Edwards v. State, 428 So. 2d 357 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). · Go Syfert
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Edwards v. State, 428 So. 2d 357 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“here a timely objection to the argument was immediately overruled by the court without comment, which ruling stamped approval on the argument, thereby aggravating the prejudicial effect.”
43 citation events (25 in the last 25 years) across 4 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Toney Deron Davis v. State of Florida (fla, 2014-04-10) · Strongest negative: Petruschke v. State (fladistctapp, 2013-03-06)
Treatment trajectory · 1983 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1983 2004 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 21 distinct citers.
discussed Overruled Petruschke v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2013 · signal: cf. · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
here a timely objection to the argument was immediately overruled by the court without comment, which ruling stamped approval on the argument, thereby aggravating the prejudicial effect.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Toney Deron Davis v. State of Florida
Fla. · 2014 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
i ask you for justice both on behalf of myself and the people of the state of florida, also on behalf of wife and children.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Grandison v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1998 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
even if the evidence was not convincing to the court, it was sufficient to go to the jury as an issue of fact.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Allen Ward Cox v. State of Florida
Fla. · 2024 · confidence medium
And Edwards v. State, 428 So. 2d 357, 359 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983), is distinguishable because the defense counsel there made a timely objection to the argument that was immediately overruled by the court without comment, which ruling the Third District Court of Appeal concluded stamped - 17 - prosecutor’s closing argument included recurring “justice for Lazaro”9 comments, which were made repeatedly and despite a sustained objection from defense counsel.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Quentin Marcus Truehill v. State of Florida (2×)
Fla. · 2017 · confidence medium
As we recently held, “this type of comment has been considered improper under clearly established Florida law for over three decades.” Cardona v. State, 185 So. 3d 514, 522 (Fla. 2016); see also Davis v. State, 136 So. 3d 1169, 1197-98 (Fla. 2014) (determining that the argument that the victim’s siblings would want to know what justice was imposed for the victim’s murder was improper); Dorsey v. State, 942 So. 2d 983, 986 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006) (declaring that “demanding justice for the victim” was improper); Shaara v. State, 581 So. 2d 1339, 1341 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991) (determining that…
examined Cited as authority (rule) Marco A. Rodriguez v. State (5×)
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2017 · confidence medium
“It is the responsibility of the prosecutor to seek a verdict based on the evidence without indulging in appeals to sympathy, bias, passion or prejudice.” Edw ards v. State, 428 So.2d 357, 359 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Donald Otis Williams v. State of Florida (2×)
Fla. · 2017 · confidence medium
See Cardona v. State, 185 So.3d 514, 522 (Fla. 2016); Davis v. State, 136 So.3d 1169, 1197 (Fla. 2014); Crew v. State, 146 So.3d 101, 110 (Fla. 5th DCA 2014); Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357, 359 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Ana Maria Cardona v. State of Florida (2×) also: Cited "see"
Fla. · 2016 · confidence medium
See Davis v. State, 136 So.3d 1169, 1197 (Fla.2014) (determining the argument that the victim’s siblings would want to know what justice was imposed for the victim’s murder was improper); Dorsey v. State, 942 So.2d 983, 986 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006) (“demanding justice for the victim” was improper); Shaara v. State, 581 So.2d 1339, 1341 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991) (determining that “the prosecutor’s comment that the victim was asking the jury for justice” was improper); Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357, 359 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983) (criticizing the prosecutor’s argument, which included: “All I’…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Brinson v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
