Leary v. Craspsey, 566 F.2d 863 (2d Cir. 1977). · Go Syfert
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Leary v. Craspsey, 566 F.2d 863 (2d Cir. 1977). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
83 citation events (2 in the last 25 years) across 30 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Three Rivers Center for Independent Living, Inc. v. Housing Authority (ca3, 2004-08-30)
Treatment trajectory · 1977 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1977 2001 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 32 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Three Rivers Center for Independent Living, Inc. v. Housing Authority
3rd Cir. · 2004 · confidence medium
Auth., 548 F.2d 1277, 1280-81 (7th Cir.1977); Kampmeier v. Nyquist, 553 F.2d 296, 299 (2d Cir.1977) (following Lloyd); United Handicapped Fed’n v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 , 415 (8th Cir.1977) (following Lloyd); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir.1977); Davis v. Southeastern Cmty. Coll., 574 F.2d 1158, 1159 (4th Cir.1978) (following Lloyd), rev’d on other grounds, 442 U.S. 397 , 99 S.Ct. 2361 , 60 L.Ed.2d 980 (1979); NAACP v. Med.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Three Rivers Center For Independent Living, Inc. v. Housing Authority Of The City Of Pittsburgh
3rd Cir. · 2004 · confidence medium
Auth., 548 F.2d 1277, 1280-81 (7th Cir.1977); Kampmeier v. Nyquist, 553 F.2d 296, 299 (2d Cir.1977) (following Lloyd ); United Handicapped Fed'n v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 , 415 (8th Cir.1977) (following Lloyd ); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir.1977); Davis v. Southeastern Cmty. Coll., 574 F.2d 1158, 1159 (4th Cir.1978) (following Lloyd ), rev'd on other grounds, 442 U.S. 397 , 99 S.Ct. 2361 , 60 L.Ed.2d 980 (1979); NAACP v. Med.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Larry v. Riles
9th Cir. · 1986 · confidence medium
Private rights of action are recognized under Title VI, see, e.g., Lau v. Nichols, 414 U.S. 563 , 94 S.Ct. 786 , 39 L.Ed.2d 1 (1974); see also Cannon v. University of Chicago, 441 U.S. 677 , 99 S.Ct. 1946 , 60 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979) (Title IX), and under the Rehabilitation Act, see Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277, 1285 (7th Cir.1977); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir.1977) 4 28 U.S.C.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Larry P. v. Riles
9th Cir. · 1984 · confidence medium
Private rights of action are recognized under Title VI, see, e.g., Lau v. Nichols, 414 U.S. 563 , 94 S.Ct. 786 , 39 L.Ed.2d 1 (1974); see also Cannon v. University of Chicago, 441 U.S. 677 , 99 S.Ct. 1946 , 60 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979) (Title IX), and under the Rehabilitation Act. see Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277, 1285 (7th Cir.1977); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir.1977). . 28 U.S.C. § 2281 provided: “An interlocutory or permanent injunction restraining the enforcement, operation or execution of any State statute by restraining the action of any officer of…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hurry Ex Rel. Hurry v. Jones
D.R.I. · 1983 · confidence medium
As noted in Turillo v. Tyson, 535 F.Supp. 577, 584 (D.R.I.1982), however, “[e]very appellate court deciding this question has found a private cause of action to enforce § 504.” E.g., Miener v. Missouri, 673 F.2d 969, 973 (8th Cir.1982), cert. denied, -U.S.-, 103 S.Ct. 215 , 230, 74 L.Ed.2d 171 (1983); Pushkin v. Regents of University of Colorado, 658 F.2d 1372 , 1378 (10th Cir.1981); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir.1977).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Rhea Dopico v. Neil E. Goldschmidt, Disabled in Action v. Neil E. Goldschmidt (6×) also: Cited "see", Cited "see, e.g."
2d Cir. · 1982 · confidence medium
While conceding that current interpretations of section 504 hold that it supports a private right of action, see, e.g., Baker v. Bell, 630 F.2d 1046, 1055 (5th Cir. 1980); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977) (per curiam); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413, 415 (8th Cir. 1977); Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277, 1284-87 (7th Cir. 1977), defendants argued, and the District Court held, that section 504 does not permit the relief plaintiffs seek here.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Jane Doe v. New York University
2d Cir. · 1981 · confidence medium
Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977); Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277 (7th Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 (8th Cir. 1977).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Doe v. New York University
2d Cir. · 1981 · confidence medium
Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977); Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277 (7th Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 (8th Cir. 1977).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Doe v. New York University
S.D.N.Y. · 1981 · confidence medium
See Kling v. County of Los Angeles, 633 F.2d 876, 878 (9th Cir. 1980); N.A.A.C.P. v. Medical Center, Inc., 599 F.2d 1247, 1258 (3d Cir. 1979); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Doe v. Syracuse School District
