2018 · confidence medium
Further, “ ‘[a] Brady violation does not arise if the defendant, using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information’ at issue.” Benn, 134 Wn.2d at 916 (quoting Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir. 1994)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Carlos Ayestas v. William Stephens, Director
5th Cir. · 2016 · confidence medium
While the state was under an obligation to turn over such evidence in this case, there is no Brady violation if counsel, “using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information.” Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir.1994), Though Ayestas is not asserting a Brady claim, the fact that there would be no Brady violation unless Ayestas were reasonably diligent in discovering evidence suggests to us that any alleged failings on the part of the state in not turning over the memorandum do not mitigate Ayestas’s own responsibility to undertake a reasonably diligent investigation …
cited Cited as authority (rule) State Of Washington v. Charles R. Gotcher
Wash. Ct. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
Restraint of Benn, 134 Wn.2d 868, 916 , 952 P.2d 116 (1998) (quoting Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir.1994)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) State Of Washington v. Charles R. Gotcher
Wash. Ct. App. · 2016 · confidence medium
Restraint of Benn, 134 Wn.2d 868, 916 , 952 P.2d 116 (1998) (quoting Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir.1994)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Michael D. Tann v. United States (2×)
D.C. · 2015 · confidence medium
“Impeachment evidence is not material if the witness does not have knowledge of the underlying fact.” Ifelowo v. United States, 778 A.2d 285 , 295 n. 13 (D.C.2001) (quoting Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 162 (5th Cir.1994)); Blunt v. United States, 863 A.2d 828, 835 (D.C.2004) (“When evaluating the possibility of bias in adverse testimony, the objective likelihood of prosecution and the subjective intent of the government to prosecute are irrelevant[.] Rather,.it is the witness’ belief that prosecution is ppssible that can produce bias.”) (citations and internal quotation marks omit…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Roy Lee Gusman v. State
Tex. App. · 2010 · confidence medium
See Bell v. Bell , 512 F.3d 223, 234 (6th Cir. 2008) (holding "without an agreement, no evidence was suppressed, and the State's conduct, not disclosing something it did not have, cannot be considered a Brady violation."); Collier v. Davis , 301 F.3d 843, 850 (7th Cir. 2002) (holding "if there was no understanding, there was no impeachment evidence to disclose."); Abbott v. United States , 195 F.3d 946, 950 (7th Cir. 1999) (2000) (same); See also Gilday v. Callahan , 59 F.3d 257, 268-71 (1st Cir. 1995) (holding government's failure to disclose understanding between prosecutor and witness's att…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Lynn
Wash. Ct. App. · 2010 · confidence medium
App. 267, 270 , 76 P.3d 269 (2003) (citing Benn v. Lambert, 283 F.3d 1040, 1053 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 537 U.S. 942 (2002)). “ ‘A Brady violation does not arise if the defendant, using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information’ at issue.” In re Benn, 134 Wn.2d at 916 (quoting Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir. 1994)). ¶91 As we noted above, Berchtold’s affidavit indicates that had the defense called her as a witness, she would have testified that Frazier had told her that she and Sublett were planning to kill Totten.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) State v. Sublett
Wash. Ct. App. · 2010 · confidence medium
Restraint of Sherwood, 118 Wash.App. 267, 270 , 76 P.3d 269 (2003) (citing Benn v. Lambert, 283 F.3d 1040, 1053 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 537 U.S. 942 , 123 S.Ct. 341 , 154 L.Ed.2d 249 (2002)). "`A Brady violation does not arise if the defendant, using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information' at issue." In re Benn, 134 Wash.2d at 916 , 952 P.2d 116 (quoting Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir.1994)). ¶ 90 As we noted above, Berchtold's affidavit indicates that had the defense called her as a witness, she would have testified that Frazier had told her that she and Su…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Cunningham v. United States
D.C. · 2009 · confidence medium