He’s got it great, [emphasis added] It is improper for the prosecutor to appeal to the sympathy for the victim where “the natural effect of which would be hostile emotions toward the accused.” Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357, 359 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Crew v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357, 359 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983) (holding that the prosecutor’s argument was an improper appeal to the jury for sympathy for the victim’s family where the prosecutor said, “I ask you for justice both on behalf of myself and the people of the State of Florida, also on behalf of [victim’s] wife and children”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Linic v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2012 · confidence medium
On three occasions during the State’s closing argument, in addition to overruling defense objections to facts not in evidence and denying motions for a mistrial, the court also told the jurors to rely on their own collective memory, that they were to decide what was evidence and what was not, because “this is argument.” Where, as here, it may have been a close call for the jury and the prosecutor improperly injected facts and inferences that were not supported by the evidence on multiple occasions, which could only mislead and distract the jury from considering the evidence it had heard,…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Ward
Ill. App. Ct. · 2007 · confidence medium
They want the person that killed their son brought to justice', " "We agree that the remark was improper because it improperly appealed to the passions of the jurors by suggesting that in order to grant justice to the victim's family, the jurors should find the defendant guilty"); State v. Hart, 691 So. 2d 651, 659-60 (La. 1997); Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357, 359 (Fla. App. 1983) (holding, where the State argued, "All I'm going to ask you for is justice.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) People v. Ward
Ill. App. Ct. · 2007 · confidence medium
They want the person that killed their son brought to justice,’ ” “We agree that the remark was improper because it improperly appealed to the passions of the jurors by suggesting that in order to grant justice to the victim’s family, the jurors should find the defendant guilty”); State v. Hart, 691 So. 2d 651, 659-60 (La. 1997); Edwards v. State, 428 So. 2d 357, 359 (Fla. App. 1983) (holding, where the State argued, “All I’m going to ask you for is justice.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Dial v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 2006 · confidence medium
It is the responsibility of the prosecutor to seek a verdict based on the evidence without indulging in appeals to sympathy, bias, passion or prejudice." Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357, 359 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983); see also Johns v. State, 832 So.2d 959, 962 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002); Thomas v. State, 787 So.2d 27, 30 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); People v. Fields, 35 Cal.3d 329 , 197 Cal.Rptr. 803 , 673 P.2d 680, 700-01 (1983).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Cochran v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1998 · confidence medium
See, e.g., Breniser v. State, 267 So.2d 23, 25 (Fla. 4th DCA 1972); Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357, 359 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983); Knight v. State, 316 So.2d 576, 578 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Smith v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1988 · confidence medium
See Gardner v. State, 480 So.2d 91, 92-93 (Fla. 1985); Randolph v. State, 526 So.2d 931, 933 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988); Pope v. State, 458 So.2d 327, 328-29 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984), rev. denied, 462 So.2d 1108 (Fla.1985); Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357, 358-59 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Robinson v. State
Fla. · 1988 · confidence medium
Gluck v. State, 62 So.2d 71, 73 (Fla. 1952); Deas v. State, 119 Fla. 839, 845 , 161 So. 729, 731 (1935); Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357, 359 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Pope v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1984 · confidence medium
The evidence need not be "convincing to the trial court," before the instruction can be submitted to the jury, Edwards , at 359, as it suffices that the defense is "suggested" by the testimony.
cited Cited "see" Grey v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Linehan v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1983 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983).
cited Cited "see, e.g." Link v. State
Fla. Dist. Ct. App. · 1983 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Edwards v. State, 428 So.2d 357 (Fla.3d DCA 1983).
Nathaniel EDWARDS, Appellant,
v.
The STATE of Florida, Appellee.
82-731.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District.
Mar 22, 1983.
428 So. 2d 357
Nesbitt, Daniel S. Pearson and Ferguson.
Cited by 35 opinions  |  Published