N.D.N.Y. · 1981 · confidence medium
Davis v. Southeastern Community College, 574 F.2d 1158, 1159 (4th Cir. 1978), rev’d on other grounds, 442 U.S. 397 , 99 S.Ct. 2361 , 60 L.Ed.2d 980 (1979); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Fed’n v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 , 415 (8th Cir. 1977); Lloyd v. Regional Transp.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Levine v. STATE, DEPT. OF INSTITUTIONS & AGENCIES
N.J. · 1980 · confidence medium
See, e. g., Camenisch v. University of Texas, 616 F.2d 127, 130-131 (5 Cir. 1980); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2 Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413, 415 (8 Cir. 1977); Poole v. South Plainfield Board of Educ., 490 F.Supp. 948, 949 (D.N.J.1980); see also Note, “Accommodating the Handicapped: Rehabilitation Section 504 After Southeastern," 80 Colum.L.Rev. 171 (1980).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Patton Ex Rel. Lewis v. Dumpson
S.D.N.Y. · 1980 · confidence medium
See, e. g., Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277 (7th Cir. 1977); Kampmeier v. Nyquist, 533 F.2d 296, 299 (2d Cir. 1977); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977); Whitaker v. Board of Higher Education, 461 F.Supp. 99 (E.D.N.Y.1978); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 (8th Cir. 1977); Davis v. Southeastern Community College, 574 F.2d 1158 (4th Cir. 1978), rev’d on other grounds, 442 U.S. 397 , 99 S.Ct. 2361 , 60 L.Ed.2d 980 (1979); Barnes v. Converse College, 436 F.Supp. 635, 638 (D.S.C. 1977); Hairston v. Drosick, 423 F.Supp. 180 (S.D.W.Va.19…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Chaplin v. Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc. (2×)
S.D.N.Y. · 1980 · confidence medium
See, e. g., Campbell v. Kruse, 434 U.S. 808 , 98 S.Ct. 38 , 54 L.Ed.2d 65 (1977); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977); Kampmeier v. Nyquist, 553 F.2d 296, 299 (2d Cir. 1977); Lloyd v. Regional Transp.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Larry P. v. Riles
N.D. Cal. · 1979 · confidence medium
Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, supra; Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863,865 (2d Cir. 1977); Davis v. Southeastern Community College, 574 F.2d 1158, 1159 (4th Cir. 1978), rev’d on other grounds, 442 U.S. 397 , 99 S.Ct. 2361 , 60 L.Ed.2d 980 (1979); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 (8th Cir. 1977).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hart v. County of Alameda
N.D. Cal. · 1979 · confidence medium
NAACP v. Medical Center, Inc., 599 F.2d 1247 , 1258 (3d Cir. 1979); Davis v. Southeastern Community College, 574 F.2d 1158, 1159 (4th Cir. 1978), rev’d on other grounds, 442 U.S. 397 , 99 S.Ct. 2361 , 60 L.Ed.2d 980 (1979); Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, supra; Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977); Kampmeier v. Nyquist, 553 F.2d 296, 299 (2d Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413, 415 (8th Cir. 1977); see also, Whitaker v. Board of Higher Education, 461 F.Supp. 99, 106-109 (E.D.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Doe v. Colautti
3rd Cir. · 1979 · confidence medium
Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977) (per curiam); Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277 (7th Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413, 415 (8th Cir. 1977).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Doe v. Colautti
3rd Cir. · 1979 · confidence medium
Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977) (per curiam); Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277 (7th Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413, 415 (8th Cir. 1977).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Boxall v. Sequoia Union High School District
N.D. Cal. · 1979 · confidence medium
See Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277 (7th Cir. 1977) (class action by mobility-disabled persons seeking to make public transportation accessible to them); Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977) (private action by mobility handicapped class); Davis v. Southeastern Community College, 574 F.2d 1158, 1159 (4th Cir. 1978) (deaf individual challenging denial of admission to nursing school); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 (8th Cir. 1977) (class action by mobility handicapped).
cited Cited "see" Chatoff v. WEST PUBLISHING COMPANY
E.D.N.Y · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See Doe v. New York Univ., 666 F.2d 761 , 774 (2d Cir.1981) (citing Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863 (2d Cir.1977)); 28 C.F.R. § 35.172 (b) (“At any time, the complainant may file a private suit____”).
cited Cited "see" Hogarth v. Thornburgh
S.D.N.Y. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir.1977).
cited Cited "see" Chaplin v. Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc.
S.D.N.Y. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863 (2d Cir. 1977). 24 . 639 F.2d 908 (2d Cir.1981). 25 .
discussed Cited "see" Jennings v. Alexander