Ifelowo v. United States, 778 A.2d 285 , 295 n. 13 (D.C.2001) (“Impeachment evidence is not material if the witness does not have knowledge of the underlying fact.”) (quoting Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 162 (5th Cir.1994) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Felix v. Government of the Virgin Islands
D.V.I. · 2005 · confidence medium
While we have uncovered no mandatory cases directly on point, we find analogous cases considered by other courts persuasive for the proposition that, because bias or motive must necessarily require knowledge of the basis for such bias, “Impeachment evidence is not material if the witness does not have knowledge of the underlying fact.” Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161-62 (5th Cir. 1994) (finding non-disclosure of witness’ plea agreement non-material for Giglio purposes, where agreement entered with defense counsel, and prosecutor also entered into agreement with counsel not to disclos…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Gutierrez v. Dretke
W.D. Tex. · 2005 · confidence medium
See Bigby v. Dretke, 402 F.3d 551, 574-75 (5th Cir.2005) (holding prosecutors had no duty under Brady to furnish petitioner’s trial counsel with copies of jail medical records showing the numerous psychotropic medications petitioner was taking while incarcerated awaiting trial because those records could have been obtained by petitioner’s counsel through the exercise of reasonable diligence), petition for cert. filed, (July 15, 2005) (No. 05-5390); Kutzner v. Cockrell, 303 F.3d 333, 336 (5th Cir.) (holding Brady does not obligate the State to furnish a defendant with exculpatory evidence t…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bass v. Dretke
5th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
II In a federal habeas appeal, this court reviews the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir.1994), “applying the same standard of review to the state court’s decision as the district court.” Beazley v. Johnson, 242 F.3d 248, 255 (5th Cir.2001) (quoting Thompson v. Cain, 161 F.3d 802, 805 (5th Cir.1998)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Keeter v. State (2×)
Tex. App. · 2003 · confidence medium
For example: • evidence of which the defense is already aware, Ex parte Russell, 738 S.W.2d 644, 646 (Tex.Crim.App.1986); Means v. State, 429 S.W.2d 490, 496 (Tex.Crim.App.1968); • documents the defendant failed to obtain when he failed to have executed a subpoena duces tecum he had caused to be issued, Jackson v. State, 562 S.W.2d 798, 804 (Tex.Crim.App.1976); • evidence of the existence of a witness known to exist by the state but whose identity and whereabouts were unknown to the state, Brown v. State, 513 S.W.2d 35, 36 (Tex.Crim.App.1974); • public records which defense counsel sho…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Finley v. Cockrell
5th Cir. · 2002 · confidence medium
Suppression of the Protective Order “A Brady violation does not arise if the defendant, using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information.” Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir. 1994) (citing United States v. Ramirez, 810 F.2d 1338, 1343 (5th Cir.)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Dinkins v. Cockrell
5th Cir. · 2002 · confidence medium
“Summary judgment is appropriate if the record discloses ‘that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.’” Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir. 1994) (quoting FED.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ifelowo v. United States (2×)
D.C. · 2001 · confidence medium
“Impeachment evidence is not material if the witness does not have knowledge of the underlying fact.” Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 162 (5th Cir.1994) (citations omitted).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rose v. Johnson
S.D. Tex. · 2001 · confidence medium
Evidence is not suppressed, however, if “ ‘the defendant either knew, or should have known, of the essential facts permitting him to take advantage of any exculpatory evidence.’ ” West, 92 F.3d at 1399 (quoting Lawrence v. Lensing, 42 F.3d 255, 257 (5th Cir.1994)); see Rector, 120 F.3d at 560 ; Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir.1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1137 , 115 S.Ct. 959 , 130 L.Ed.2d 901 (1995).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rose v. Johnson
S.D. Tex. · 2001 · confidence medium