[*358] Bennett H. Brummer, Public Defender and Gitlitz, Keegan & Dittmar, and James Keegan, Sp. Asst. Public Defenders, for appellant.

Jim Smith, Atty. Gen. and Scott Silver, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.

Before NESBITT, DANIEL S. PEARSON and FERGUSON, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Appellant raises two issues by this appeal from his conviction for first-degree murder and robbery: (1) the court erred in denying his request for an instruction on voluntary intoxication, (2) the prosecutor's comment in closing argument was so inflammatory as to require a new trial.

Appellant's sole defense at trial was intoxication. The court denied his requested instruction, stating that it was not supported by evidence. We disagree.

Appellant did not take the witness stand. The evidence showed, nonetheless, that he had been drinking rum and coke at an all-night party which ended shortly before the time of the offense. The investigating officer testified that he questioned appellant shortly after he was arrested, and his responses were:

[H]e couldn't recollect what had taken place. He had been to a party, that he had been drinking and his memory as to what occurred — [h]e couldn't remember.

The law is settled that a defendant is entitled to have the jury instructed on the law applicable to his theory of defense where there is any evidence introduced in support thereof. Bryant v. State, 412 So.2d 347 (Fla. 1982); Palmes v. State, 397 So.2d 648 (Fla. 1981), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 882, 102 S.Ct. 369, 70 L.Ed.2d 195 (1981), and cases cited therein. See also Motley v. State, 155 Fla. 545, 20 So.2d 798 (Fla. 1945). Even more on point is Mellins v. State, 395 So.2d 1207 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981), which holds that a requested instruction on intoxication must be given even though the only evidence of it comes from cross-examination of a state witness, is not supported by empirical evidence, and the defendant denies being intoxicated. 395 So.2d at 1209.

Voluntary intoxication is a defense to any crime requiring specific intent.[*359] Russell v. State, 373 So.2d 97 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979); Fouts v. State, 374 So.2d 22 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979), overruled on other grounds, Parker v. State, 408 So.2d 1037 (Fla. 1982). The crime of murder has as a requisite element specific intent which, where disputed by factual evidence, must be resolved by the jury under appropriate instruction on the law. Frazee v. State, 320 So.2d 462 (Fla. 3d DCA 1975). Even if the evidence was not convincing to the court, it was sufficient to go to the jury as an issue of fact.

We turn to the second point on appeal. The closing argument complained of was as follows:

Mr. Kahn [Prosecutor]: All I'm going to ask you for is justice. I ask you for justice both on behalf of myself and the people of the State of Florida, also on behalf of [victim's] wife and children. [e.s.]

The prosecutor's argument was an improper appeal to the jury for sympathy for the wife and children of the victim, the natural effect of which would be hostile emotions toward the accused. It is the responsibility of the prosecutor to seek a verdict based on the evidence without indulging in appeals to sympathy, bias, passion or prejudice. Harper v. State, 411 So.2d 235 (Fla.3d DCA 1982). Here a timely objection to the argument was immediately overruled by the court without comment, which ruling stamped approval on the argument, thereby aggravating the prejudicial effect. In Harper v. State, a strikingly similar argument was made by the prosecutor,[1] and objected to by counsel for the defendant. We held that the trial court had failed to discharge its responsibility where the jury was merely advised to rely on the evidence, without rebuke of counsel, and without ruling on the objection.

We have been confronted with a rash of such arguments over the past year. Counsel have been consistently admonished, and the arguments have been condemned as unfair, intemperate, and unethical. See Williams v. State, 425 So.2d 591 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Hines v. State, 425 So.2d 589 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Jackson v. State, 421 So.2d 15 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Chapman v. State, 417 So.2d 1028 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Gomez v. State, 415 So.2d 822 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Harris v. State, 414 So.2d 557 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Harper v. State; McMillian v. State, 409 So.2d 197 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); see generally ABA Standards for Criminal Justice, 3-5.8 (1980).

When it is made to appear that a prosecuting attorney's argument to the jury consists of an appeal to prejudice or sympathy calculated to unduly influence a trial jury, the trial judge should not only sustain an objection at the time to such improper conduct when objection is offered, but should so affirmatively rebuke the offending prosecuting officer as to impress upon the jury the gross impropriety of being influenced by improper arguments. Harper v. State, 411 So.2d at 237, citing Deas v. State, 119 Fla. 839, 161 So. 729 (Fla. 1935).

Reversed and remanded for a new trial.

1 In Harper, the prosecutor argued:

In the [B]ible it says to take a life is to take mankind and to save a life is to save mankind and all [Harper] did was kill a wino and he is sorry and so is [Smith's] wife and three children. They are sorry too.

In Gomez v. State, infra, the following argument required a reversal:

Don't let that gentleman [victim] with three children and a wife walk away without justice in this case, facing possible jail, an arm that's hideously changed the rest of his life and let these gentlemen [defendants] walk away into our community and commit further crimes of this nature. These assassins must be put away. It is your duty to do that. You told me you'll do that.

In Harper, as in this case, there was no record evidence that the victim had a wife and children.