6th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863 (2d Cir. 1977) (per curiam); N.A.A.C.P. v. The Medical Center, Inc., 599 F.2d 1247 (3d Cir.1979), aff’d., 657 F.2d 1322 (3d Cir.1981) (en banc); Davis v. Southeastern Community College, 574 F.2d 1158 (4th Cir.1978), rev’d on other grounds, 442 U.S. 397 , 99 S.Ct. 2361 , 60 L.Ed.2d 980 (1979); Camenisch v. University of Texas, 616 F.2d 127 (5th Cir.1980), cert, granted, 449 U.S. 950 , 101 S.Ct. 352 , 66 L.Ed.2d 213 , vacated, 451 U.S. 390 , 101 S.Ct. 1830 , 68 L.Ed.2d 175 (1981); Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277 (7th Cir. 1977); Un…
cited Cited "see" Naughton v. Bevilacqua
D.R.I. · 1978 · signal: accord · confidence high
Accord Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863 (2d Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 (8th Cir. 1977). 4 B.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Marisol A. by Next Friend Forbes v. Giuliani
S.D.N.Y. · 1996 · signal: see also · confidence medium
Dopico v. Goldschmidt, 687 F.2d 644, 652 (2d Cir.1982); see also Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir.1977); Rothschild v. Grottenthaler, 716 F.Supp. 796, 800 (S.D.N.Y.1989).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Moxley v. Vernot
S.D. Ohio · 1982 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Philipp v. Carey, 517 F.Supp. 513 (N.D.N.Y.1981) (district court bound by Second Circuit decision in Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863 (2d Cir.1977) decided prior to 1978 amendment adding limitation of Title VI); 4 Hutchings v. Erie City and County, etc., 516 F.Supp. 1265 (W.D.Pa.1981) (relying on pre-1978 authority); Hart v. County of Alameda, 485 F.Supp. 66 (N.D.Cal.1979) (relying on pre-1978 authority).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Gregg B. v. Board of Education of Lawrence School District
E.D.N.Y · 1982 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863 (2d Cir. 1977); Kampmeier v. Nyquist, 553 F.2d 296 (2d Cir. 1977).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Philipp v. Carey
N.D.N.Y. · 1981 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e. g, Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977); Kampmeier v. Nyquist, 553 F.2d 296, 299 (2d Cir. 1977).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Clinton C. Simpson v. Reynolds Metals Company, Inc.
7th Cir. · 1980 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e. g., Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413, 415 (8th Cir. 1977). 5 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Halderman v. Pennhurst State School & Hospital
3rd Cir. · 1979 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863 (2d Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 (8th Cir. 1977); Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277 (7th Cir. 1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Halderman v. Pennhurst State School & Hospital
3rd Cir. · 1979 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., Leary v. Crap-sey, 566 F.2d 863 (2d Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 (8th Cir. 1977); Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277 (7th Cir. 1977).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Upshur v. Love
N.D. Cal. · 1979 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e. g., Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863 (2 Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 (8 Cir. 1977); Kampmeier v. Nyquist, 553 F.2d 296 (2 Cir. 1977); Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277 (7 Cir. 1977). 20 Although the Court would normally rule on such an issue before proceeding to the merits of the claim, the Court is persuaded that in this instance the wisest course to follow is that taken by the Supreme Court in Davis , for, as in Davis , plaintiff here has not established that a violation of Section 504 occurred.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Doe Ex Rel. Doe v. Colautti
E.D. Pa. · 1978 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e. g., Leary v. Crapsey, 566 F.2d 863, 865 (2d Cir. 1977) (per curiam); United Handicapped Fed’n v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 , 415 (8th Cir. 1977) ; Lloyd v. Regional Transp.
Donna Leary, James Leary, Bernice Henriksen, Mary Jane Wagner, Charles Smith, Frances Agnello, Joseph Parella, Willie Mathis, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Phoenix Unlimited, an Unincorporated Association
v.
Hetty Jean Crapsey, Harold A. Shay, James White, John J. Petrossi, Dwight Van Devate, Thomas E. McGrath Robert D. Waterman, William E. Hanson, Individually and in Their Official Capacity as Commissioners of the Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority, John Garrity, Individually and in His Official Capacity as Resident Manager of the Regional Transit Service, Inc., William T. Coleman, Jr., Individually and in His Capacity as Secretary of the United States Department of Transportation, Robert E. Patricelli, Individually and in His Capacity as Administrator of the United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration, and Their Agents, Employees, Successors in Office, Assistants and All Persons Acting in Concert or Cooperation With Them or at Their Direction or Under Their Control
106.
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Dec 13, 1977.
566 F.2d 863
Cited by 4 opinions  |  Published