Evidence is not suppressed, however, if "`the defendant either knew, or should have known, of the essential facts permitting him to take advantage of any exculpatory evidence.'" West, 92 F.3d at 1399 (quoting Lawrence v. Lensing, 42 F.3d 255, 257 (5th Cir.1994)); see Rector, 120 F.3d at 560 ; Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir.1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1137 , 115 S.Ct. 959 , 130 L.Ed.2d 901 (1995).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lewis v. Johnson
5th Cir. · 2000 · confidence medium
Entitlement to a full and fair evidentiary hearing 1 28 U.S.C. § 2254 . 2 Venegas v. Henman, 126 F.3d 760, 761 (5th Cir. 1997). 3 Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir. 1994). 3 Lewis claims that in the state and federal habeas courts he was denied the due process guaranteed to him under the Fourteenth Amendment.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Liles v. Johnson
5th Cir. · 2000 · confidence medium
Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir. 1994).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re Personal Restraint of Gentry
Wash. · 1999 · confidence medium
Letter Not Otherwise Obtainable As a fallback the majority would deny the condemned a fair trial by relying upon our statement in Benn that there is no Brady violation "`if the defendant, using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information' at issue." In re Personal Restraint Petition of Benn, 134 Wash.2d 868, 916 , 952 P.2d 116 (1998) (quoting Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir.1994)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In re the Personal Restraint Gentry
Wash. · 1999 · confidence medium
Letter Not Otherwise Obtainable As a fallback the majority would deny the condemned a fair trial by relying upon our statement in Benn that there is no Brady violation “ ‘if the defendant, using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information’ at issue.” In re Personal Restraint of Benn, 134 Wn.2d 868, 916 , 952 P.2d 116 (1998) (quoting Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir. 1994)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Matter of Personal Restraint of Benn
Wash. · 1998 · confidence medium
Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir.1994).
cited Cited as authority (rule) In re the Personal Restraint of Benn
Wash. · 1998 · confidence medium
Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir. 1994).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Cordova v. Johnson
W.D. Tex. · 1998 · confidence medium
Brady v. State of Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87 , 83 S.Ct. 1194, 1196-97 , 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963); Goodwin v. Johnson, 132 F.3d at 185; Kopycinski v. Scott 64 F.3d 223, 225 (5th Cir,1995); Allridge v. Scott, 41 F.3d at 217; and Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir.1994), cert, denied, 513 U.S. 1137 , 115 S.Ct. 959 , 130 L.Ed.2d 901 (1995). 206 .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Flores v. Johnson (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
W.D. Tex. · 1997 · confidence medium
See Lockhart v. Fretwell, 506 U.S. 364, 372 , 113 S.Ct. 838, 843 , 122 L.Ed.2d 180 (1993); Burger v. Kemp, 483 U.S. 776, 789 , 107 S.Ct. 3114, 3122 , 97 L.Ed.2d 638 (1987); Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. at 689 , 104 S.Ct. at 2065 ; United States v. Gaudet, 81 F.3d 585, 592 (5th Cir.1996); Belyeu v. Scott, 67 F.3d at 538 ; Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 164 (5th Cir.1994), ce rt. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 959 , 130 L.Ed.2d 901 (1995); Williams v. Collins, 16 F.3d 626, 631 (5th Cir.1994), cert. denied, 512 U.S. 1289 , 115 S.Ct. 42 , 129 L.Ed.2d 937 (1994); Loyd v. Whitley, 977 F.2d at …
examined Cited as authority (rule) Adanandus v. Johnson (3×) also: Cited "see"
W.D. Tex. · 1996 · confidence medium
S.Ct. at 2065; United States v. Gaudet, 81 F.3d 585, 592 (5th Cir.1996); Belyeu v. Scott, 67 F.3d at 538 ; Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 164 (5th Cir.1994), ce rt. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 959 , 130 L.Ed.2d 901 (1995); Williams v. Collins, 16 F.3d 626, 631 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 42 , 129 L.Ed.2d 937 (1994); Loyd v. Whitley, 977 F.2d at 156 ; Lincecum v. Collins, 958 F.2d at 1278 ; Wilkerson v. Collins, 950 F.2d at 1064 ; McInerney v. Puckett, 919 F.2d 350, 353 (5th Cir.1990); Ellis v. Lynaugh, 873 F.2d at 839 ; Green v. Lynaugh, 868 F.2d 176, 178 (5th Cir.), cert.…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Edward L. Teague v. Wayne Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division
5th Cir. · 1995 · confidence medium