566 F.2d 863

Donna LEARY, James Leary, Bernice Henriksen, Mary Jane
Wagner, Charles Smith, Frances Agnello, Joseph Parella,
Willie Mathis, Individually and on behalf of all others
similarly situated, Phoenix Unlimited, an unincorporated
association, Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
Hetty Jean CRAPSEY, Harold A. Shay, James White, John J.
Petrossi, Dwight Van DeVate, Thomas E. McGrath, Robert D.
Waterman, William E. Hanson, Individually and in their
official capacity as Commissioners of the Rochester-Genesee
Regional Transportation Authority, John Garrity,
Individually and in his official capacity as Resident
Manager of the Regional Transit Service, Inc., William T.
Coleman, Jr., Individually and in his capacity as Secretary
of the United States Department of Transportation, Robert E.
Patricelli, Individually and in his capacity as
Administrator of the United States Urban Mass Transportation
Administration, and their agents, employees, successors in
office, assistants and all persons acting in concert or
cooperation with them or at their direction or under their
control, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 106, Docket 77-6072.

United States Court of Appeals,
Second Circuit.

Argued Oct. 31, 1977.
Decided Dec. 13, 1977.

Peter D. Braun, Rochester, N. Y. (Monroe County Legal Assistance Corp., Marianne Artusio, Rochester, N. Y., of counsel), for plaintiffs-appellants.

William K. Dorr, Rochester, N. Y. (Harris, Beach, Wilcox, Rubin & Levey, Rochester, N. Y., of counsel), for local defendants-appellees.

Glenn F. Wasserman, Atty. Advisor, Rochester, N. Y. (Richard J. Arcara, U. S. Atty., W. D. N. Y., Buffalo, N. Y., Gerald J. Houlihan, Asst. U. S. Atty., Rochester, N. Y., Robert W. Batchelder, Acting Asst. Chief Counsel, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washington, D. C., of counsel), for federal defendants-appellees.

Before FEINBERG, OAKES and GURFEIN, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

[*~863]1

The eight individual plaintiffs in this class action each suffer from severe physical handicaps; seven are confined to wheel chairs and the other must use crutches.[1] All plaintiffs appeal from a decision of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York granting summary judgment to defendants, various federal and local officials who are responsible for, or administer, mass transportation programs in the area of Rochester, New York. The complaint was filed in July 1976 and alleged that defendants' failure to provide plaintiffs an accessible bus transportation system violated the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended, 49 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq., and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 794, and various constitutional rights of plaintiffs. The complaint sought equitable and declaratory relief and damages.

2

The district judge, after enjoining discovery, granted summary judgment to defendants in March 1977, and dismissed the action. The judge's brief opinion held in conclusory fashion that defendants had not violated any federal statutory or constitutional provisions and that the action was barred by the doctrines of laches, primary jurisdiction and failure to exhaust administrative remedies. This appeal followed.