With respect to all of Teague’s other claims, the district court’s grant of summary judgment is AFFIRMED. 1 . 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (d); Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir.1994), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 959 , 130 L.Ed.2d 901 (1995).
cited Cited as authority (rule) James v. Whitley
5th Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Id. at 206 ; Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir.1994).
discussed Cited "see" Temple, David Mark
Tex. App. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See and cf. Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5TH Cir. 1994)(holding Brady violation does not arise if defendant could have obtained information with due diligence; holding Brady not violated where 74 prosecutor gave defense summary of witness’s statement – who did not testify at trial – that included cross reference to her written statement). 5b.
cited Cited "see" Reneau v. Cockrell
5th Cir. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
See Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir. 1994).
cited Cited "see" Proctor v. Cockrell
5th Cir. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
See Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir.1994). 16 .
discussed Cited "see" McCloud v. United States
D.C. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Ifelowo, supra, slip op. at 31 n. 13 (“Impeachment evidence is not material if the witness does not have knowledge of the underlying fact,” quoting Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 162 (5th Cir.1994)).
discussed Cited "see" Coulson v. Johnson (2×)
5th Cir. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir. 1994).
cited Cited "see" Max Alexander Soffar v. Gary L. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division
5th Cir. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir.1994).
discussed Cited "see" Satterwhite v. Johnson
5th Cir. · 2000 · signal: see · confidence high
See Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir. 1994); United States v. Ellender, 947 F.2d 748, 757 (5th Cir. 1991)(stating that an inmate’s prison records do not qualify as Brady materials because they are not suppressed by the prosecution, and the defendant can easily gain access to them through the exercise of reasonable diligence).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Rippo v. State
Nev. · 1997 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 163 (5th Cir.) (Brady claim fails where appellant could have obtained exculpatory statement through reasonable diligence), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1137 (1995); United States v. Dupuy, 760 F.2d 1492 , 1501 n.5 (9th Cir. 1985) (“if the means of obtaining the exculpatory evidence has been provided to the defense, the Brady claim fails”); United States v. Griggs, 713 F.2d 672, 674 (11th Cir. 1983) (where prosecution disclosed identity of witness, it was within the defendant’s knowledge to have ascertained the alleged Brady material); United States v.…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Colbert v. NH State Prison
D.N.H. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence medium
P. 81(a)(2); see also Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir. 1994), cert, denied, 115 S. C t . 959 (1995) . 6 ANALYSIS Colbert's petition focuses on the trial court's decision to replace the ill juror with an alternate during the jury's deliberation.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Jaroma v. Cunningham
D.N.H. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence medium
P. 81(a)(2); see also Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir. 1994), cert, denied, 115 S. C t . 959 (1995) . 5 the state's motion for summary judgment and Jaroma's response in light of the applicable summary judgment standard and also restates Jaroma's claims where necessary.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Krupula v. State of NH
D.N.H. · 1995 · signal: see also · confidence medium
P. 81(a)(2); see also Williams v. Scott, 35 F.3d 159, 161 (5th Cir. 1994), cert, denied, 115 S. C t . 959 (1995) . 4 should be denied because he has not exhausted his state court remedies.
Willie Ray WILLIAMS, Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
Wayne SCOTT, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division, Respondent-Appellee
94-20375.
Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
Nov 3, 1994.
35 F.3d 159
Joseph A. Garnett, Marjorie C. Bell, McFall & Sartwelle, Houston, TX, for appellant., James Byron Matthews, Dan Morales, Atty. Gen., Austin, TX, for appellee.
Davis, Jones, Duhé.
Cited by 63 opinions  |  Published
DUHÉ, Circuit Judge:

Appellant Willie Ray Williams, a Texas death row inmate, appeals the denial of his petition for writ of habeas corpus. The district court stayed Williams’s execution, granted summary judgment in favor of the State, and granted Williams a Certificate of Probable Cause for appeal. We affirm the summary judgment and vacate the stay of execution.

BACKGROUND

Willie Ray Williams and Jo Jo Nichols robbed a convenience store. During the robbery, Williams murdered Claude Schaffer Jr. by shooting him in the back with a pistol while he was in a squatting position behind the counter. Houston police arrested Williams three days later, at which time he voluntarily confessed to the murder.

Williams pleaded guilty to capital murder. At the punishment hearing, Viola Ferguson testified for the prosecution. She identified Williams as having committed an armed robbery of a Taco Bell just four days before the murder. [1] Williams then testified in his defense. He admitted the Taco Bell robbery, and that he had earned an automatic weapon during that holdup. He denied committing any other armed robberies. Charlotte Parker, Williams former girlfriend, testified for the prosecution in rebuttal. She stated that Williams had committed two other armed robberies before the murder and two more afterwards. She admitted accompanying him on two of those occasions. The jury answered the special issues in the affirmative. [2] The court then sentenced Williams to death.

Williams filed this petition for writ of habe-as corpus after exhausting his state remedies of direct appeal and habeas corpus. He raises due process issues under Giglio and Brady, and a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.

DISCUSSION

Summary judgment is appropriate if the record discloses “that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Weyant v. Acceptance Ins. Co., 917 F.2d 209, 212 (5th Cir.1990). We consider all the facts contained in the summary judgment record and the inferences to be drawn therefrom in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Id. Nevertheless, in the review of a petition for writ of habeas corpus, we presume all state court findings of fact to be correct in the absence of clear and convincing evidence. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d) (1988); Collins v. Green, 505 F.2d 22, 23 (5th Cir.1974).

I. Giglio claim.

Appellant contends that the State violated his right to due process under Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150, 92 S.Ct. 763, 31 L.Ed.2d 104 (1972). Giglio requires the disclosure of material evidence affecting the credibility of a witness. Id. at 154, 92 S.Ct. at 766. The prosecution failed to disclose a plea agreement made with Parker’s counsel.[*162] A condition of' the agreement required Parker’s counsel not to communicate the agreement to Parker before she testified. The district court found Parker’s testimony to be relevant to special issue number two (Williams’s continuing threat to society). Appellant asserts that the nondisclosed plea agreement is material impeachment evidence, and that failure to disclose it is a due process violation.

The district court determined that nondisclosure of the plea agreement was immaterial because Parker was unaware of the agreement. Evidence is “material” if “there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result would have been different.” United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 682, 105 S.Ct. 3375, 3383, 87 L.Ed.2d 481 (1985). Impeachment evidence is not material if the witness does not have knowledge of the underlying fact. United States v. Nixon, 881 F.2d 1305, 1309 (5th Cir.1989); see also Willhoite v. Vasquez, 921 F.2d 247, 249 (9th Cir.1990). On state habeas review, the court found that Parker had no knowledge of the plea agreement. We presume that finding to be correct since Appellant has offered no evidence within one of the eight exceptions to 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d) to refute the finding.

Appellant relies on Burkhalter v. State, 493 S.W.2d 214, 218 (Tex.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 1000, 94 S.Ct. 354, 38 L.Ed.2d 236 (1973), for the proposition that the witness’s knowledge of the plea bargain is unnecessary. We disagree. The Texas court held that the prosecution’s non-disclosure of an immunity agreement with the witness’s attorney violated the defendant’s due process rights. Id. at 219. In Burkhal-ter, however, the witness “was not completely in the dark” as to the existence of an agreement; “a very real inference not to prosecute” existed. [3] Id. at 217. In contrast, the state court hearing Appellant’s habeas petition found that Parker was unaware of any agreement between the state and her attorney, and the record fully supports that finding.