[*~864]3

In the district court, defendants took the position that section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act did not create a private cause of action, a view which the district court apparently accepted sub silentio.[2] In this court, however, defendants concede that mobility-handicapped persons, who are denied the use of a public transportation system, do have a private cause of action under section 504.[3] The concession is well warranted. See Lloyd v. Regional Transportation Authority, 548 F.2d 1277 (7th Cir. 1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 (8th Cir. 1977); Vanko v. Finley, No. C76-1305, 440 F.Supp. 656 (N.D.Ohio 1977); see also Kampmeier v. Nyquist, 553 F.2d 296, 299 (2d Cir. 1977). Defendants do not, however, concede that the facts in this case warrant the conclusion that defendants have violated plaintiffs' rights. Indeed, defendants overwhelm us with a wealth of information regarding the bus transportation system in Rochester, the relevant applications by the local defendants for federal funding and the details of subsequent administrative proceedings thereon, the applicable statutes and regulations, the state of technology regarding the manufacture of buses designed to aid the mobility-handicapped,[4] and the efforts of the local and federal defendants to meet various federal requirements, none of which was discussed in the summary disposition of the trial court. We are also told that two of the applications that plaintiffs attack are somewhere in the administrative process of the UMTA.[5] However, the district court opinion fails to inform us what has delayed action upon these applications[6] and whether the specific aid applied for is consistent with the newest regulations promulgated by the UMTA.[7] Appellees stress that these regulations were brought to the attention of the district court, but we cannot tell whether the judge considered them nowhere does the opinion analyze the "special efforts" of the local defendants in planning for the needs of the handicapped, which these regulations require.

4

In light of the above and since the two pending applications are part of the overall planning of the transportation system complained of, we think it appropriate to remand this case for a detailed examination[8] of the local defendants' special efforts, taking into consideration the new regulations and the development of Transbus. See United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, 558 F.2d 413 (8th Cir. 1977) (remand for failure to consider new regulations). Additionally, the district court may retain jurisdiction of this case pending final UMTA action on the applications still before it, cf. Bartels v. Biernat, 427 F.Supp. 226, 233 (E.D.Wis.1977), and if this action is found to be unduly delayed, the district court may compel agency action under the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. § 706(1). Furthermore, we hope that close supervision of this action by the district court may bring about a plan which effectively deals with the needs of the handicapped in Rochester and is acceptable to all sides.[9]

[*~865]5

The judgment of the court below is reversed and the case remanded to the district court for further proceedings.

1

Plaintiff Phoenix Unlimited is an unincorporated association, composed of physically handicapped persons, and is dedicated to advocating the rights of the handicapped

2

The court made no explicit mention of this statute

3

Federal defendants expressly concede this point and local defendants do not appear to contest it

4

This information includes both the outfitting of existing conventional buses with devices, such as nonskid surfaces, stanchions, and grab rails, designed to aid the handicapped, see also 49 C.F.R. § 609.15, as amended, 42 Fed.Reg. 9655 (1977), and special buses, such as "Transbus," the name given to low-floored, ramped buses meeting Urban Mass Transit Administration (UMTA) specifications. Such buses easily accommodate wheel chair users and generally meet the needs of the physically handicapped. We are informed that on May 19, 1977, Secretary of Transportation Adams mandated Transbus for all bus procurements utilizing UMTA capital assistance funds after September 30, 1979

5

According to the briefs in this court, the local defendants in April 1974 submitted one application involving a five year improvement program. (Project No. NY-03-0064). The UMTA approved two years of the program and encouraged reapplication for the other buses. The local defendants filed a new application, which was subsequently divided into two parts (Project Nos. NY-03-0064-02 and NY-05-0003)

6

The resubmitted application was dated August 28, 1975, indicating that the applications in one form or another have been pending for over two years

7

See 23 C.F.R. § 450 Subpart A (App. B), as amended, 41 Fed.Reg. 18235 (1976); 49 C.F.R. § 609.15, as amended, 41 Fed.Reg. 45842 (1976) and 42 Fed.Reg. 9655 (1977); and 49 C.F.R. §§ 613.100 et seq

8

See, e. g., Vanko v. Finley, No. C76-1305, 440 F.Supp. 656 (N.D.Ohio 1977). We express no view on whether the defendants' special efforts, including the pending applications, comply with the regulations. However, this analysis should take into consideration the emerging case law interpreting these regulations. See, e. g., id.; Bartels v. Biernat, 427 F.Supp. 226 (E.D.Wis.1977); United Handicapped Federation v. Andre, supra

9

Appellees also urge upon us the district court's alternative holding that this suit is barred by laches and failure to exhaust administrative remedies. To the extent that this holding is based upon the apparent failure of the mobility-handicapped appellants to attend a public hearing concerning the April 1974 application for federal funds, see note 5 supra, the holding was error. Plaintiffs concede, however, that the buses already furnished pursuant to that application need not be altered