Williams also argues in effect that had he known of a plea agreement, he could have argued with more force that Parker expected to benefit from her testimony. We are unable to say that Williams’s argument has absolutely no merit. If Williams’s counsel had known of the agreement between Parker’s attorney and the prosecutor, counsel may have more effectively argued that Parker’s lawyer had consciously or unconsciously telegraphed to her that a deal had been made. However, we are persuaded in this case that the marginal benefit Williams would have obtained from this additional fact would not have changed the outcome of the punishment hearing. Williams’s attorney vigorously cross-examined Parker about her motives for testifying. [4] Williams, through[*163] his cross-examination of Parker, strongly argued that she was expecting compensation from the prosecutor in the form of leniency after Williams’s trial was over.

In sum, Parker’s ignorance of the agreement substantially reduced its impeachment value. Although disclosure to the jury that the prosecutor had made this concession had some marginal impeachment value, we are persuaded that under the facts presented here its non-disclosure did not affect the jury’s verdict. For that reason, Williams’s Giglio claim must fail. [5]

II. Brady Claim

Appellant also contends that the State violated his due process rights under Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963). Brady requires the prosecution to disclose all exculpatory evidence that is material to guilt or punishment. Id. at 87, 83 S.Ct. at 1196-97. Cindy Ann Johnson was an eyewitness to the robbery, but did not testify at the punishment hearing. The prosecution gave the defense a summary of her statement that included a cross reference to her full written statement. [6] Defense counsel never checked the full written statement, which suggested that the victim may have provoked Williams relevant to special issue number three.

A Brady violation does not arise if the defendant, using reasonable diligence, could have obtained the information. United States v. Ramirez, 810 F.2d 1338, 1343 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 844, 108 S.Ct. 136, 98 L.Ed.2d 93 (1987). The state court conducting habeas review found that Appellant could have obtained Johnson’s written statement. We presume that finding to be correct. Because Appellant could have obtained the exculpatory statement through reasonable diligence, his Brady claim fails,

III. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

Appellant contends that his appointed counsel did not effectively represent him. To prove ineffective assistance of counsel, Appellant must show that his counsel’s performance was deficient and that the deficient performance prejudiced his defense. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 5.Ct. 2052, 2064, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). Appellant raises his Sixth Amendment claim on three fronts: (1) counsel should have reviewed Johnson’s full written statement; (2) counsel conducted a faulty voir dire; (3) counsel should not have recommended pleading guilty.

Appellant’s claim pertaining to Johnson’s statement fails for lack of prejudice. A showing of prejudice requires “a reasonable probability that, but for the counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Id. at 696, 104 S.Ct. at 2069. Johnson testified at the trial of Williams’s co-conspirator, Joseph Nichols. The state court conducting habeas review found that her testimony contradicted her written statement. Furthermore, Johnson testified that her prior written statement was incorrect. Appellant has not provided any evidence to prove that Johnson’s testimony would have been different had she testified at Williams’s trial. The addition of Johnson’s testimony does not create a reasonable probability that the result of the trial would have been different.

Appellant also contends that his counsel’s failure to voir dire prospective jurors on the difference between “deliberately” and[*164] “intentionally” rises to ineffective assistance of counsel. Deliberately is the intent element in special issue number one; intentionally is the intent element for capital murder. Deliberately is the higher standard. See Heckert v. State, 612 S.W.2d 549, 552-53 (Tex.Crim.App.1981). Thus, Williams could plead guilty and still contest special issue number one.

In determining whether an attorney’s performance is deficient, we must avoid the distortion of hindsight. We must evaluate the challenged conduct from counsel’s perspective at the time. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689, 104 S.Ct. at 2065. Voir dire occurred on January 21-22,1981. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals decided Heckert on February 25, 1981. Thus, at the time of voir dire, no definite distinction between deliberately and intentionally had been authoritatively expressed. From counsel’s perspective at the time, counsel’s performance at voir dire was not deficient.

Finally, Appellant contends that his counsel’s advice to plead guilty was faulty because the guilty plea foreclosed any argument on special issue number one. Appellant now claims that his best defense was lack of intent; by pleading guilty he surrendered any opportunity to contest intent at trial' or at the punishment hearing. For Appellant to succeed on his claim, he must show a reasonable probability that one juror would have agreed with him on special issue number one. [7] The evidence of intent against Williams, however, was overwhelming. Williams voluntarily confessed to the murder. Dolly Jefferson testified that she entered the store at the same time as Williams and Nichols. After she left, she heard a gunshot and saw Williams run from the store carrying a tin box, which was the cash register’s coin box. Two or three other witnesses not called by the prosecution at the punishment hearing would have placed Williams at the scene of the crime. Williams’s own testimony, given during cross examination, showed that he shot Schaffer in the back while he was in a squatting position behind the counter. Williams’s proposed testimony on his lack of intent which he now argues he was precluded from giving does not undermine confidence in the jury’s decision on special issue number one. His ineffective assistance of counsel claim fails for lack of prejudice.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the district court’s grant of Summary Judgment is AFFIRMED and its Stay of Execution is VACATED.

1

. Williams was also convicted of theft in 1977.

2

. The court submitted the following special issues to the jury: "(1) Whether the conduct of the defendant that caused the death of the deceased was committed deliberately and with the reasonable expectation that the death of the deceased or other would result; (2) whether there is a probability that the defendant would commit criminal acts of violence that would constitute a continuing threat to society; and (3) if raised by the evidence, whether the conduct of the defendant in killing the deceased was unreasonable in response to provocation, if any, by the deceased.” Tex.Crim.Proc.Code Ann. art. 37.-071(b) (1981) (amended 1991).

3

. In Campbell v. Reed, 594 F.2d 4, 7 (4th Cir.1979), the Fourth Circuit did not require a witness to have knowledge of the exact terms of the agreement to find a due process violation. The witness, however, “well knew that such an agreement did exist.” Id.

4

. During cross-examination, Parker was asked:

Q. [W]hat are you charged with in [this capital murder case]?
A. Resisting arrest; misdemeanor.
Q. I beg your pardon? You are not charged with capital murder?
A. No, sir.
Q. You are not charged with a murder?
A. No, sir.
Q. You are not charged with aggravated robbery?
A. Not in the murder case, no.
‡ # >k $ $ $
Q. What has the District Attorney promised you to take the stand today and tell these stories?
A. He hasn't promised me anything.
Q. But, you haven't been charged ... with capital murder, murder, robbery, aggravated robbery, or anything? Right? You have been charged with a misdemeanor? * * * * * }•
Q. You don't want to go to the penitentiary, do you?
A. I don’t think nobody wants to go to the penitentiary.
Q. And you would say anything in the world to this jury to save yourself in this particular case, wouldn't you?

R. Vol. Ill at 657-62.

5

. Our conclusion is further supported by the testimony of Joe Cannon, Williams's lead counsel at the punishment hearing, who testified at Williams's state habeas hearing. Cannon referred to Parker as "a former girl friend who tried to tie [Williams] into two or three robberies and we managed to nullify the examination.” When Cannon talked to some jurors afterwards, he noted that "they didn’t pay any attention to [Parker]. They considered her an angry girl friend.” Rather, it was Ferguson’s testimony about Williams's armed robbery committed a few days before the murder that Cannon thought "was so critical and fatal to us.” Writ Hearing R. at 70-71.

6

. The summary stated: "She was behind the counter, observed the suspects enter the store, order beer and corn dog then pull the guns and shoot the complainant. Can identify two suspects. For details see written statement."

7

. The Texas capital sentencing scheme requires a unanimous vote by the jurors on the special issues to apply a death sentence. Tex.Crim.Proc. Code Ann. art. 37.071(d).